Human Papillomavirus Type 16 Infection Research Articles

Prevalence of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) and HPV Type Distribution in Penile Samples in Young Men in Denmark: Results 10 Years After Implementation of a Girls-Only HPV Vaccination Program.

In Denmark, a girls-only human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination program was initiated in 2008-2009. The study aim was to assess the HPV prevalence and type distribution in younger men prior to HPV vaccination in men. The study population was younger men who attended information days regarding military service. At random days (2019-2020), 280 men were included. We collected questionnaire data regarding risk factors for HPV infection and a penile swab for HPV testing. We compared results in this study with those from a previous study of young men (2006-2007). The majority of participants (94%) were 18-20 years old. The median number of lifetime sexual partners was 4. Altogether, 130 men (46.4%) were HPV positive. No infections with HPV types 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, and 45 were detected. The most frequent type was HPV-51 (detected in 11.1%). Comparison showed that the odds of high-risk HPV type infection were higher in 2019-2020 (prevalence odds ratio [POR], 1.7 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 1.1-2.7]) compared with 2006-2007. In contrast, the odds were lower (POR, 0.3 [95% CI, .1-.6]) for HPV types targeted by the 9-valent HPV vaccine. The multicohort girls-only vaccination program has to a large degree protected young men against the HPV types included in the licensed vaccines. This does not speak against gender-neutral vaccination as the HPV prevalence is still high, although consisting largely of less carcinogenic HPV types.

A multiplex RPA-CRISPR/Cas12a-based POCT technique and its application in human papillomavirus (HPV) typing assay

Persistent infection with high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) is the primary and initiating factor for cervical cancer. With over 200 identified HPV types, including 14 high-risk types that integrate into the host cervical epithelial cell DNA, early determination of HPV infection type is crucial for effective risk stratification and management. Presently, on-site immediate testing during the HPV screening stage, known as Point of Care Testing (POCT), remains immature, severely limiting the scope and scenarios of HPV screening. This study, guided by the genomic sequence patterns of HPV, established a multiplex recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) technology based on the concept of “universal primers.” This approach achieved the multiple amplification of RPA, coupled with the CRISPR/Cas12a system serving as a medium for signal amplification and conversion. The study successfully constructed a POCT combined detection system, denoted as H-MRC12a (HPV—Multiple RPA—CRISPR/Cas12a), and applied it to high-risk HPV typing detection. The system accomplished the typing detection of six high-risk HPV types (16, 18, 31, 33, 35, and 45) can be completed within 40 min, and the entire process, from sample loading to result interpretation, can be accomplished within 45 min, with a detection depth reaching 1 copy/μL for each high-risk type. Validation of the H-MRC12a detection system’s reproducibility and specificity was further conducted through QPCR on 34 clinical samples. Additionally, this study explored and optimized the multiplex RPA amplification system and CRISPR system at the molecular mechanism level. Furthermore, the primer design strategy developed in this study offers the potential to enhance the throughput of H-MRC12a detection while ensuring sensitivity, providing a novel research avenue for high-throughput detection in Point-of-Care molecular pathogen studies.

Epidermodysplasia verruciformis-associated eccrine neoplasm: a rare entity with distinctive clinical and histopathologic features.

Most tumors are caused by inherited or acquired genetic changes. However, a subset of tumors is driven by viral infection including Kaposi sarcoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, and others. Human papillomavirus (HPV) is an especially common cause of epithelial cancers and hyperplasias. Epidermodysplasia verruciformis (EDV) is a rare type of HPV infection with characteristic histopathologic features and a unique spectrum of HPV subtypes. We report here a distinctive form of EDV-associated eccrine neoplasia. Seven tumors from two patients were analyzed and show highly uniform features including multiple clustered clinical lesions, multifocal epidermal origin, eccrine differentiation with close association with the acrosyringium, an anastomosing growth pattern, and a bland monotonous poroid-to-basaloid cytomorphology. Clinical follow-up for one patient has been benign to date. These tumors show strong similarity to two previously reported cases, suggesting that this type of EDV-associated eccrine neoplasia may represent a rare but reproducible form of skin adnexal tumor with distinctive clinicopathologic features.

Exploring the potential prompting role of cervical human papilloma virus detection in vulvar lesions: a cross-sectional study in China.

The etiology and clinical presentation of vulvar carcinomas, especially vulvar lesions, are not fully understood. Because the vulva and cervix are anatomically connected, human papillomavirus (HPV) is the main cause of cervical lesions. Thus, this study explored the potential characteristics and effects of specific HPV infection types across vulvar lesions and concurrent cervical lesions. This retrospective, cross-sectional study analyzed patients with cervical HPV or cytological results and concurrent vulvar biopsy who were seen in our hospital colposcopy clinic in Shanxi Province, China, between 2013 and 2023. Data on age, menopause status, vulvar manifestations, and cytology and HPV infection testing results were collected. Attributable fractions and multinominal logistic models were used to evaluate HPV genotyping and clinical characteristics across vulvar lesions. Among the 1,027 participants, 83 (8.1%) had vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN) of high grade or worse (VIN2+), and 127 (12.4%) had non-neoplastic epithelial disorders of the vulva (NNEDV). A total of 175 patients had either VIN2+ or cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) lesions of grade 2 or worse (CIN2+). The most common HPV genotypes for VIN2+ or concurrent VIN2+/CIN2+ were HPV16, HPV52, and HPV58, although attributable fractions differed among lesions. Patients with normal cytological or histopathological result were more likely to have NNEDV detected, while abnormal cervical diagnosis was associated with higher detection of VIN2+. Multinominal logistic modeling showed that age and HPV16 infection were risk factors for VIN2+ or concurrent VIN2+/CIN2+; however, only vulvar presentation with depigmentation was a risk factor for NNEDV. Among patients with low-grade CIN1/VIN1, compared with those who were HPV16 negative, those who were HPV16 positive were at 6.63-fold higher risk of VIN2+/CIN2+ [95% confidence interval (CI): 3.32, 13.21]. Vulvar depigmentation was also associated with increased risk of NNEDV (odds ratio: 9.98; 95% CI: 3.02, 33.04). Chinese women may be at specific, high risk for HPV infection types associated with VIN or CIN. The use of cervical cell HPV detection along with vulvar presentation during cervical cancer screening may also contribute to vulvar lesion detection.

Reconnoitering correlation between human papillomavirus infection-induced vaginal microecological abnormality and squamous intraepithelial lesion (SIL) progression

ObjectiveThis study aims to investigate the relationship between abnormal vaginal microecology and human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, as well as the squamous intraepithelial lesions (SIL) progression.MethodsA total of 383 patients diagnosed with HPV infection in our hospital between March 2017 and February 2022 were selected as the experimental group. In addition, several volunteers (n = 898) who underwent physical examination during the same period were randomly selected as the control group. Subsequently, we conducted several investigations, such as HPV detection and gene typing, examined vaginal microecological imbalances, and performed cytological examinations to analyze the correlation between microecological changes, different types of HPV infection, and SIL progression.ResultsHPV detection primarily included single and high-risk types of HPV infections. Moreover, significant disparities in the vaginal microecological environment between patients with persistent HPV infection and the control group, as well as patients with low-grade and high-grade SIL (LSIL and HSIL), were observed. The regression analysis revealed a correlation between LSIL and microflora density, diversity, bacteriological vaginosis (BV), vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC), trichomonas vaginalis (TV), sialidase, as well as Lactobacillus. In addition, we identified an association between HSIL and pH, flora density, diversity, BV, VVC, candida vaginitis (CV), leukocyte esterase, catalase, and Lactobacillus levels.ConclusionThese findings revealed a significant association between abnormal vaginal microecology and both HPV infection and the SIL progression.

Evaluation of HPV infection and presence of licensed HPV vaccine genotypes among genital warts in Foshan, China.

This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and presence of licensed HPV vaccine genotypes among patients with genital warts in Foshan, China from 2015 to 2022, to provide useful references for the detection, prevention and control of genital warts in Foshan. The present study retrospectively analyzed the HPV detection rates in patients with genital warts. A total of 1,625 patients were seen at the Second People's Hospital of Foshan, Guangdong Province, China, from 2015 to 2022. Samples were collected from various lesions and genotyped for 21 genotypes of HPV by infusion hybridization. The classification principle of HPV genotypes in this study: (1) Based on the relationship between HPV and carcinogenicity; (2) Based on the number of HPV genotypes infected; (3) Based on the HPV genotypes of licensed HPV vaccines. The detection rate of any HPV in patients with genital warts was 80.37% (1,306/1,625). The detection rates of HPV for low-risk infection, co-infection and high-risk infection were 49.48% (804/1,625), 24.92% (405/1,625) and 5.97% (97/1,625), respectively. Single infection was the predominant type (51.94%, 844/1625). HPV-6 and HPV-11 were the predominant types of single infection; HPV-6 and HPV-52 were the predominant types of paired combinations of multiple infection. 82.22% (1,336/1,625) of the cases had an age distribution of ≤ 24, 25-34, and 35-44. The distribution of some HPV genotypes had age specificity, annual specificity and gender specificity. The genotype detection rates of 2v, 4v and 9v showed a decreasing trend with ages (all P < 0.05). The genotype detection rates of 4v and 9v showed a decreasing trend over the 8-year period (both P < 0.05). The genotype detection rates of 4v and 9v in the male group were higher than those in the female group (both P < 0.05). The genotype detection rate of 9v was significantly higher than that of 2v and 4v in the female group (both P < 0.05). Our study demonstrated that low-risk infection and single infection were the main types of HPV infection in patients with genital warts, mainly among young patients. Our study provides epidemiological data for the detection, prevention and control of genital warts in China.

Analysis of HPV prevalence among individuals with reproductive tract infections in a Chinese population.

The previous research has found that human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the main cause of cervical cancer, but it is still unclear whether HPV infection, as well as the HPV genotypes, are related to reproductive tract infections in the Chinese population. Patients who underwent HPV screening at Shandong Maternal and Child Health Hospital were selected, and the HPV infection status was analyzed among patients with cervical lesions, bacterial vaginosis, cervical inflammation, fungal vaginitis, and pelvic infections. SPSS 22 statistical analysis was used to analyze the differences in HPV infection types and rates between the control group and the experimental group. The HPV infection rate of bacterial vaginosis (χ2 = 13.4; P < .001) and fungal vaginitis (χ2 = 3.3; P < .045) are both significantly different from the control group. The single HPV infections reveals significant differences from control group in bacterial vaginosis (χ2 = 7.3; P = .004), fungal vaginitis (χ2 = 4.5; P = .023), and cervical lesions (χ2 = 58.8; P < .001). In the bacterial infection group, HPV51 (1.9%; χ2 = 6.0; P = .008) and HPV58 (4.7%; χ2 = 3.3; P = .044) showed significant differences in infection compared to the control group. In the fungal infection group, HPV39 (2.7%; χ2 = 4.7; P = .032) showed a significant difference in infection compared to the control group. Cervical lesions, bacterial vaginosis, fungal vaginitis, and cervical lesions among Chinese population exhibit age-specified distribution. HPV infection rate in bacterial vaginitis, fungal vaginitis and cervical lesions was higher than that in normal group. HPV52 and HPV16 infection are different, and HPV39 is different between bacterial vaginitis and fungal vaginitis.

Epidemiology of oral human papillomavirus infection among diverse Chinese adults in typical areas of China: Findings from the DLCC study.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is a predominant cause of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. However, there is limited knowledge about the epidemiology of oral HPV infections among adults in China. We collected data from a prospective cohort that enrolled participants in mainland China. A total of 9867 participants aged at least 20 years provided oral swab specimens in typical areas of China (Hebei and Guangdong provinces) in 2021. HPV DNA in oral exfoliated cells was tested using Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction and sequencing. Prevalence among sub-populations was compared. Multivariable logistic regression models were employed to assess possible factors influencing oral HPV infection. The overall prevalence of oral HPV infection was 3.0% [95% confidence interval (CI):2.68%-3.36%]. Among those infected, 1.3% (1.08%-1.53%) were infected with high-risk HPV types. Men had a higher age-standardized HPV infection prevalence (3.6%, 2.96-4.29%) compared to their female counterparts (2.7%, 2.35-3.12%). People in Hebei had a higher age- and sex-standardized prevalence (4.1%, 3.50%-4.70%) than those in Guangdong (2.2%, 1.80%-2.56%). Generally, men (odds ratio [OR] and 95% CI: 1.42, 1.09-1.85) and people in Hebei (2.01, 1.53-2.65) had higher odds of any type of HPV infection. Additionally, people living in urban areas had a 2.15-fold (1.43-3.26) higher odds of high-risk HPV infection. This study reveals a low prevalence of oral HPV infection with significant geographic and sex differences among Chinese population. This is the first study to report the epidemiological characteristics of oral HPV infection among Chinese adults in diverse geographic areas with large sample size.

Correlation analysis of vaginal microecology and different types of human papillomavirus infection: a study conducted at a hospital in northwest China.

Vaginal microecology has a definite influence on human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and clearance, but the specific correlation is still controversial. This research aimed to investigate the differences in the vaginal microenvironment of different types of HPV infection and also provide data supporting clinical diagnosis and treatment. According to strict inclusion and exclusion criteria, the case data of 2,358 female patients who underwent vaginal microecology and HPV-DNA tests at the same time in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University from May 2021 to March 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. The population was divided into two groups: an HPV-positive group and an HPV-negative group. HPV-positive patients were further classified into HPV16/18-positive group and HPV other subtypes positive group. The vaginal microecology of HPV-infected patients was analyzed using the chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, and logistic regression. Among the 2,358 female patients, the HPV infection rate was 20.27% (478/2,358), of which the HPV16/18 infection rate was 25.73% (123/478), and the HPV other subtypes infection rate was 74.27% (355/478). The difference in HPV infection rates between the age groups was statistically significant (P < 0.01). The prevalence of mixed vaginitis was 14.37% (339/2,358), with bacterial vaginosis (BV) paired with aerobic vaginitis (AV) accounting for the majority (66.37%). The difference in HPV infection rates among mixed vaginitis was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). The prevalence of single vaginitis was 24.22% (571/2,358), with the most frequent being vulvovaginal Candidiasis (VVC; 47.29%, 270/571), and there was a significant difference in HPV infection rates among single vaginitis (P < 0.001). Patients with BV had a higher risk of being positive for HPV16/18 (OR: 1.815, 95% CI: 1.050-3.139) and other subtypes (OR: 1.830, 95% CI: 1.254-2.669). Patients with Trichomoniasis were at higher odds of other HPV subtype infections (OR: 1.857, 95% CI: 1.004-3.437). On the contrary, patients with VVC had lower odds of becoming infected with other HPV subtypes (OR: 0.562, 95% CI: 0.380-0.831). There were disparities in HPV infection among different age groups; therefore, we should pay attention to the prevention and treatment of susceptible individuals. BV and Trichomoniasis are linked to HPV infection; hence, restoring the balance of vaginal microecology could assist in the prevention of HPV infection. As a protective factor for other HPV subtype infections, VVC may provide new insights into the development of immunotherapeutic therapies.

Prevalence and Type of Human Papillomavirus Infection in Thai Males with Anogenital Warts

Objective: Low-risk (LR) human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is a recognized cause of anogenital warts (AGW). LR-HPV 6 and 11 are the HPV types that were reported to be associated with AGW. However, data specific to the HPV types that associate with AGW in Thailand are scarce. Accordingly, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of HPV in patients with AGW, and to investigate for association between HPV types and AGW among Thai males attending the sexually transmitted disease clinic of Siriraj Hospital – Thailand’s largest national tertiary referral center. Materials and Methods: This prospective study was conducted at the Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand during April 2017 to December 2019. Thai males with at least one AGW were included. AGW specimens were obtained, and HPV genotyping was performed at both the genital and perianal areas. Results: A total of 43 Thai male participants (mean age: 37.3±13.8 years; range: 19-72) with AGW were enrolled. The rate of HPV positive detection at the genital area and the perianal area was 86.0% and 72.1%, respectively. The most common HPV types at the genital area were HPV 6, followed by HPV 11. Alternatively, the most common HPV types at the perianal area were HPV 11, followed by HPV 6. Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest LR-HPV types 6 and 11 as the culprit pathogenic causes of AGW among males in Thailand. These findings further support and emphasize the importance of HPV vaccination for prophylaxis against both HPV and AGW.

The distribution of HPV subtype in vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia and the association with recurrent VIN and vulva cancer in Taiwan.

e17635 Background: Vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN) is a precursor lesion of vulvar cancer. Human papillomavirus (HPV) is causative for part of VIN lesions. This retrospective study aimed to investigate HPV distribution in patients with vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN) and the factor associated with the recurrence of high-grade vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN2+), high-grade vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia (VAIN) , cervical intraepithelial neoplasia(CIN) or progression to vulvar cancer. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed patients who diagnosed as vulvar squamous intraepithelial lesions between 1990 and 2014 in our institution. All the diagnoses and classifications were confirmed by two pathologists in 2015 ISSVD terminology. HPV DNA was extracted from formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded samples. SPF1/GP6+ polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by HPV Blot and E6 type-specific PCR were performed. Results: Ninety-eight VIN patients were included in our analysis. Ninety-three percent were positive for HPV and HPV16 (43.9%), HPV6 (11.38%), HPV11 (8.94%), and HPV58 (4.88%) were the most prevalent types. Patients with positive HPV were diagnosed younger than those with negative results (43.0 years vs. 61.1 years, P = 0.049). In 15 patients who with recurrent VIN (n = 11) or progression to vulvar cancer (n = 4), had positive HPV. All 4 patients who had progression to cancer were positive for HPV16 in their initial VINs. High risk type HPV infection, positive HPV16, and positive alpha-9 types are significant risk factors for recurrent VIN and progression to cancer. Conclusions: Positive HPV was detected in 92.8% of VINs and was related to younger age at diagnosis. HPV16 was the most prevalent type and was significantly related to recurrence/ progression. Other significant risk factors for recurrent VIN or progression to cancer were high-risk HPV and alpha-9 types. Closely monitor of those patients with risk factors was indicated for early detection and treatment of recurrent VIN and vulvar cancer.

A retrospective analysis of human papillomavirus (HPV) prevalence and genotype distribution among 25,238 women in Shanghai, China revealed the limitations of current HPV-based screening and HPV vaccine

BackgroundTo determine the human papillomavirus (HPV) type-specific prevalence and distribution among women with various age and cervical lesions in Shanghai, China. And to evaluate the carcinogenicity of different high-risk HPV (HR-HPV) and the efficacy of HR-HPV testing and HPV vaccine. MethodsThe clinical data from 25,238 participants who received HR-HPV testing (HPV GenoArray test kit, HybriBio Ltd) at the Affiliated Hospital of Tongji University from 2016 to 2019 were reviewed and analyzed using SPSS (version 20.0, Tongji University, China). ResultsThe overall prevalence of HPV was 45.57% in the study population, of which 93.51% were found HR-HPV infection. The three most prevalent HR-HPV genotypes were HPV 52 (22.47%), 16 (16.4%) and 58 (15.93%) among HPV-positive women, and HPV 16 (43.30%), 18 (9.28%) and 58 (7.22%) in women with histologically confirmed cervical cancer (CC). 8.25% of CC were found to be HPV negative. Only 83.51% of CC cases were related to the HPV genotypes covered by nine-valent HPV vaccine. HPV prevalence and genotype distribution varied with age and cervical histology. The odds ratios (OR) of HR-HPV for CC were also different, among which the top three types were HPV 45 [OR= 40.13, 95% confidence intervals (CI) 10.37–155.38], 16 (OR=33.98, 95%CI 15.90–72.60) and 18 (OR=21.11, 95%CI 8.09–55.09). The increase in the types of HPV infection did not increase the risk of CC correspondingly. As the primary cervical screening method, HR-HPV testing showed the high sensitivity (93.97%, 95%CI 92.00–95.49) but low specificity (42.82%, 95%CI 41.81–43.84). ConclusionsOur study provide the comprehensive epidemiological data on HPV prevalence and genotype distribution among Shanghai women with various cervical histology, which can not only serve as a significant reference for clinical practice, but also implicated the need of more effective CC screening methods and HPV vaccine covering more subtypes.

Human papilloma virus infection and its associated risk for cervical lesions: a cross-sectional study in Putuo area of Shanghai, China

ObjectiveTo investigate the human papilloma virus (HPV) infection status, main subtypes and age distribution characteristics of women in the Putuo area of Shanghai.MethodsA total of 13,936 subjects were enrolled in this study. These subjects were 15–89 years old, with a mean age of 41.68. Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction technology was used to detect 21 types of HPV.ResultsA total of 2,500 subjects with HPV infections were detected in 13,936 cervical exfoliated cell specimens (total infection rate 17.9%). There were 15 people aged below 20,486 people aged 21-30,876 people aged 31-40,484 people aged 41–50, 338 people aged 51–60, and 301 people aged > 60. In total, 1,893 (75.7%) subjects had a single type of HPV infection, 424 (16.9%) had a double infection, and 183 had triple or more infections (7.4%). The top 6 subtypes of HPV infection in the Shanghai Putuo District were HPV 52 (3.81%), HPV 58 (2.46%), HPV 16 (2.43%), HPV 53 (2.30%), HPV 81 (1.74%) and HPV 39 (1.5%). The number of high-risk HPV infections was 1,978, and the total infection rate was 14.19%. The number of intermediate-risk HPV infections was 578, and the total infection rate was 4.15%. The number of low-risk HPV infections was 338, and the total infection rate was 2.43%.ConclusionThe top 3 populations with HPV infection rates in the Putuo District, Shanghai, were ≤ 20 years old, older than 60, and 21–30 years old. The infection rate of HPV in cervical outpatient clinics was significantly higher than that of other departments. The 9-valent vaccine is recommended for HPV vaccination in this area.

Prevalence of human papillomavirus genotypes and related cervical morphological results in southern Hunan Province of China, 2018-2020: Baseline measures at a tertiary institution prior to mass human papillomavirus vaccination.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is closely correlated with cervical lesions. However, the HPV prevalence varies among different districts. This retrospective study investigated the HPV genotype distribution and its relationship with cervical lesions in southern Hunan Province. The database at our Pathology Department was searched for HPV and morphological results during 2018-2020 were reviewed. A total of 49,955 gynaecological inpatients and outpatients, each of whom underwent HPV testing based on the amplification of L1 sequence and reverse dot blot hybridization, were included in this study. Available cytology and relevant histological examination results were reviewed. Enrolled cases were categorized into seven groups based on their age. Household registry and educational level were evaluated. Seven thousand two hundred eighty-six females were positive for HPV and the overall HPV positivity rate was 14.59%. The top five most prevalent HPV genotypes were HPV52, 16, 58, 53 and 51 (22.98%, 17.54%, 14.29%, 7.47%, and 5.70%, respectively). The HPV prevalence curve specific to the seven age groups showed a bimodal distribution. High school education or blow and rural residence served as risk factors for HPV infection. Single infection was the main type of HPV infection, and multiple infections occurred in 21.92% of the infected women. Of 3,148 cases had cytological results, 1,149 (36.50%) had abnormal cytological abnormalities. Among 2,833 participants with histological examination, 2000 (70.60%) had cervical abnormalities. Cytological and pathological abnormalities were mainly associated with infection with HPV16, 52 and 58. Further analysis found that HPV16, 58, 52 and 33 were the main genotypes associated with high-grade squamous lesions (HSIL) and that HPV16, 31, 33 and 58 were independent risk factors for HSIL (odd ratio [OR] = 1.70, 1.99, 2.59, 2.29; 95% CI = 1.41-2.03, 1.17-3.41, 1.88-3.59, 1.85-2.82; all p < 0.05). HPV16, 58, 52, 18 and 33 were the most frequent genotypes detected in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) patients, and HPV16 and 18 were independent risk factors for cervical carcinomas (OR = 6.72;95% CI = 5.48-8.25; p < 0.001; OR = 1.67, 95% CI = 1.22-2.30; p = 0.001). This retrospective study demonstrated the prevalence and the distribution characteristics of HPV infection and its correlation with cervical lesions in southern Hunan Province. The comprehensive results of this survey can guide HPV vaccine research to protect against some common genotypes in China.

Analysis of genotype and age distribution of cervical human papillomavirus infection in Futian District, Shenzhen, China

Our study aims to understand the prevalence of cervical HPV (Human papilloma virus) infection, different subtypes causing infection and age distribution characteristics of women in Futian District, Shenzhen, China, to provide a reference for effective local prevention and treatment of HPV and targeted development and application of the HPV vaccine. Information on HPV results, age and HPV genotypes infected were collected and retrospectively analysed among women who attended the free cervical cancer screening programme conducted by the Shenzhen Futian District Government between 01 January 2016 and 31 December 2022 at our gynaecology outpatient clinics and medical check-up centres. There were 2792 positive cases among 27,738 females in Futian District, Shenzhen, with a positivity rate of 10.07%. Types 52, 58, 16, 68, 51, 39, 18, 31 and 33 were the top 9 infected genotypes in Futian District, Shenzhen, China. The high prevalence of these three genotypes, HR-HPV (High-risk human papilloma virus) types 68, 51 and 39, in the region is an important finding. Age-related differences in HPV infection rates were considerable, with the bimodal peak of the infection rate curve occurring in the age ranges of 30–34 and 60–65. The distribution of cervical HPV infection types in each region is unique, and different age groups have their susceptibility to different HPV genotypes. Geographical and age specificity should be considered in the therapeutic usage of vaccinations.

The diversity of vaginal microbiome in women infected with single HPV and multiple genotype HPV infections in China.

The human papillomavirus (HPV) is the leading cause of cervical cancer globally. However, its microbial composition and association with the types of HPV infection remain elusive. This study was designed to characterize the vaginal microbiota of 53 HPV-infected and 16 normal women (control group) by using high-throughput sequencing with the Illumina platform. In this study, the five leading phyla were Firmicutes (73.9%), Actinobacteriota (12.8%), Proteobacteria (6.2%), Fusobacteria (3.5%), and Bacteroidota (3.1%). We found that single HPV genotype-positive women had higher α-microbial diversity compared with HPV-negative and multiple HPV-positive women. In women with a single HPV genotype infection, the HPV-16 infection had significantly higher α-diversity than other genotype infections. In multiple HPV genotype-positive women, the highest α-diversity was found in women positive for HR-HR HPV genotype infection, compared with other infections. Furthermore, in single- and multiple-genotype infections, the abundance of s_unclassified_g_Lactobacillus decreased whereas the abundance of s_Gardnerella_vaginalis increased compared with control. Additionally, s_unclassified_f_Rhizobiaceae and s_sneathia_sanguinegens were only found in HPV-infected women. This study showed that the type of HPV infection was associated with the composition of the vaginal microbiota. Further studies on HPV genotypes and vaginal microbiota are necessary to uncover more mysteries of their association and provide a promising therapeutic target as well as low-cost future therapeutic strategies.

Cervical Microbiome in Women Infected with HPV16 and High-Risk HPVs.

Human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16) and/or high-risk (Hr-) HPV are the main causes of cervical cancer. Another element that may contribute to the development of cervical cancer is the microbiota. To date, no study has investigated the entire cervical microbiome, which consists of bacteria, fungi, and viruses. In this study, cervical samples with different histopathology (CIN1, CIN2, and CIN3), with or without HPV16 and Hr-HPVs infection, were enrolled. From bacterial community analysis, 115 bacterial species were found and separated into 2 distinct categories based on Lactobacillus abundance: Lactobacilli-dominated (LD) and non-Lactobacilli-dominated (NLD) groups. The LD group had significantly less bacterial diversity than the NLD group. In addition, the variety of bacteria was contingent on the prevalence of HPV infection. Among distinct histological groups, an abundance of L. iners (&gt;60% of total Lactobacillus spp.) was discovered in both groups. A few fungi, e.g., C. albicans, were identified in the fungal community. The viral community analysis revealed that the presence of HPV considerably reduced the diversity of human viruses. Taken together, when we analyzed all our results collectively, we discovered that HPV infection was a significant determinant in the diversity of bacteria and human viruses in the cervix.

Relationships Between HPV Infection and Cervical Lesions in Women from Southwest China

Objective: To analyze the infection status of human papillomavirus (HPV) in women from Southwest China and explore the correlation between different subtypes of HPV infection, the degree of cervical lesions and the age of patients, to provide reference for the early diagnosis and prevention of cervical cancer. Methods: The data of 1543 women from the department gynecology of the first affiliated hospital of Kunming medical university for colposcopy were enrolled in this study and the data were analyzed here. According to the cervical pathological results, women infecting HPV were divided into cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade I group, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade II group, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade III group and cervical cancer group, cervicitis group. Results: 1339 cases (86.78%) were infected with HPV among 1543 specimens. Forty-eight HPV subtypes were detected, and the top five infection rates were HPV16, 18, 52, 58 and 33. Statistical difference between cervical pathology results between age group and HPV infection were detected at <I>P</I><0.05. Most cervical cancer lesions of HPV-infected women were over 50 years old. In addition, except for the cervical cancer group, and the proportion of HPV infection in each age group showed an "n" type distribution pattern in cervical pathology results. The majority patients with HPV infection were multiple infection (66.25%) and triple or more types of HPV infection (39.51%). The proportion of high-risk subtypes of HPV infection decreased gradually with the increase of age, while the proportion of low-risk subtypes increased with the increase of age. The high-risk subtype was significantly higher than the low-risk subtype in the cervical pathological HPV infection subtypes in each group, and the most high-risk subtypes were 16, 18 and 52. The HPV subtypes in the cervical cancer group were only high-risk subtypes, and subtypes 16 and 18 showed the highest frequency. Conclusions: The main types of HPV in Kunming were HPV subtypes 16, 18 and 52. Age was an important factor influencing the subtype of HPV infection as well as cervical pathology outcomes. To reduce clinical cervical cancer lesions, attention should be paid to the screening and protection of cervical cancer lesions in women aged more than 50 years old with HPV infection of HPV subtypes 16 and 18.

Genital Microbiota of Women From Six Ethnic Groups With and Without Human Papillomavirus Infection in Shangri-La, China.

BackgroundA diversity of microorganisms is associated with human health and exists in a state of dynamic equilibrium. This diversity has direct implications for the assessment of susceptibility to infectious diseases, especially human papillomavirus (HPV) infection.MethodsHere, we investigated the relationships between HPV infection and vaginal, cervical, and gut microbiota composition and assessed the levels of genital immune mediators. We selected a multiethnic area in Yunnan Province, China, to collect samples from healthy women of childbearing age. A total of 82 healthy women of childbearing age were included in this study. Vaginal, cervical, and rectal swabs were collected to analyze the microbial community, and cytokines were analyzed in some samples.FindingsDifferent proportions and types of HPV infection were detected in cervical (44%), vaginal (18%), and rectal (18%) swabs. HPV detected in cervical swabs was generally a high-risk type, while low-risk HPV types were primarily detected in vaginal and rectal swabs. There were some differences in this proportion as well as in the microbial community composition among different ethnic groups. Rectal samples exhibited the highest diversity index, while vaginal samples displayed the lowest diversity index. Lactobacillus dominated most of the vaginal samples, was decreased in HPV-positive samples, and differed among different ethnic groups. However, the sequence proportion of Lactobacillus in the cervix exhibited the opposite trend in those affected by HPV infection. The dynamic balance between the potential pathogens Gardnerella and Lactobacillus determines the health of the female genital system.InterpretationThis study constitutes the first step toward personalized medicine for women’s reproductive health, wherein differences between the genital microbiomes of individuals would be considered in risk assessment and for subsequent disease diagnosis and treatment.

Effectiveness of photodynamic therapy with 5-aminolevulinic acid for Bowenoid papulosis: A retrospective study with long-term follow-up

BackgroundBowenoid papulosis (BP) is a rare infectious skin disease that occurs in sexually active young people. BP is associated with human papillomavirus (HPV)16 and 18 infections, spreads through sexual contact, and tends to become cancerous. Currently, there are different BP treatment methods, and few reports on the efficacy of photodynamic therapy (PDT) with 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) (ALA-PDT).We compared the differences in the clearance and recurrence rates of BP between the ALA-PDT group and other groups, and explored methods to improve clinical effects and reduce lesion recurrence by combining clinical retrospective data. MethodsWe enrolled patients who were diagnosed with bowel papulosis" between January 1, 2009, and December 31, 2020. Patient information, such as ID number, hospitalization number, admission time, name, age, gender, telephone number, admission record, discharge record, outpatient medical history, HPV type analysis, histopathological examination, and treatment plan were recorded. Outcomes were obtained and recorded through outpatient visits, telephone, and online follow-ups from patients who had reached the treatment endpoint. We compared and evaluated the differences in lesion clearance rate, lesion recurrence rate, and patient satisfaction between the ALA-PDT group and other groups using statistical analysis. ResultsThe lesion clearance rate of the ALA-PDT group was significantly higher than that of the control group, the lesion recurrence rate was lower than that of the control group, and patient satisfaction was higher than that of the control group. The lesion clearance rate of the ALA-PDT group was higher than that of the microwave and radiofrequency groups, the lesion recurrence rate of the ALA-PDT group was significantly lower than that of the microwave and radiofrequency groups, and patient satisfaction was significantly higher than that of the microwave and radiofrequency groups. In the lesions of patients with BP, in addition to HPV16 and HPV18 types, other types were also detected, and most of them were mixed types of HPV infection. Age, sex, and duration of disease were not risk factors that affected BP recurrence. ConclusionsALA-PDT for BP has the advantages of high lesion clearance rate, low lesion recurrence rate, and high patient satisfaction. ALA-PDT is worthy of recommendation as a preferred treatment plan for the treatment of BP.