Human Papillomavirus Related Cervical Cancer Research Articles

Uptake of human papilloma virus vaccine and its determinants among females in East Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis

IntroductionCervical cancer is the most common malignant tumor among women. It is the main cause of death among women in sub-Saharan African countries. Particularly, the incidence and mortality rates are highest in East Africa. Even though the burden of human papilloma virus-related cervical cancer is high in East Africa, there is no conclusive evidence about the prevalence of human papilloma virus vaccine uptake and its predictors.ObjectiveTo assess the pooled prevalence of human papilloma virus vaccine uptake and its determinants in East Africa.MethodEligible articles were searched on PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, and Google. Those articles incorporating the outcome of interest, both analytical and descriptive study designs, and published or unpublished articles at any time were included. Keywords and Medical Subjects Heading terms or synonyms of human papilloma virus vaccine and Boolean operators were used to retrieve the articles. To assure the quality of articles, Joana Brigg’s Institute critical appraisal checklist for cross-sectional studies was used. Sensitivity analysis was conducted to assess the heterogeneity among the studies, and a random effect model was used to analyze the pooled effect size.ResultA total of 29 articles were included, and the pooled prevalence of HPV vaccine uptake in East Africa was 35% (95% CI: 26–45%). Good knowledge (OR = 1.6, 95%CI; 1.43–1.8), positive attitude (OR = 2.54, 95% CI; 2.13–3.03), ever heard about HPV vaccine (OR = 1.41, 95% CI; 1.03–1.94), mother educational status above college (OR = 1.84, 95%CI; 1.03–3.31), middle wealth index (OR = 1.33, 95%CI; 1.04–1.7), ≥ 9 family size (OR = 0.76, 95%CI; 0.68–0.98), availability of promotion (OR = 2.53, 95%CI: 1.51–4.26), availability of adequate vaccine (OR = 4.84, 95%CI; 2.9–8.08), outreach vaccination practice (OR = 1.47, 95%CI; 1.02–2.12) and family support (OR = 4.3, 95% CI; 2.98–6.21) were the significant factors for the uptake of human papilloma virus vaccine.ConclusionAs compared to the global strategic plan, the pooled prevalence of HPV vaccine uptake in east Africa was low. The uptake of the HPV vaccine was higher among adolescents than youths. Knowledge about the HPV vaccine, attitude towards the HPV vaccine, ever hearing about the HPV vaccine, residence, mother’s educational status, mother’s occupational status, wealth index, and family size were the significant determinants of HPV vaccine uptake. Therefore, we recommend focusing on awareness creation and behavioral change to expand the uptake of vaccines in East Africa.

Diverse intratumoral heterogeneity and immune microenvironment of two HPV-related cervical cancer types revealed by single-cell RNA sequencing.

Cervical squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and adenocarcinoma (AD) are the main histological types of human papillomavirus-related cervical cancer. However, there are few reports on cell type-specific molecular differences between SCC and AD. Here, we used unbiased droplet-based single-cell RNA sequencing to elucidate the cellular differences between SCC and AD in tumor heterogeneity, and tumor microenvironment (TME). A total of 61 723 cells from three SCC and three AD patients, were collected and divided into nine cell types. Epithelial cells exhibited high intra- and interpatient heterogeneity and functional diversity. Signaling pathways, such as epithelial-to-mesenchymal-transition (EMT), hypoxia and inflammatory response were upregulated in SCC, while cell cycle-related signaling pathways were highly enriched in AD. SCC was associated with high infiltration of cytotoxicity CD8 T, effector memory CD8 T, proliferativenatural killer (NK), and CD160+ NK cells as well as tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) with high major histocompatibility complex-II genes. AD exhibited a high proportion of naive CD8 T, naive CD4 T, Treg CD4, central memory CD8, and TAMs with immunomodulatory functions. Additionally, we also observed that the majority of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) were from AD, and participated in inflammation regulation, while SCC-derived CAFs exhibited similar functions to tumor cells, such as EMT and hypoxia. This study revealed the widespread reprogramming of multiple cell populations in SCC and AD, dissected the cellular heterogeneity and characteristics in TME, and proposed potential therapeutic strategies for CC, such as targeted therapy and immunotherapy.

HPV-related oropharyngeal cancer: identifying and quantifying topics of patient interest.

As the incidence of human papillomavirus related oropharyngeal cancer continues to rise, it is increasingly important for public understanding to keep pace. This study aimed to identify areas of patient interest and concern regarding human papillomavirus and oropharyngeal cancer. This study was a retrospective survey of search queries containing the keywords 'HPV cancer' between September 2015 and March 2021. There was 3.5-fold more interest in human papillomavirus related oropharyngeal cancer (15 800 searches per month) compared with human papillomavirus related cervical cancer (4500 searches per month). Among searches referencing cancer appearance, 96.8 per cent pertained to the head and neck region (3050 searches per month). Among vaccination searches, 16 of 47 (34.0 per cent; 600 searches per month) referenced human papillomavirus vaccines as being a cause of cancer rather than preventing cancer. The vast majority of online searches into human papillomavirus cancer pertain to the oropharynx. There are relatively few search queries on the topic of vaccination preventing human papillomavirus associated oropharyngeal cancer, which highlights the continued importance of patient education and awareness campaigns.

Leveraging 16S rRNA data to uncover vaginal microbial signatures in women with cervical cancer.

Microbiota-relevant signatures have been investigated for human papillomavirus-related cervical cancer (CC), but lack consistency because of study- and methodology-derived heterogeneities. Here, four publicly available 16S rRNA datasets including 171 vaginal samples (51 CC versus 120 healthy controls) were analyzed to characterize reproducible CC-associated microbial signatures. We employed a recently published clustering approach called VAginaL community state typE Nearest CentroId clAssifier to assign the metadata to 13 community state types (CSTs) in our study. Nine subCSTs were identified. A random forest model (RFM) classifier was constructed to identify 33 optimal genus-based and 94 species-based signatures. Confounder analysis revealed confounding effects on both study- and hypervariable region-associated aspects. After adjusting for confounders, multivariate analysis identified 14 significantly changed taxa in CC versus the controls (P < 0.05). Furthermore, predicted functional analysis revealed significantly upregulated pathways relevant to the altered vaginal microbiota in CC. Cofactor, carrier, and vitamin biosynthesis were significantly enriched in CC, followed by fatty acid and lipid biosynthesis, and fermentation of short-chain fatty acids. Genus-based contributors to the differential functional abundances were also displayed. Overall, this integrative study identified reproducible and generalizable signatures in CC, suggesting the causal role of specific taxa in CC pathogenesis.

Measuring and attitudes of university students toward human papilloma virus-related cervical cancer prevention

Measuring and attitudes of university students toward human papilloma virus-related cervical cancer prevention

The Potential of Urine for Human papillomavirus-related Cervical Cancer Prevention

Cervical cancer is one of the most preventable cancers. The introduction of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines and the adaptation of regular screening programs are key actions that need to be generalized globally to achieve the goal of cervical cancer elimination. However, it is still challenging to achieve satisfactory coverage rate, and many women are reluctant to participate in gynecologic examination. In this article, we review the research on the application of HPV detection in urine samples for cervical cancer screening and vaccine monitoring, as well as discuss the technical challenges and new technological advancements in urine-based tests. HPV detection in urine is an excellent noninvasive alternative that is widely accepted by women, relatively affordable, and provides the potential to reach women without the necessity for clinical visits. Thus, it is an attractive tool for both cervical cancer screening and vaccine monitoring.

Women's Knowledge of Cervical Cancer: A cross-sectional study in Al Buraimi Governorate, Oman.

ObjectivesThis study aimed to assess knowledge of cervical cancer and its prevention among Omani women aged 20–65 years.MethodsThis cross-sectional study took place across eight primary healthcare institutions in Al Buraimi Governorate, Oman, between November 2018 and February 2019. It was carried out on the basis of a predesigned, validated and self-administered questionnaire containing 55 questions.ResultsData from 791 completed questionnaires were included in the final analysis, which represents a response rate of 79.1%. The results indicated that 86.7% of surveyed women had previously heard of cervical cancer and 13.0% expected this disease to affect them in the future. The results also showed that women were less aware of the association between the human papillomavirus (HPV) and cervical cancer (24.7%). The participants considered the HPV infection and initiation of sexual intercourse below 17 years of age as the lowest risks associated with cervical cancer. Moreover, 63.8% of the participants were unaware of the availability of a vaccination ‘against HPV-related cervical cancer’ and many respondents were unaware of a Pap test. Those women aged over 30 years, married and with a high level of education were more likely to be aware of cervical cancer.ConclusionGenerally, there was inadequate knowledge and awareness of cervical cancer among women aged 20–65 years. Young women aged 20–30 years showed relatively lesser knowledge of cervical cancer as compared to their older counterparts. Thus, concerted efforts are needed to promote such awareness among women in Oman.

The Role of RNA Splicing Factors in Cancer: Regulation of Viral and Human Gene Expression in Human Papillomavirus-Related Cervical Cancer.

The spliceosomal complex components, together with the heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNPs) and serine/arginine-rich (SR) proteins, regulate the process of constitutive and alternative splicing, the latter leading to the production of mRNA isoforms coding multiple proteins from a single pre-mRNA molecule. The expression of splicing factors is frequently deregulated in different cancer types causing the generation of oncogenic proteins involved in cancer hallmarks. Cervical cancer is caused by persistent infection with oncogenic human papillomaviruses (HPVs) and constitutive expression of viral oncogenes. The aberrant activity of hnRNPs and SR proteins in cervical neoplasia has been shown to trigger the production of oncoproteins through the processing of pre-mRNA transcripts either derived from human genes or HPV genomes. Indeed, hnRNP and SR splicing factors have been shown to regulate the production of viral oncoprotein isoforms necessary for the completion of viral life cycle and for cell transformation. Target-therapy strategies against hnRNPs and SR proteins, causing simultaneous reduction of oncogenic factors and inhibition of HPV replication, are under development. In this review, we describe the current knowledge of the functional link between RNA splicing factors and deregulated cellular as well as viral RNA maturation in cervical cancer and the opportunity of new therapeutic strategies.

Biological activities of Ficus carica latex for potential therapeutics in Human Papillomavirus (HPV) related cervical cancers

Infection caused by high-risk human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are implicated in the aetiology of cervical cancer. Although current methods of treatment for cervical cancer can ablate lesions, preventing metastatic disseminations and excessive tissue injuries still remains a major concern. Hence, development of a safer and more efficient treatment modality is of vital importance. Natural products from plants are one of the principal sources of precursors to lead compounds with direct pharmaceutical application across all disease classes. One of these plants is Ficus carica, whose fruit latex, when applied on HPV-induced skin warts, has shown potential as a possible cure for this virus related lesions. This study explores the in vitro biological activities of fig latex and elucidates its possible mechanisms of action on cervical cancer cell lines CaSki and HeLa positive for HPV type 16 and 18, respectively. Our data shows that fig latex inhibits properties that are associated with HPV-positive cervical cancer transformed cells such as rapid growth and invasion and substantially downregulated the expression of p16 and HPV onco-proteins E6, E7. These findings suggest Ficus carica latex has the potential to be used in the development of therapeutic modalities for the possible treatment, cure and prevention of HPV related cervical cancer.

Human papillomavirus types causing recurrent respiratory papillomatosis in Zimbabwe

ObjectiveRecurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP) caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) is preventable through vaccination. This study was motivated by the recent thrust of the Zimbabwean government to reduce incidence of HPV related cervical cancer in Zimbabwe through vaccination against HPV. We therefore set out to type HPV genotypes causing RRP in Zimbabwe. We also describe for the first time, the demographics of Zimbabwean RRP patients, the characteristics of patients with different HPV types and possible risk factors of HPV infection in our setting. MethodsWe conducted a prospective, hospital based study were patients were recruited from two national otorhinolaryngology hospitals in Zimbabwe. All patients diagnosed with RRP during a twenty four month period were included in the study. A questionnaire was administered per patient to collect both demographic and clinical variables. HPV DNA was extracted from formalin fixed paraffin embedded laryngeal tissue. The extracted HPV DNA was amplified using polymerase chain reaction and next generation sequencing was used to genotype the HPV types. ResultsA total of 52 patients all aged 14 years and under were recruited into the study. Only Juvenile onset RRP cases were observed over the two year period and 64% of the patients were HPV positive. HPV types 6 and 11 were the dominant types observed constituting 85% of all HPV types. The remaining 15% constituted of HPV 16 and HPV 18. 27% of the patients had coinfection with at least two different HPV types. There were no statistically significant differences between the characteristics of HPV positive and HPV negative patients. No statistically significant risk factors were observed. ConclusionHPV types 6 and 11 were the predominant genotypes causing RRP in Zimbabwe. Thus the use of quadrivalent or even nonavalent HPV vaccines may play an important role in the prevention and management of RRP in Zimbabwe.

Toll-like receptor 4 promotes proliferation and apoptosis resistance in human papillomavirus-related cervical cancer cells through the Toll-like receptor 4/nuclear factor-κB pathway.

Toll-like receptor 4 is overexpressed in various tumors, including cervical carcinoma. However, the role of Toll-like receptor 4 in cervical cancer remains controversial, and the underlying mechanisms are largely elusive. Therefore, Toll-like receptor 4 in cervical cancer and related mechanisms were investigated in this study. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and western blot analyses were used to detect messenger RNA and protein levels in HeLa, Caski, and C33A cells with different treatments. Proliferation was quantified using Cell Counting Kit-8. Cell cycle distribution and apoptosis were assessed by flow cytometry. Higher levels of Toll-like receptor 4 expression were found in human papillomavirus-positive cells compared to human papillomavirus-negative cells. Proliferation of HeLa and Caski cells was promoted in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated groups but suppressed in short hairpin RNA-transfected groups. Apoptosis rates were lower in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated groups relative to short hairpin RNA-transfected groups. In addition, G2-phase distribution was enhanced when Toll-like receptor 4 was downregulated. Moreover, the pNF-κBp65 level was positively correlated with the Toll-like receptor 4 level in HeLa and Caski cells, though when an nuclear factor-κB inhibitor was applied to lipopolysaccharide-stimulated groups, the patterns of proliferation and apoptosis were opposite to those of the lipopolysaccharide-stimulated groups without inhibitor treatment. In conclusion, these data suggest that Toll-like receptor 4 promotes proliferation and apoptosis resistance in human papillomavirus-related cervical cancer cells at least in part through the Toll-like receptor 4/nuclear factor-κB pathway, which may be correlated with the occurrence and development of cervical carcinoma.

The Burden of Human Papillomavirus Infections Among Women in Nigeria: A Review Update

Cancer of the cervix is the second largest cause of mortality among women globally with an approximate estimate of over 500,000 new cases annually. Human Papillomavirus (HPV) has been long implicated as a necessary cause of Cervical Cancer (CC) in which 80% of the disease burden occurs in developing countries where organized cytology based programmes have not been feasible. Nigeria has a population of over 47 million women who are at risk of contracting HPV. It is estimated that 14,089 women are diagnosed with Cervical Cancer and 8,240 deaths annually. This review, selected publications on HPV related Cervical Cancer across Nigeria where proper quality controlled molecular methods were used for the diagnosis of HPV. Different genotypes of high risk HPV have been detected with variations across populations. HPV types found associated with women in Nigeria included types; 16,18,31,33,35,52,56 and 68 in disproportionate distribution with cases of multiple infections. Findings from this review revealed that the prevalence of Cervical Cancer is on the increase and factors such as; poverty, ignorance, socio-cultural practices, multiple infections by more than one HPV type, persistent infection, government policy, high cost of vaccines and poor acceptance of vaccines all played important roles in the increased prevalence. There is a need for more population based studies to ascertain specific HPV genotype common to specific population and the need for the development of multivalent therapeutic vaccines over the present prophylactic bivalent or quadrivalent vaccines which does not prevent against all oncogenic HPV genotypes.

Serial monoclonal antibody administration demonstrates therapeutic effects via induction of apoptosis in HPV related cervical cancer

Abstract Introduction All cervical cancer is caused by the persistent expression of human papillomavirus (HPV) E6 and E7 oncoproteins that interfere with p53 and Rb pathways, respectively. Virally specific treatments form an excellent basis for highly specific, low toxicity therapies. Methods Serial doses of anti-HPV 16/18 E6 C1P5 (Abcam) were compared against Cisplatin in the treatment of human cervical cancer derived tumors (CaSki). C1P5 and Cisplatin were administered on days 1, 4, and 7 after CaSki tumor size reached 3–5mm on the flank of athymic nude mice. Measurements were performed every 3 days during the 40 day observation period. After which the tumors were procured, paraffin embedded, and stained with H&amp;E. SiHa cells which compare to HPV copies in patient explants (previously published) were used in mechanistic studies. Dual staining flow cytometry with PI and Annexin was performed to evaluate cell death and MTT assay was used to confirm findings. Results Tumor growth was inhibited in all treatment groups compared to untreated controls (p &amp;lt;0.05). No statistically significant differences between C1P5 treatment groups were noted when compared to cisplatin. However, on H&amp;E we noted increased necrosis proportional to the number of doses: 1 dose 30%, 2 doses 60%, and 3 doses 85%. Dual-staining of Annexin and PI on flow cytometry demonstrated increased apoptosis as a result of C1P5 administration suggesting this as the underlying mechanism of increased necrosis. These results were corroborated by MTT assay (p&amp;lt;0.05). Conclusion Virally specific therapy is promising for the treatment of women with cervical cancer. To extend the paucity of options, further mechanistic understanding must be developed to derive maximal therapeutic benefit.

Association between CCND1 G870A polymorphism and radiotherapy response in high-risk human papillomavirus-related cervical cancer

To investigate the correlation of cyclin D1 (CCND1) G870A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) with radiotherapy response in patients with high risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) related cervical cancer. A total of 273 patients with cervical cancer, who were confirmed by histopathology and hybrid capture 2 (HC-2) assay and treated by radiotherapy, were enrolled for this study. The correlation of CCND1 G870A polymorphism with tumor response in patients was assessed. Compared with patients with AA genotype, the patients with GG genotype and AA genotype showed lower sensitivity to radio-therapy treatment (adjusted ORGA=2.69, 95% CI 1.28-5.67 and adjusted ORGG=3.28, 95% CI 1.47-7.29, respectively), an increase in risks of recurrence/metastasis (adjusted ORGA=2.52, 95% CI 1.12-5.63 and adjusted ORGG=3.95, 95% CI 1.68-9.26, respectively), and shorter recurrence/metastasis-free survival (PGA=0.010 and PGG=0.045). G870A polymorphism is a frequent variation that could be used for evaluate the radio-sensitivity and prognosis for patients with HR-HPV related cervical cancer.

HPV and cervical cancer related knowledge, awareness and testing behaviors in a community sample of female sex workers in China

BackgroundLimited data suggested that the prevalence of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) among female sex workers (FSW) is much higher than in the general female population. The current study aimed to examine the HPV and cervical cancer related awareness, knowledge, and behaviors among FSW in China.MethodsA total of 360 FSW recruited from entertainment establishments in Beijing completed a self-administered survey including demographics, HPV related knowledge, and health-seeking and cervical cancer preventive behaviors.ResultsApproximately 70.8% of the participants ever heard of cervical cancer, and as few as 22.1% and 13.3% ever heard of HPV and HPV vaccine, respectively. The mean score on a 7-item knowledge scale was 2.2 (SD = 2.4). Less than 10% of FSW perceived any risk of cervical cancer, and only 15.3% ever had a Pap smear. About 40.8% of FSW would accept HPV vaccine if it is free, and 21.8% would accept it even with a charge. Multivariate regression suggested that women with better knowledge of cervical cancer were more likely to have a Pap smear (aOR = 1.35); women who had tested for HIV were 11 times more likely to have a Pap smear, and women who had worked longer in commercial sex (aOR = 1.01) and had regular health check-ups (aOR = 1.95) were more likely to accept HPV vaccine.ConclusionsOur study underscores the needs for effective cervical cancer prevention programs for FSW in China and other resource-limited countries. We specifically call for cervical cancer and HPV knowledge and awareness programs and regular screening as well as HPV risk-reduction programs for these vulnerable women.

An exploration of human papillomavirus‐related cervical cancer prevention experiences among college women: a descriptive qualitative approach

To enhance understanding of young women's experiences of human papillomavirus-related cervical cancer prevention in Taiwan. High-risk types of human papillomavirus are a key aetiologic factor behind cervical cancer. Recently, human papillomavirus vaccination is considered an effective approach to prevent vaccine-specific typed human papillomavirus-related cervical cancer in women. However, several controversial issues still arise about routine administration of human papillomavirus vaccines, and the literature on young women's protection against human papillomavirus-related cervical cancer is limited. A descriptive qualitative design categorised responses into themes. Sixteen sexually active college women (aged 20-22 years) were recruited via purposive and snow-ball sampling in Southern Taiwan. Every participant underwent an in-depth interview which was audio-recorded and fully transcribed. Analysis of the interview material was inductive and followed a thematic analysis approach. Procedures to confirm confidentiality, credibility and consistency were considered. This article provides an insight into the college women's experiences in the obstacles to and striving towards breakthroughs of human papillomavirus-related cervical cancer prevention. The obstacles include inadequate health literacy, financial difficulty, negative medical experiences and gender myths. The striving towards breakthroughs consists in self-protection and knowledge support. College women experience difficulties with human papillomavirus-related cervical cancer prevention. They desire to have a publicly funded human papillomavirus immunisation programme, friendly medical environments, sufficient knowledge and open-minded society to maintain their health. Such reflection information is helpful to design effective human papillomavirus-related cervical cancer prevention campaigns. Young women do not know how to protect against human papillomavirus infection, although human papillomavirus-related cervical cancer prevention methods are definite. This study provides useful information for health care professionals to assess the intervention education and health care to develop a thorough human papillomavirus-related cervical cancer programme. To have control of human papillomavirus-related cervical cancer for young women, personal health care management, prophylactic medicine and Pap tests should be integrated into human papillomavirus-related cervical cancer campaigns.

The human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, HPV related diseases and cervical cancer in the post-reproductive years

Prophylactic HPV vaccines have demonstrated high efficacy against a range of HPV related diseases. They have been widely adopted as population health interventions in many jurisdictions and their routine use has been endorsed by the WHO. The development of these vaccines comes after an increased understanding of the natural history and epidemiology of HPV infection and disease in both males and females. Persistent HPV infection with oncogenic types induces malignant transformation in a range of epithelia including the cervix, anogenital regions, the penis and a number of head and neck sites. In relation to HPV disease prevention in the post-reproductive years, most infections occur soon after commencement of sexual activity but new infections do occur throughout the age spectrum. This reduces the likely impact of prophylactic vaccines in this population. The major impact on HPV related disease in this age group will come from advances in screening and early detection of HPV and neoplastic precursors. The most appropriate prevention for any individual man or women in this age group will be an individualised combination of vaccination, screening and early detection depending on the individual's own circumstances.

MBL2 gene polymorphisms are correlated with high-risk human papillomavirus infection but not with human papillomavirus–related cervical cancer

We investigated whether there is a correlation between MBL2 polymorphisms and the host susceptibility to human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and cancer development. Toward this end, we analyzed MBL2 exon 1 polymorphisms in 172 women infected by strains of HPV that are associated with high-risk of cervical cancer development (or “high-risk” HPV infection), 105 of whom had HPV-related squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix (SCC), as well as 105 women not infected by HPV. We demonstrated an association of MBL2 polymorphisms with high-risk HPV infection in women without SCC who showed increased presence of the mutant MBL2 0 allele and 0/0 genotype as compared with women with SCC and healthy controls. No correlation with MBL2 polymorphisms was found in women who developed cancer. Therefore we propose that MBL2 polymorphisms responsible for defective production of mannose binding lectin (MBL) protein play a role in the increased susceptibility to high-risk HPV infection but not to cervical cancer onset and development.

Detection of HPV in different subtypes of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)

22098 Background: Human Papillomavirus (HPV) causes neoplasia. The prevalence of HPV in NSCLC has been reported between 1–30%, demonstrating a big difference between studies. The incident rates of NSCLC and HPV related cervical cancer in Kentucky are among the highest in the US. Recently p53 mutation due to HPV was reported in NSCLC. We conducted this study to evaluate the association of HPV with clinical features of NSCLC. Methods: We obtained tissue samples from 16 patients with NSCLC. Formalin fixed paraffin embedded blocks were examined using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) sequencing using MY 09/11 and GP 5/6 primers sets. To detect HPV DNAs in extracted total DNA, PCR was carried out using platinum tagged polymerase and a set of degenerate primers capable of binding DNAs of 23 mucosotrophic HPVs, including HPV-6, 11, 16 and 18. Beta-globin separately amplified using a set of primers specific to beta-globin to measure the presence of sufficient DNA as quality control. PCR products were gel purified a...

HLA B*1301 and B*1801 Alleles are Positively Associated with HPV Related Cervical Cancer in Women from Kolkata, Eastern India

The incidence of cervical cancer is high in Indian women. Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is known to be the major risk factor for cervical cancer. Further both viral and host genetic factors have been postulated as important determinants. In the present study 31 suspected Indian women were analyzed molecularly for their HPV infection status, cervical cancer and HLA A, B and Cw allele associations. Among the 13 HPV-16 positive women the HLA analysis revealed a positive association for B*1301 and B*1801 alleles and a negative association with B*4006 in the six cervical cancer patients compared with seven histopathologically normal controls. Our study is the first report towards HPV related cervical cancer in Indian women which suggests that HPV type and HLA allele associations are population dependent.