Human Papillomavirus Research Articles

Histopathological Prognostic Factors of Surgically Treated HPV-Associated Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Human papilloma virus (HPV)-positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) is rising in prevalence and is associated with better survival than HPV-negative OPSCC. In surgically treated HPV-negative OPSCCs, adverse pathologic features such as positive surgical margins, extra-nodal extension (ENE) and perineural invasion are well described to portend worse clinical outcomes. These adverse pathological features, however, are not validated prognostic markers among surgically treated HPV-positive OPSCCs. To that end, we pooled all available evidence to address the prognostic significance of these histologic features. This meta-analysis was performed according to PRISMA guidelines. PubMed, Web of Science and Embase databases were systematically searched for articles evaluating 13 known adverse histopathological prognostic factors of surgically treated HPV-associated OPSCC. Data analysis was done using R v4.0.5. A total of 32 studies (n = 31,535) fulfilled the inclusion criteria. ENE and advanced pT stage were associated with poorer overall survival (OS) [hazard ratio (HR):1.80, 95% confidence interval (CI) [1.59-2.03], p < 0.0001, HR: 3.28, 95% CI [2.20-4.87], p = 0.0025]; disease-specific survival (DSS) (HR: 3.14, 95% CI [1.20-8.26], p = 0.0327, HR: 3.49, 95% CI [2.45-4.96], p = 0.0043) and disease-free survival (DFS) (HR: 2.03, 95% CI [1.05-3.94], p = 0.0397, HR: 3.66, 95% CI [2.81-4.77], p = 0.0001) respectively. The presence of lymphovascular invasion (HR: 1.46, 95% CI [1.22-1.75], p = 0.0018) and positive margins (HR: 1.50, 95% CI [1.185-1.899], p = 0.0069) significantly worsen OS. ENE, advanced pT stage, positive margins and lymphovascular invasion were adverse histologic prognostic marker among surgically treated HPV-positive OPSCC. The presence of these factors should be carefully evaluated in order to select the optimal patients for surgical treatment.

Human papillomavirus-based cervical screening and long-term cervical cancer risk: a randomised health-care policy trial in Sweden.

Human papillomavirus (HPV)-based cervical screening is a globally recommended public health policy. Randomised clinical trials find superior performance of primary HPV-based screening compared with cytology for preventing cervical cancer. However, additional evidence from real-world public health policies is needed. In preplanned secondary analysis of a randomised health-care policy trial in Sweden we aimed to evaluate which policy provided better protection against invasive cervical cancer, after two full rounds of screening. The organised cervical screening programme in the capital region of Sweden invited all women aged 30-64 years and eligible for screening to a randomised health-care policy trial of HPV-based versus cytology-based screening. During 2014-16, 395 725 eligible women were randomly assigned (non-concealed) to either policy and the invasive cervical cancer incidences over 8 years of follow-up were compared. Intention-to-screen analyses included all invited women and per-protocol analyses the women that attended baseline screening according to protocol. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01511328. Women invited to HPV-based cervical screening had a 17% lower invasive cervical cancer risk compared with women invited to cytology (hazard ratio [HR] 0·83, 95% CI 0·70-0·98). Women participating in HPV-based screening had a 28% lower invasive cervical cancer risk compared with women participating with cytology (HR 0·72, 95% CI 0·54-0·95). Adverse events were a higher number of referrals to colposcopy with biopsy in the HPV policy (15 832 [7·5%] of 212 199 in intention to screen analyses and 9968 [9·0%] of 110 176 per protocol at baseline) than in the cytology policy (12 650 [6·9%] of 183 120 in intention to screen analyses, and 7179 [7·9%] of 90 821 per protocol at baseline). Women who were HPV-negative at baseline had invasive cervical cancer risks of 1·3 (95% CI 0·6-2·4) per 100 000 person-years, whereas the risk for women with normal cytology was 9·1 (6·7-11·8) per 100 000 person-years. HPV-positive women with negative cytology triage had invasive cervical cancer risks of 79·2 per 100 000 person-years and HPV 16 or HPV 18-positive women with negative cytology triage had risks of 318·2 per 100 000 person-years. This randomised policy trial found HPV-based screening to be superior for preventing invasive cervical cancer in the real-world setting. A single baseline HPV-negative test was associated with a very low invasive cervical cancer risk after 8 years. However, HPV positivity with negative cytology triage was associated with high invasive cervical cancer risks. Region Stockholm, Swedish Cancer Society, and European Union Horizon 2020.

The dietary inflammatory index (DII®) and human papillomavirus infection: a cross-sectional study of US women

BackgroundDiet may influence susceptibility of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection by affecting inflammation and immunity. However, the association between HPV infection and the inflammatory potential of diet has not been investigated. The research aimed to examine the correlation between HPV status and the dietary inflammatory index (DII®).MethodsWe utilized data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003–2016 to investigate the correlation between DII and HPV status among 9,256 women aged 18–59 years. DII scores were calculated based on 24-hour dietary recall interviews. The association between HPV status and DII was analyzed using weighted logistic regression and restricted cubic spline (RCS).ResultsWomen with HPV infection exhibited higher DII scores than those without HPV infection. An increased likelihood of HPV infection was found to be significantly associated with higher DII scores (OR = 1.05, 95% CI: 1.01–1.09, P = 0.021), after full multivariate adjustment. Compared with the lowest tertile of DII scores, the ORs (95% CIs) for HPV infection were 1.20 (1.01, 1.42) and 1.27 (1.07, 1.51) for the second and third tertiles, respectively (P for trend = 0.006). RCS analysis showed a U-shaped relationship between DII and HPV infection, with a breakpoint identified at 0.13.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that a pro-inflammatory diet is associated with an increased likelihood of HPV infection among women in the United States. Dietary interventions to reduce inflammation may help prevent HPV infection and related diseases.

The effect of intermittent preventive treatment for malaria with dihydroartemisinin–piperaquine on vaccine-specific responses among schoolchildren in rural Uganda (POPVAC B): a double-blind, randomised controlled trial

Several important vaccines differ in immunogenicity and efficacy between populations. We hypothesised that malaria suppresses responses to unrelated vaccines and that this effect can be reversed-at least partially-by monthly malaria intermittent preventive treatment (IPT) in high-transmission settings. We conducted an individually randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of the effect of malaria IPT with dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine on vaccine responses among schoolchildren aged 9-17 years in Jinja district, Uganda. Participants were recruited from two schools and did not have exposure to vaccines of interest after the age of 5 years, with the exception of human papillomavirus (HPV). Computer-generated 1:1 randomisation was implemented in REDCap. 3-day courses of dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (dosage by weight) or placebo were administered monthly, including twice before the first vaccination. Trial participants were vaccinated with the live parenteral BCG vaccine (Serum Institute of India, Pune, India) at week 0; yellow fever vaccine (YF-17D; Sanofi Pasteur, Lyon, France); live oral typhoid vaccine (Ty21a; PaxVax, London, UK), and quadrivalent virus-like particle HPV vaccine (Merck, Rahway, NJ, USA) at week 4; and toxoid vaccines (tetanus-diphtheria; Serum Institute of India) and an HPV booster at week 28. An additional HPV vaccination at week 8 was provided to female participants older than 14 years who had not previously been vaccinated, and a tetanus-diphtheria booster was given after completion of the trial at week 52. Primary outcomes were vaccine responses at week 8 and, for tetanus-diphtheria, at week 52, and analysis was done in the intention-to-treat population. Malaria parasite prevalence at enrolment and during follow-up was determined retrospectively by PCR. The safety population comprised all randomly allocated participants. The trial was registered at the ISRCTN Registry (ISRCTN62041885) and is complete. Between May 25 and July 14, 2021, we assessed 388 potential participants for eligibility. We enrolled and randomly allocated 341 participants to the two groups (170 [50%] to dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine and 171 [50%] to placebo); 192 (56%) were female and 149 (44%) participants were male. 145 (85%) participants in the dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine group and 140 participants (82%) in the placebo group were followed up until the week 52 endpoint. At enrolment, 109 (64%) of all participants in the dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine group and 99 (58%) of 170 participants in the placebo group had malaria; this reduced to 6% or lower at all follow-up visits in the dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine group. There was no effect of dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine versus placebo on primary outcomes: BCG-specific IFNγ ELISpot response had a geometric mean ratio (GMR) of 1·09 (95% CI 0·93-1·29), p=0·28; yellow fever neutralising antibody was 1·19 (0·91-1·54), p=0·20 for plaque reduction neutralising reference tests (PRNT50) titres (the reciprocal of the last plasma dilution that reduced by 50%) and 1·24 (0·97-1·58), p=0·09 for PRNT90 titres (reciprocal of the last plasma dilution that reduced by 90%); and IgG to Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi O-lipopolysaccharide was 1·09 (0·81-1·46), p=0·58, HPV-16 was 0·72 (0·44-1·77), p=0·19, HPV-18 was 0·71 (0·47-1·09), p=0·11; tetanus toxoid was 1·22 (0·91-1·62), p=0·18, and diphtheria toxoid was 0·97 (0·83-1·13), p=0·72. There was some evidence that dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine reduced waning of the yellow fever response. IPT for malaria with dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine did not improve peak vaccine responses, despite reducing malaria prevalence. Possible longer-term effects on response waning should be further explored. UK Medical Research Council. For the Luganda translation of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section.

The effect of BCG revaccination on the response to unrelated vaccines in urban Ugandan adolescents (POPVAC C): an open-label, randomised controlled trial

Immune responses induced by several important vaccines differ between populations, with reduced responses in low-income and rural settings compared with high-income and urban settings. BCG immunisation boosts immune responses to some unrelated vaccines in high-income populations. We aimed to test the hypothesis that BCG revaccination can enhance responses to unrelated vaccines in Ugandan schoolchildren. We conducted an open-label, randomised controlled trial to compare the effects of BCG revaccination versus no BCG revaccination on the immunogenicity of subsequent unrelated vaccines among adolescents aged 13-17 years who are participants in an urban Ugandan birth cohort study, in which BCG vaccination was documented at birth. Participants were excluded if they had received any of the trial vaccines or related agents when aged 5 years or older. Computer-generated 1:1 randomisation was implemented in REDCap. Participants were excluded if they were concurrently enrolled in other trials; had a clinically significant history of immunodeficiency, or serious psychiatric conditions or moderate to severe acute illnesses; were taking immunosuppressive medications; had allergies to vaccine components, a predisposition towards developing keloid scarring; positive HIV tests or pregnancy tests; were female participants who were lactating; or if they planned to use investigational drugs, vaccines, blood products, or any combination thereof. Trial participants assigned to the BCG revaccination group received the live parenteral BCG-Russia vaccine (Serum Institute of India, Pune, India; 0·1 mL intradermally, right upper arm) at week 0. All participants received yellow fever vaccine (YF-17D; Sanofi Pasteur, Lyon, France; 0·5 mL intramuscularly, left upper arm), live oral typhoid vaccine (Ty21a; PaxVax, London, UK; one capsule per day taken for three alternate days), and quadrivalent virus-like particle human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine (Merck, Rahway, NJ, USA; 0·5 mL intramuscularly, left upper arm) at week 4; and toxoid vaccines (tetanus-diphtheria; Serum Institute of India; 0·5 mL intramuscularly, left upper arm) and an HPV booster at week 28. An additional HPV vaccination at week 8 was provided to female participants older than 14 years who had not previously been vaccinated. The primary outcomes were yellow fever neutralising antibody titres at 4 weeks post-YF-17D vaccination, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (henceforth S Typhi) O-lipopolysaccharide (O:LPS)-specific IgG concentration at 4 weeks post-Ty21a vaccination, and HPV-16 and HPV-18 L1 protein-specific IgG concentration at 4 weeks post-HPV vaccination. Primary outcome assays were conducted at week 8, and at week 52 for tetanus-diphtheria. We conducted an intention-to-treat analysis comparing log-transformed outcomes between trial groups, with results back-transformed to geometric mean ratios (GMRs). The safety population comprised all randomly allocated participants. The trial was registered at the ISRCTN Registry (ISRCTN10482904) and is complete. Between Aug 31 and Oct 12, 2020, we screened 376 potential participants for eligibility. We enrolled and randomly allocated 300 participants to the two groups (151 [50%] to the BCG group and 149 [50%] to the no BCG group). 178 (59%) of 300 participants were male and 122 (41%) were female. 142 (91%) of 151 participants in the BCG group and 139 (93%) of 149 in the no BCG group completed follow-up. There was no effect of BCG revaccination, compared with no BCG revaccination, on the response observed for any vaccine. Yellow fever plaque reduction neutralising reference tests (PRNT50) titres (the reciprocal of the last plasma dilution that reduced by 50%) had a GMR of 0·95 (95% CI 0·75-1·19; p=0·62) and PRNT90 (reciprocal of the last plasma dilution that reduced by 90%) had a GMR of 0·94 (0·74-1·19; p=0·60); IgG to S Typhi O:LPS was 0·99 (0·80-1·23; p=0·94); IgG to HPV-16 was 0·97 (0·69-1·35; p=0·85) and to HPV-18 was 1·03 (0·76-1·40; p=0·83); and toxoid-specific IgG for tetanus was 1·13 (0·87-1·47; p=0·36) and was 1·00 (0·87-1·16; p=0·97) for diphtheria. There were no serious adverse events in either group. We found no evidence that BCG revaccination is an effective strategy to improve immunogenicity of other vaccines in this low-income, urban setting. UK Medical Research Council. For the Luganda translation of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section.

Human papillomavirus and time to cervical cancer development among active-duty service women

Human papillomavirus and time to cervical cancer development among active-duty service women

Non-AIDS defining cancers in HIV-infected individuals: a concise review

Non-acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-defining cancers (NADCs) present a growing concern in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals, impacting morbidity and mortality rates. This paper synthesizes current epidemiological data and explores the multifaceted relationship between HIV infection and NADC risk. Epidemiological studies indicate a shifting landscape of cancer incidence among HIV-infected populations, with a notable rise in NADCs over recent decades. Factors such as prolonged life expectancy due to effective antiretroviral therapy (ART) and aging of the HIV-infected population contribute to this trend. Despite the overall decline in AIDS-defining cancers, NADCs have emerged as a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in HIV-infected individuals. Immunodeficiency, chronic inflammation, and oncogenic viral co-infections, such as human papillomavirus and hepatitis C virus, compound the risk of developing NADCs. Diagnostic challenges persist, with delayed detection and suboptimal management contributing to poor outcomes. Treatment modalities for NADCs in HIV-infected individuals require careful consideration, balancing cancer-directed therapy with potential interactions with ART and immune reconstitution. Prevention strategies, including cancer screening and lifestyle modifications, are crucial in mitigating the burden of NADCs in this population. As the landscape of HIV care continues to evolve, understanding the epidemiology and clinical characteristics of NADCs is imperative for optimizing clinical management and improving outcomes in HIV-infected individuals.

Sexually transmitted infections in the middle east and North Africa: comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis

BackgroundGlobally, sexually transmitted infections (STIs) collectively cause 2.3 million deaths and 1.2 million cases of cancer annually. However, the epidemiology of STIs in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) is not well assessed because of various social and cultural factors.MethodsA systematic review was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines and covering 23 MENA countries, 19 STIs, and data from 20,435,971 participants. PubMed, Embase, regional and international databases, and country-level reports were searched up to May 2024.ResultsThe analysis revealed significant regional variations in the prevalence of STIs within the MENA region. In North Africa, the most common STIs were bacterial vaginosis (31%), human papillomavirus (HPV, 23%), and Candida spp. (15%). In the Gulf Cooperation Council region and Yemen, Ureaplasma (25%), nongonococcal urethritis (NGU, 16%), and Mycoplasma spp. (12%) were the predominant infections. In the Levant region, the top STIs were HPV (20%), hepatitis B virus (HBV, 9%), and Candida spp. (9%). In Iran, Ureaplasma spp. (18%), HPV (17%), and cytomegalovirus (8%) were the most prevalent infections, whereas Ureaplasma spp. (20%), Candida spp. (18%), and HPV (16%) were most frequently detected in Türkiye. Gender-based disparities were observed, with a higher prevalence of Ureaplasma spp., Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and herpes in men and higher rates of Mycoplasma spp., HPV, HBV, and Candida spp. in women. Overall, high rates of nongonococcal urethritis (16.3%), Ureaplasma spp. (13.7%), HPV (12.7%), and Candida spp. (9.4%) were recorded in the MENA region.ConclusionsMost MENA countries lack national STI screening programs, and the reported data are primarily from symptomatic individuals. Establishing robust surveillance systems, addressing stigma and barriers to healthcare access, and expanding STIs screening and vaccination programs are crucial for accurately capturing the true burden of STIs in MENA countries.

The effect of intensive praziquantel administration on vaccine-specific responses among schoolchildren in Ugandan schistosomiasis-endemic islands (POPVAC A): an open-label, randomised controlled trial

Vaccine responses differ between populations and are often impaired in rural and low-income settings. The reasons for this are not fully understood, but observational data suggest that the immunomodulating effects of parasitic helminths might contribute. We hypothesised that Schistosoma mansoni infection suppresses responses to unrelated vaccines, and that suppression could be reversed-at least in part-by intensive praziquantel administration. We conducted an open-label, randomised controlled trial of intensive versus standard intervention against S mansoni among schoolchildren aged 9-17 years from eight primary schools in Koome islands, Uganda. Children were randomly allocated to either an intensive group or a standard group with a computer-generated 1:1 randomisation using permuted blocks sizes 4, 6, 8, and 10. Participants in the intensive group received three praziquantel doses (approximately 40 mg/kg) 2 weeks apart before first vaccination at week 0, and every 3 months thereafter. Participants in the standard group were given one dose of approximately 40 mg/kg praziquantel after the week 8 primary endpoint. Participants in both groups received the BCG vaccine (Serum Institute of India, Pune, India) at week 0; the yellow fever (Sanofi Pasteur, Lyon, France), oral typhoid (PaxVax, London, UK), and first human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination (Merck, Rahway, NJ, USA) at week 4; and the HPV booster and tetanus-diphtheria vaccine (Serum Institute of India) at week 28. The primary outcome was vaccine response at week 8 (except for tetanus and diphtheria, which was assessed at week 52). The primary analysis population was participants who were infected with S mansoni at baseline, determined retrospectively using either plasma circulating anodic antigen (CAA) or stool PCR. The safety population comprised all randomly allocated participants. The trial was registered at the ISRCTN Registry (ISRCTN60517191) and is complete. Between July 9 and Aug 14, 2019, we enrolled 478 participants, with 239 children per group. 276 (58%) participants were male and 202 (42%) participants were female. Among participants who were positive for S mansoni at baseline (171 [72%] in the intensive group and 164 [69%] in the standard group) intensive praziquantel administration significantly reduced pre-vaccination infection intensity (to median 30 CAA pg/mL [IQR 7-223] vs 1317 [243-8562], p<0·001) compared with standard treatment. Intensive praziquantel administration also reduced week 8 HPV-16-specific IgG response (geometric mean ratio 0·71 [95% CI 0·54-0·94], p=0·017), but had no effect on other primary outcomes. Among all participants (regardless of S mansoni status at baseline) intensive praziquantel administration significantly improved week 8 BCG-specific IFNγ ELISpot response (1·20 [1·01-1·43], p=0·038). Recognised adverse effects of praziquantel were reported more frequently in the intensive group. There were no recorded serious adverse events in either group. We show evidence suggesting that praziquantel administration improves the BCG-specific cellular response, but not humoral responses to other vaccines. Despite observational evidence that helminths impair vaccine response, these results show minimal immediate benefits of reducing helminth burden. The effect of longer-term helminth control should be investigated. UK Medical Research Council. For the Luganda translation of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section.

Schistosome and malaria exposure and urban–rural differences in vaccine responses in Uganda: a causal mediation analysis using data from three linked randomised controlled trials

Vaccine immunogenicity and effectiveness vary geographically. Chronic immunomodulating parasitic infections including schistosomes and malaria have been hypothesised to be mediators of geographical variations. We compared vaccine-specific immune responses between three Ugandan settings (schistosome-endemic rural, malaria-endemic rural, and urban) and did causal mediation analysis to assess the role of Schistosoma mansoni and malaria exposure in observed differences. We used data from the control groups of three linked randomised trials investigating the effects of intensive parasite treatment among schoolchildren. All participants received the BCG vaccine (week 0); yellow fever (YF-17D), oral typhoid (Ty21a), human papillomavirus (HPV; week 4); and HPV booster and tetanus-diphtheria (week 28). Primary outcomes were vaccine responses at week 8 and, for tetanus-diphtheria, week 52. We estimated the total effect (TE) of setting on vaccine responses and natural indirect effect (NIE) mediated through current or previous infection with S mansoni or malaria, and baseline vaccine-specific responses. We included 239 (43%) participants from the schistosomiasis-endemic setting, 171 (30%) from the malaria-endemic setting, and 151 (27%) from the urban setting. At week 8, vaccine responses were lower in rural settings: schistosomiasis-endemic versus urban settings (TE geometric mean ratio for YF-17D plaque reduction neutralisation at 50% (PRNT50) titres 0·58 [95% CI 0·37 to 0·91], for S Typhi O-lipopolysaccharide-specific IgG 0·61 [0·40 to 0·93], and for tetanus-specific IgG 0·33 [0·22 to 0·51]); malaria-endemic versus urban settings (YF-17D 0·70 [0·49 to 0·99], S Typhi O-lipopolysaccharide-specific IgG 0·29 [0·20 to 0·43], and tetanus-specific IgG 0·53 [-0·35 to 0·80]). However, we found higher BCG-specific IFNγ responses in the malaria-endemic versus urban setting (1·54 [1·20 to 1·98]). The estimated NIEs of setting on vaccine responses mediated through previous and current S mansoni and malaria were not statistically significant. For malaria-endemic versus urban settings, baseline vaccine-specific responses contributed to some but not all differences: S Typhi O-lipopolysaccharide-specific IgG at week 8 (57.9% mediated [38·6 to 77·2]) and week 52 (70·0% mediated [49·4 to 90·6]) and BCG at week 52 (46.4% mediated [-4·8 to 97·7]). We found significant variation in vaccine response between urban and rural settings but could not confirm a causal role for schistosome or malaria exposure. Other exposures require consideration. UK Medical Research Council.

Investigation of the Efficacy of Nowarta110 in the Treatment of HPV-16 and HPV-18 Oncogenically-transformed Human Cells and Cancer-implanted Animal Models.

Cervical cancer is the third leading cause of cancer-related death in women worldwide. Nearly all cases of cervical cancer are due to infection with human papillomavirus (HPV). Nowata110 has shown breakthrough therapeutic efficacy in phase II clinical study against plantar warts, with no reported side effects. This study evaluated the effectiveness of Nowarta110 in killing cultured HPV-transformed cancer cells and its anti-cancer effects in mice, using both vaginally engrafted and subcutaneously implanted animal cancer models. Nowata110 is a novel compound composed of colloidal silver and fig extract. The cytotoxic properties of Nowarta110 were evaluated on HPV-16 and HPV-18-transformed human cancer cells (ARPE-19/HPV-16 and HeLa cells, respectively). The therapeutic potential of Nowarta110 in vivo was evaluated following the engraftment of ME-180 epidermoid carcinoma cells in the mouse vagina or their subcutaneous implantation. Nowarta110 treatment was initiated when the tumor reached an approximate volume of 65 mm3 Results: Our data showed that HPV16-expressing human retinal pigmented epithelial cells are susceptible to Nowarta110-induced cell death, with a reduction in cell viability observed at 1% Nowarta110 and a complete absence of viable cells at 5% Nowarta110. In HPV18-expressing HeLa cells, Nowarta110 caused significant and rapid cell death at a dose of 5%, whereas lower doses of 1% did not produce the same effects. The results from animal studies indicated that Nowarta110 effectively induced tumor regression in both the intravaginal and subcutaneous tumor models. Nowarta110 effectively induced cell death in HPV-16 and HPV-18-transformed human cancer cells. It also effectively induced tumor regression in mouse models with intravaginally engrafted or subcutaneously implanted cancer cells. Considering the high prevalence of HPV-induced cervical dysplasia and cancer and the lack of treatment, clinical studies to promote the implementation of Nowarta110 are warranted.

Buschke-Löwenstein Tumor (BLT): Successful Treatment of Human Papillomavirus (HPV)-Associated Squamous Cell Carcinoma With Radical Surgery and Chemotherapy

Buschke-Löwenstein Tumor (BLT): Successful Treatment of Human Papillomavirus (HPV)-Associated Squamous Cell Carcinoma With Radical Surgery and Chemotherapy

Disparities in contemporary human papillomavirus vaccination (HPV) uptake: An All of Us research program study

Disparities in contemporary human papillomavirus vaccination (HPV) uptake: An All of Us research program study

Characterization of “high risk other” human papillomavirus genotypes

Characterization of “high risk other” human papillomavirus genotypes

Current trends in high-risk human papillomavirus types and association with age and race/ethnicity in an inner-city population

Current trends in high-risk human papillomavirus types and association with age and race/ethnicity in an inner-city population

Skin cancer incidence in Mexican renal transplant recipients: a cohort over 56 years.

Skin cancer is a primary health concern in renal transplant recipients (RTRs). Existing research mainly stems from North America, Europe, and Australia, with limited data from Latin America. This 56-year (1967-2023) retrospective cohort study explores skin cancer incidence in Mexican RTRs. Our objective was to assess the long-term incidence of malignant cutaneous neoplasms in Mexican RTRs. Over 56 years, 1642 RTRs (58% male) were studied. Median follow-up was 8.4 years; median age at transplantation was 32.6 years. Skin cancer incidence was 6.6% (95% CI: 5.5-7.9), with an incidence density rate of 6.5 (95% CI: 5.4-7.9) per 1000 person-years and a median latency of 9.8 years. Incidence increased with longer transplantation-related immunosuppression (TRI), with a relative risk for >30 years of TRI of 4.8 (95% CI: 2.6-9.1) for any skin cancer and 7.5 (95% CI: 3.8-14.6) for squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). SCC was the most common malignancy (76.1%), followed by basal cell carcinomas (BCC), with a 3.6:1 ratio. Metastatic SCC occurred in 6.5% of skin cancer patients, with a skin cancer-related mortality rate of 2.7%. Limitations of the study include its single-center and retrospective design and unassessed factors such as human papillomavirus infection and sun exposure. Our study provides unique insights into the epidemiology of skin cancer among Mexican RTRs. It constitutes the largest cohort of skin cancer cases among RTRs in Mexico and, to our knowledge, in Latin America. Despite the lack of recognition of a high skin cancer incidence in non-White RTRs, our 6.6% incidence underscores the need to enhance surveillance programs.

Questionnaire survey on cervical cancer screening and human papillomavirus awareness among patients at a local cancer center in Japan

Questionnaire survey on cervical cancer screening and human papillomavirus awareness among patients at a local cancer center in Japan

Factors associated with human papillomavirus vaccination: Determining the effect of implicit and explicit racial bias and state laws around vaccination

Factors associated with human papillomavirus vaccination: Determining the effect of implicit and explicit racial bias and state laws around vaccination

Human papillomavirus prevalence and genotype distribution and prognostic factors in vaginal cancer

Human papillomavirus prevalence and genotype distribution and prognostic factors in vaginal cancer

Evolution of public interest in the human papillomavirus vaccine: Is the message getting across?

Evolution of public interest in the human papillomavirus vaccine: Is the message getting across?