Reliability Of Human Operator Research Articles

Оптимизация системы «человек–машина–среда»: оценка надежности человека-оператора

This article highlights the need to take into account the human component when solving optimization problems in the “man-machine-environment” system. However, currently there are no methods for quantifying the human operator reliability in such systems. An approach for assessing the human operator reliability is proposed. The mathematical apparatus for describing the human operator reliability in the ergatic system based on the Markov theory of random state transitions described by a polynomial system of differential equations for each human operation in the system in a theoretical form is presented. The implementation of this mathematical apparatus assumes the availability of statistical and experimental data on the failure rates and restoration of its productivity. The possibility of the designer to assess the final probability of the human operator of the ergatic environmental control system for one of the most critical operations (to achieve the final goal) in the absence of statistical (experimental) data by analogy with the “weak” link in the technical system is justified. The methodological solution for assessing the human operator reliability in an ergatic control system based on experimental data using the example of a manual trigger of a fire alarm system, based on the expression of a standard pointer in the form of a readiness factor of technical products is shown. The experiment was conducted on a stand assembled from commercially available products, simulating a fire alarm device. In the article the experimental research results by four age groups and their statistical processing are presented.

Оценка надежности человека-оператора в эргатических системах контроля и защиты объектов окружающей среды

In the article the need to take into account the ergonomic component (i.e. human operator) of the ergatic system is proved. Methodological approach for assessing the human operator reliability in an ergatic control system based on experimental data using the example of a manual trigger of a fire alarm system, based on the expression of a standard pointer in the form of a readiness factor of technical products is proposed. The experimental research results and their statistical processing: the approximation of empirical data by the method of correlation-regression analysis and an assessment of the adequacy of the approximation of the experimental results using the Fisher's goodness-of-fit test are presented.

Моделирование надежности человека-оператора эргатической системы контроля природной среды и защиты взрывопожароопасных объектов

Моделирование надежности человека-оператора эргатической системы контроля природной среды и защиты взрывопожароопасных объектов

Surveillance system with motion and face detection using histograms of oriented gradients

<span>With the rapidly increasing crime rate in recent years, community safety issues aroused a wide concern among public community. Various security technologies had been invented and carried out, for example password door lock, alarm system, and closed-circuit televisions (CCTVs). Although the installation of CCTVs is common in most premises, they require extensive man power to manually monitor the videos. Moreover, the reliability of human operator greatly deteriorates when they are in fatigue condition. In view of this, our project aims to develop an automated computer vision based surveillance system. Unlike ordinary CCTV system that requires human operator to manually observe and detect intruder, a computer vision based surveillance system automatically monitor the security of premises and trigger actions once an intrusion is detected. Basically, it is a simple surveillance camera system that will be setup at the entrance of the house. The reliability is being enhanced by applying the motion detection and face recognition algorithm, using histogram of oriented gradients that could detect the existence of people at the main entrance and try to validate the user. Apart from recognizing the user, the propose system also support mobile interaction whereby user can monitor the camera, activate alarm, and even received notification when a stranger was being detected at the entrance of the house. By including such functionalities, proposed system had highly surpassed the existing surveillance system by not only support monitoring, but also try to recognize the people and inform the user at the exact moment when stranger detected, so that user could take immediate action about it, for example activating the alarm or report to police. The project was executed with expected outcome and objectives had been accomplished.</span>

Eliminating pain-induced risks of operator reliability via transcutaneous electroneurostimulation controlled by Patient's breathing

The negative aspect of interactions in the man-machine systems is the formation of professional pain syndromes and musculoskeletal disorders that reduce the reliability of human operator and require prompt treatment. The paper analyzes the possibility of using the positive aspect of bidirectional human-machine interaction for such treatment. In particular, the approach to analgesic electroneurostimulation is proposed in which the interaction between the patient and the medical device is mediated through feedback signals from the patient's breathing rate. It provides automatic control of the parameters of the stimulating current in accordance with own physiological rhythm of the patient. Positive results of pilot testing of the technology in the conditions close to clinical are presented.

Modeling of the human operator reliability with the aid of the Sugeno fuzzy knowledge base

Whenever a problem to predict and ensure reliability of human-machine systems is posed, regression models are usually applied to evaluate the influence of different factors on faultlessness, exactitude, operating speed, and other characteristics of the operator performance. The Sugeno fuzzy knowledge bases are proposed to model multi-factor relations of reliability. It is shown that this approach allows to combine expert knowledge and analytical relations of the parametric reliability theory in operator activity models. The expert component of a model provides with a comprehensive interpretation, while analytical input-output relations make a model compact. Appropriate examples are presented to demonstrate advantages of the Sugeno knowledge base application to describe multi-factor reliability relations of human operator.

Chronobiologie de la vigilance Approche d'application dans le domaine de la sécurité routière

Chronobiology is the study of biological rhythms, including those of alertness and performance. Neurophysiologists define alertness in terms of levels of activation of the nervous system which is subject to circadian, ultradian and circasemidian variations during the nycthemeron. Study of the rhythm of human alertness has shown that episodes of low alertness occur at foreseeable times of the day. Human error caused by reduced alertness while driving is one of the main causes of road traffic accidents, which exhibit a rhythm with a periodicity of 24 hours with peaks and troughs at fixed times. The highest risks coincide with the lowest levels of alertness, and these occur in the mid-afternoon, late at night, and early in the morning. These times of day are compatible with the circadian pattern of sleepiness. The main factors that increase the likelihood of accidents are sleep disturbances, alcohol ingestion and the taking of psychotropic drugs. Chronobiological data can be used to improve safety if it provides solutions that adapt working hours to circadian variations and the functional capacities of the human operator. Determining the times when human operator performance is at its best and making working hours compatible with them provides a means of improving the human operator's reliability and therefore reduces accident risk. This paper begins with a literature survey concerning the concepts of the chronobiology of alertness and performance, and stresses the potential and limits of the recommended measures for detecting and preventing low driver alertness. It then proposes a methodological approach for applying the chronobiology of alertness in the area of road transport safety, which is based seven complementary stages.

An integrated approach to human reliability analysis — decision analytic dynamic reliability model

Abstract The reliability of human operators in process control is sensitive to the context. In many contemporary human reliability analysis (HRA) methods, this is not sufficiently taken into account. The aim of this article is that integration between probabilistic and psychological approaches in human reliability should be attempted. This is achieved first, by adopting such methods that adequately reflect the essential features of the process control activity, and secondly, by carrying out an interactive HRA process. Description of the activity context, probabilistic modeling, and psychological analysis form an iterative interdisciplinary sequence of analysis in which the results of one sub-task maybe input to another. The analysis of the context is carried out first with the help of a common set of conceptual tools. The resulting descriptions of the context promote the probabilistic modeling, through which new results regarding the probabilistic dynamics can be achieved. These can be incorporated in the context descriptions used as reference in the psychological analysis of actual performance. The results also provide new knowledge of the constraints of activity, by providing information of the premises of the operator’s actions. Finally, the stochastic marked point process model gives a tool, by which psychological methodology may be interpreted and utilized for reliability analysis.

Task and reliability analysis of lathe operation

AbstractAs machine tools have become larger, faster, and more automated, the role of the machinist has changed from a primary operator to a system monitor, who is further removed from the machining process. Estimation of system reliability must still consider the human monitor as an integral component, hut human failure estimates are harder to make as the operator is further removed from direct system control. To illustrate system reliability analysis for specific machining tasks, the reliability of both manual and computer‐numerical controlled (CNC) lathe operation tasks were evaluated. A task analysis was initially completed, detailing common failure modes in each subtask. Using the Technique for Human Error Prediction (THERP), human operator reliability was estimated at 0.90 for a 30‐element manual task, and 0.95 for an 18‐element CNC task. These estimates were considered acceptable for nonproduction work. Further decreases in reliability in the CNC task are expected as the result of operator program changes during machining. THERP was most useful in developing initial estimates of human reliability for the tasks, but additional studies are recommended in the areas of operator scanning strategies and human reliability in performance of more complex machining tasks.

Stochastic behaviour of man-machine systems operating under different weather conditions

This paper presents some comments on ‘Stochastic behaviour of man-machine systems operating under different weather condition’ [1]. In addition, reliability analysis of one of the models given in [2] is performed. State probability, human operator reliability, mean time to human error (MTTHE) and probability of human error plots are shown.

Reliability evaluation of human operators under stress

This paper presents five newly developed models to predict reliability of human operators performing time continous tasks under stress. Laplace transforms of state probability equations and operator reliability are developed. Mean time to human error (MTTHE) expressions are obtained. In addition specific plots are shown for selective models.