Human Nature Research Articles

Unlocking the Voices of Children: The Evolution of Child Narrators in Anglophone Literature

ABSTRACT This research investigates the evolution of child narrators in adult Anglophone fiction, tracing their development from being marginalized figures in the pre-romantic era to significant voices in the subsequent Romantic, Victorian, and modern periods. It explores how evolving perceptions of childhood contributed to the inclusion and growth of child narrators over time, arguing that children’s capacity for providing unique insights and valuable perspectives was increasingly acknowledged and exploited by authors to delve deeper into the complexities of human nature. By examining key works and authors, including Charles Dickens, Mark Twain, J.D. Salinger, Emma Donoghue and Mark Haddon among others, and drawing upon interdisciplinary resources from fields such as literary criticism, childhood studies, and socio-cultural history, the paper establishes a thorough examination of the changing role and portrayal of child narrators, their cultural significance, and the ways in which they help drive social, emotional, and psychological exploration in literature.

Rural reality contradicts the ethnographic literature—a nationwide survey on folk beliefs and people's affection for the stork in Poland

BackgroundDue to early synanthropization and ecological and behavioural features, the White Stork Ciconia ciconia became the most cherished of European birds. Rooted in human culture, the species has been well studied; nevertheless, knowledge of people’s attitudes and stork-related folk beliefs remain descriptive. Here, we attempt to quantify these issues in the world's largest stronghold of the species, Poland, in the 1950s.MethodsThe study is based on recently discovered, original nationwide survey data from the 1958 International White Stork Census. These materials were gathered to assess the population size, but they also included issues belonging to the humanities. We have worked them up in a quantitative manner, which has resulted in an original approach rarely found in ethnological studies. We aim to propose an original typology of stork-related beliefs, their spread and regional diversity in Poland and the relationship with stork abundance.ResultsA sample of 2343 questionnaires revealed that affection towards storks was widespread (91.4% positive responses), more so in eastern Poland. The most frequent beliefs relate to respect for the stork (65%) and prophesies (24%), thereafter parental beliefs (7%) and stork biology (3%). Positive attitudes and the dissemination of beliefs increased with stork densities but were unrelated to the respondents’ sex. Utilitarian beliefs outweighed those prioritized in ethnographic studies (e.g. the stork’s human origins) or popular today (baby-bringing), and expressed the real concerns of country folk.ConclusionsThe discovery of long-lost data bordering on ethnology and nature conservation and their novel work-up highlights a realistic dimension of the human–nature relationship and provides a benchmark for further interdisciplinary research.

Lifestyle of Cleft Lip/Palate Patients in Korea Before the Introduction of the Millard Technique.

The authors introduce a short story about the lifestyle of a cleft lip woman in Korea, published in 1936, about 2 decades before Dr Millard operated on his first patient in Korea. A short story entitled "Ugly Thing," written by Yao-hsieh Chu, analyzed by Eonnyeon, a girl born in a rural area with a cleft lip and palate who excelled at household tasks such as sewing. Her forehead was bulging, and her eyes were protruding. She had a low-profile nose with wide nostrils. She had a left unilateral complete primary cleft, including an alveolar cleft. There was midface retraction, accompanied by a relatively prominent chin. Her voice exhibited hypernasality. People often laugh when they see Eonnyeon eating her food, exclaiming, "She's eating like a rabbit!" However, she married a young man who deserted her on their wedding night because of her appearance. Subsequently, she moved to an urban area and found work as a housemaid. One day, she was raped by a middle-aged water delivery man, who then fled. Ten months later, she gave birth to a girl who also had a cleft lip. In a moment of despair, Eonnyeon attempted to smother her baby with a pillow but stopped herself. She resolved to raise her daughter despite the challenges ahead. The mockery directed at her could be viewed as an expression of the latent sadism inherent in human nature. It is remarkable to consider the progress made since Millard performed his first cleft lip surgery in Korea in 1954.

Law, Technology, and Our Governance Dilemma

This article highlights a dilemma that we face when we turn to new tools that promise to improve on law’s imperfect governance. On the one hand, our discontent with law’s governance is both broad and deep, and much of it is rooted in the human nature of the legal enterprise. Yet, we remain attached to the essentially human nature of law’s governance. On the other hand, we recognise the potential benefits in technological governance but not without some displacement of the human element. Caught on the horns of this dilemma, we attempt to limit the loss of the human element by insisting that governance must be compatible with human rights or human dignity, or, more directly, that governance must limit the applications of technology so that they remain human-centric. Given a demand for human-centric applications of technologies, we consider how far humans might, and should, go in deploying new tools with a view to improving law’s imperfect governance. Should these tools be limited to assisting humans? Or, might they replace humans? Or might we even govern by technological management of places, products, and processes so that reliance on both humans and rules is reduced? It is concluded that, in all spheres of governance and in all human communities, the one thing that is essential is that the applications of new technologies are controlled so that they do not undermine the generic conditions which are presupposed by viable groups of human agents.

Dampak Perceraian terhadap Anak Perspektif Psikologi Pendidikan

The harmonious relationship between parents and children is crucial in a family, as the harmony within the household significantly influences the growth, development, and education of children. However, it is inherent in human nature that happiness, suffering, pain, joy, illness, harmony, and conflict are events that always come and go in human life. This study aims to describe the impact of divorce on children's psychological development. Using a literature review research approach, the author explains that divorce is not the end of the marital relationship, but parents who have divorced need to continue thinking about the future development and education of their children, as divorce not only affects their children but also impacts the spouses, with the greatest impact being on children's psychological development. The results of this study show that divorce has a negative impact on children's psychological development, as the overall psychological development of children whose parents are divorced is significantly disrupted. Furthermore, the negative impact of divorce includes a lack of love and attention from both parents. Family integrity is necessary to support children's psychological development and education. The lack of attention and affection towards children due to their parents' divorce creates feelings of anxiety, confusion, restlessness, shame, and sadness.

Invisible and Visible Hands. What Kind of Economist is Adam Smith, and Why is He Still Relevant?

ABSTRACT Adam Smith’s works are investigated to provide better understandings of his contributions to economics and social science. The main issues discussed are the roles of invisible and visible hands; his general theories concerning human nature, moral philosophy, and socioeconomic formations; his proposal for major socioeconomic reform; whether he was a political economist or the ‘father’ of Neoclassicism; the nature of metaphorical interpretations; and why his thought still remains relevant.

Unveiling Social Dynamics in People's Perception of Raptors to Guide Effective Conservation Strategies

Ethnoscientific approaches offer valuable tools for exploring human–nature relationships, making them useful for developing effective conservation strategies. Raptors, which are birds of prey, face significant conservation threats worldwide, with human persecution being a leading factor in their population decline. Urgent conservation strategies are needed, particularly in regions of high raptor diversity like the tropical Andes. In this study, we employed semistructured questionnaires and logistic models to investigate how demographic factors, economic activity, and traditional knowledge shape people's perceptions of raptors in rural communities of the Ecuadorian Andes. These communities have historically experienced poverty and inequality, and our approach takes into account their local realities to provide conservation recommendations. Our findings reveal that traditional ecological knowledge provides a broad understanding of human–raptor relations, and that raptors are viewed as both providers of ecosystem services and disservices. Additionally, social demographics, such as gender and educational level, can influence people's perception of raptors. Based on these results, we can promote conservation actions from a local to global level. Ethnoecological approaches offer diverse conservation opportunities that can vary based on different local contexts. In addition to conventional measures such as environmental education programs, poultry management, and landscape preservation, it is essential to consider the political ecology of specific sites, particularly in regions of the Global South where poverty and inequality are closely intertwined with social and environmental injustices. As such, policy making to alleviate poverty and inequality in rural communities in Ecuador and other Andean countries; and science decolonization to make conservation more inclusive are crucial for human well-being and successful and lasting conservation actions for raptors and biodiversity.

The “Boundary” of Technology, Culture, and Digitalization

Human beings use various techniques to change their mode of production and lifeworld. However, modern technology is becoming increasingly self-oriented and is threatening human subjectivity. The digital revolution, with its unprecedented “surpassing” capability, breaks through various boundaries of human social life and, in reality, increasingly escapes from human control. The digital mode of thinking involves both formality and power. When social beings and humanities become products and commodities, and when “artificial humans” such as electronic humans, robots, intelligent humans, and genetic humans can be mass-produced, “natural humans” seem to disappear. The social organizations, lifestyles, ethics, and legal systems that are composed and created by natural beings can no longer be maintained. If humans have always dreamed of enhancing their potential by integrating technology science with social ethics and humanistic values, the building of digital ethics and digital cultural values then becomes a must. And the basis for all of these is to acknowledge and maintain some basic boundaries. The most important one is the boundary between human nature/self and “non-human”—the boundary between human beings and the external world. If human nature resists digitalization, humans will never be “assimilated” by technology. The survival of human beings and the continuation of civilization require a balance among technology, digitalization, humanity, and ethics to secure human subjectivity over technocracy.

Interplanetary Revolutions

The paper introduces the transhumanism and cosmic communism of Mao Zedong and discusses its relation to a Marxian conception of human nature and analogous Soviet visions. Having shown that the two-sided understanding of human nature in Marx opened doors for its transhumanist interpretations, the article identifies instances of the latter in the ideal of the New Soviet Man, the views of Trotsky, and the communist (or at least Sovietized) cosmism of Tsiolkovsky and Bogdanov. In parallel to and prior to his contact with Marxism, Mao became occupied with the problems of immortality, alternative spaces, the destruction of the Earth, and the power of human will, and his early transhumanism only revived after 1949. It is shown that based on his revision of historical materialism and belief in the limitless potential of human powers, Mao envisaged that technological and cultural revolutions would still and endlessly occur under communism(s), including their cosmic phases, and even after a global nuclear catastrophe. This would be, however, a future of “something more advanced” than humans, free from their current physical limitations.

The Destructive Potential of Human Nature: A Comparative Analysis of Good and Evil in William Golding's Lord of the Flies (1954) and The Inheritors (1955)

The Destructive Potential of Human Nature: A Comparative Analysis of Good and Evil in William Golding's Lord of the Flies (1954) and The Inheritors (1955)

The Transition of English Literature from the Nineteenth Century to the Twentieth Century: A Case Study of Bernard Shaw & H. G. Wells

The sincerity of literature as an expression of life is normal, as long as it expresses the human soul which is affected by external life. This is something that humans cannot escape from or stand in isolation of, but the responses differ according to different human natures, and the way each person receives and interacts with influences, but they all in the end echo the external life. European life in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries was the scene of violent intellectual movements, all of which tended to solve the social problems that had worsened at that time in human history, owing to the reaction of industrial progress in economy and society. It was natural for literature to enter the battle and be one of its effective weapons because writers could not be isolated in their ivory towers, far from the conflicting classes and the rapidly transforming situations, as if they did so, their readers would abandon them, in search of those who would talk about their pain and share their problems. Therefore, most of the literary productions of this time — all types of plays, novels, poetry, and essays — take social problems as their theme, and try in their own way to point out the means of treatment. Perhaps the most distinguished examples of this trend were Bernard Shaw, and H. G. Wells, whose production mainly depends on such topics. And if there are other writers and critics, we are just content with these two as they are sufficiently indicative in terms of providing an understanding of prospects and mechanism of the literature of that era.

Presence and (dis)connectedness – the influence of smartphones usage on human–nature and human–human interactions in outdoor studies

Interactions between students and nature and students and their peers are central to learning processes in outdoor studies programs. This paper draws on symbolic interactionist social theory to interpret participants’ experiences of smartphone usage and its impact on human–nature and human–human interactions. The findings are derived from a collective case study using semi-structured interviews with educators and focus group interviews with students enrolled in outdoor studies programs in Norway. Two primary themes were identified through reflexive thematic analysis: perceptions of nature and attentiveness to peers. Each of these themes illustrates the fluctuating presence and (dis) connectedness of students and the implications of this for learning out-of-doors. On the one hand, the findings suggest that the use of smartphones reduces students’ sensory perception of nature and their attentiveness to interactions with their peers. On the other hand, smartphones and their access to online networks can contribute to the continuity of learning experiences between indoor and outdoor learning, as well as beyond the formal learning environment. Taken together, this inquiry offers new insights into the challenges of tertiary level teaching and learning outdoors in spaces that are mediated (at times) by interactions with smartphones and associated media infrastructures.

On making peace with nature: Visions and challenges towards an ecological diplomacy

On making peace with nature: Visions and challenges towards an ecological diplomacy

El factor humano y la ergonomía en la «seguridad del paciente»

The human condition is linked to error in any activity that is performed, and the healthcare world is no exception. The origin of human error does not lie within the perversity of human nature, instead, it has its origins in latent failures in the healthcare environment and is a consequence of the processes and procedures applied. The science of the Human Factor deals with the application of knowledge to people (capabilities, characteristics and limitations), with the design and the management of the equipment they use and with the environments in which they work and the activities they carry out.Part of the Human Factor are the non-technical skills. These skills greatly influence people's behavior and, therefore, their performance and the quality of healthcare in a very complex socio-technical system.

Exploring the Evolution of Educational Methods: Perspectives from Imaginative Culture and Human Nature

Education is a fundamental pillar in human development, and its evolution throughout history has been influenced by a variety of factors, including imaginative culture and human nature. In this study, we explore how educational methods have evolved in response to the interaction between these two aspects. We look at how human creativity, imagination, and adaptation have influenced the way we teach and learn, from early forms of knowledge transmission to more contemporary approaches focused on active student engagement and the development of practical skills. Our research is based on a comprehensive review of the academic literature in the fields of education, evolutionary psychology, cultural anthropology, and imagination studies. We explore how societies have used imagination as a tool to transmit knowledge and values, as well as to foster creativity and individual expression. We also examine how adaptive aspects of human nature, such as the ability to learn collaboratively and adapt to changing environments, have influenced the way educational methods are designed. Our results show a clear evolution in educational methods over time, from approaches focused on the one-way transmission of knowledge to more interactive and participatory models that encourage exploration and discovery. We identify common patterns in the way societies have used imagination and adaptation to promote learning and socialization and discuss the implications of these findings for contemporary education. In conclusion, this study highlights the importance of understanding the relationship between imaginative culture, human nature, and education. It provides a solid foundation for the design of educational methods that harness the innate creativity and adaptability of human beings and offers guidance for educators and policymakers on how to promote meaningful and lasting learning in today's world.

Exploring Human Nature: A Comparative Analysis of William Golding's Lord of the Flies and George Orwell's Animal Farm

This in-depth comparative analysis embarks on a captivating journey into the exploration of human nature as depicted in two enduring literary masterpieces: William Golding's timeless Lord of the Flies and George Orwell's thought-provoking Animal Farm. Through a meticulous dissection of character interactions, allegorical motifs, and underlying themes, this study unveils the intricate ways in which both authors delve into the depths of human behavior and societal constructs. Golding's narrative plunges readers into the primal instincts that sur-face within a group of stranded boys, shedding light on the raw potential for violence and chaos inherent in humanity. Meanwhile, Orwell's allegorical farm animals serve as a lens through which to dissect the insidious influence of power and the erosion of ideals in the face of totalitarian regimes. As we delve further in-to the nuances of these literary works, we discover the distinct artistic lenses through which Golding and Orwell examine human nature. Golding's exploration of the fragility of order within a microcosm reflects the precarious balance be-tween civilization and savagery, while Orwell's satirical depiction unravels the mechanisms by which authority morphs into tyranny. This comparative analysis ultimately underscores the authors' unique yet complementary endeavors to illuminate the complexities of human behavior and the profound impact of societal structures. In doing so, it reaffirms the enduring significance of these narratives as windows into the human experience, resonating across time and culture.

Animal Conceptual Metaphors in Kotowaza: A Cognitive Linguistic Study

The primary objective of this study is to examine the cognitive linguistic perspective of Japanese culture in relation to animal-related kotowaza. This study employs a qualitative descriptive approach to analyze 15 kotowaza from the comic book dictionary "Doraemon no Kotowaza Jiten." The objective is to determine the grammatical and idiomatic meanings of these kotowaza, as well as to comprehend the mental metaphor of animals present in them. The research findings suggest that Japanese society employs animal kotowaza as metaphors to convey implicit messages about an individual's character. The kotowaza conveys intricate messages regarding moral principles in everyday life, as well as a profound comprehension of flawed circumstances, through the use of conceptual analogies. Various animal metaphors, including fish, horse, bird, cat, and monkey, are employed to symbolize different facets of existence and human nature. 

자폐스펙트럼의 차이와 다양성에 대한 존재론적 사유

This study aims to understand the neurological differences in the autism spectrum and to propose a neurodiversity ontology that enables people with autism and neurotypical people to coexist through human nature. To this end, I first present the neurological differences on the autism spectrum through recent neuroscience research. Based on this, I present the content and limitations of the theory of mind hypotheses related to autism and examine the causal relationship between the theory of mind and difficulties in social interaction and sensory perception. Next, neurodiversity is presented as a new discourse that can coexist with people with autism by leveraging human nature traits such as empathy, cooperative communication, and affinity, as claimed by evolutionary theory. Regardless of how well the individual functions, autism-related challenges should be supported rather than cured. The emphasis was on respecting people with autism for their individuality or identities. Finally, we are all neurodiverse individuals with cognitive and existential differences. Interdependence is described as a way of life in which a community of neurodiverse people can coexist. Neurodiversity is fundamentally an ontology in the sense that it recognizes human differences and respects diversity. Neurodiversity is fundamentally an ontology in the sense that it recognizes human differences and respects diversity. Neurodiversity can be a new discourse that contemplates the meaning of all beings with temporal differences and honors people with autism who live another way of life.

서예를 활용한 마음 치료 방안 연구

Calligraphy has been emphasized as an art that goes beyond mere functional acquisition, but expressing one’s temperament, character, personality, and emotions. It has evolved from the human nature theory that calligraphy represents one’s heart, establishes a close relationship between calligraphy and emotions, leads to the theory that calligraphy reflects one’s personality. Through the calligraphy theory and narrative activities, clinical experiments have shown that the calligraphy therapy plays a complementary role in treatment of adult diseases, depression, mental disorders, dementia, and autism, and effectively alleviates those symptoms. Therefore, this paper aims to explore therapeutic approaches by examining the relationship between calligraphy and mind, comparing from the stage before holding the brush to the stage at the end of the calligraphy writing with the mind-study methodology of pausing, breathing, observing, recognizing, putting down, and discovering grace. Therefore, this paper examined the process of preparing calligraphy, the process of writing by Phil-bub, the psychological effect according to the calligraphy, and the psychological purification effect through letters, sentences, and famous phrases, which are the contents of calligraphy. It confirmed that calligraphy can serve as an intervention technique in mind therapy beyond its aspects of discipline theory of body and mind. Engaging in calligraphy involves experiences of pause in the process of organizing one’s surroundings and gathering one’s mind before writing It enhances attention through breath control while using Mo-phil, finds peace of mind through concentration during overlapping strokes, and increases sense of accomplishment. Calligraphy is not only good for self-esteem recovery and strengthening immune system but also maximizing physiological activities, and promoting brain function. practicing calligraphy significantly contributes to health promotion.

Draped in History: Understanding the Nexus of Warfare and Women’s Fashion Evolution

The war served as a catalyst for artists to introspect on society and human nature, prompting a reevaluation of women’s status. Shifts in perceptions of women’s gender roles subsequently manifested in alterations to their clothing styles. The enduring influence of modern clothing on women’s self-identity underscores the profound and lasting impact of these changes. The intricate connection between war and the evolution of women’s fashion goes beyond mere sartorial transformations, as it serves as a mirror reflecting broader societal shifts within the realm of fashion.