Human Mouth Epidermal Carcinoma Research Articles

Induction of Antimicrobial Protein S100A15 Expression by Oral Microbial Pathogens Is Toll-like Receptors-Dependent Activation of c-Jun-N-Terminal Kinase (JNK), p38, and NF-κB Pathways

The antimicrobial protein S100A15 belongs to the S100 family, which is differentially expressed in a variety of normal and pathological tissues. Although the function of S100A15 protein has been discussed in several studies, its induction and regulation in oral mucosa, so far, are largely unknown. In this study, we demonstrate that S100A15 is induced by the stimulation of oral mucosa with gram- or gram+ bacterial pathogens, as well as with the purified membrane components, namely lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and lipoteichoic acid (LTA). The stimulation of the human gingival fibroblast (GF) and the human mouth epidermal carcinoma (KB) cell lines with either gram- or gram+ bacterial pathogens or their purified membrane components (LPS and LTA) results in the activation of NF-κB, apoptosis-regulating kinase1 (ASK1), and MAP kinase signaling pathways including, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 together with their physiological substrates AP-1 and ATF-2, respectively. Inhibition of S100A15 by antibodies-mediated Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) or Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) neutralization reveals the induction of S100A15 protein by LPS/gram- bacterial pathogens to be TLR4- dependent mechanism, whereas induction by LTA/gram+ bacterial pathogens to be TLR2- dependent mechanism. Pre-treatment of GF and KB cells with JNK (SP600125), p38 (SB-203580), or NF-κB (Bay11-7082) specific inhibitors further demonstrates the importance of JNK, p38 and NF-κB pathways in the regulation of gram-/gram+ bacterial pathogen-induced S100A15 expression. Our data provide evidence that S100A15 is induced in cancer and non-cancer oral mucosa-derived cell lines by gram-/gram+ bacterial pathogens and provide insight into the molecular mechanisms by which gram- and gram+ bacterial pathogens induce S100A15 expression in the oral mucosa.

The study on biological activity and molecular docking of secondary metabolites from Bacillus sp. isolated from the mangrove plant Rhizophora apiculata Blume

Five known secondary metabolites, namely 2-(2-heptenyl)-3-methyl-4-quinolinone (1), 3-methyl-2-(2-nonenyl)-4-quinolinone (2), 2-phenylacetic acid (3), 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (4), and (-)-jasmonic acid (5) were isolated and identified from the crude extract of an endophytic bacterium Bacillus sp. RAR_M1_45 from the mangrove plant Rhizophora apiculata Blume. Cytotoxic assays showed that compounds 1 and 2 exhibited cytotoxicity against the tested cancer cell lines A549 (human lung carcinoma), MCF7 (human breast carcinoma) and KB (human mouth epidermal carcinoma) with IC50 values from 65.09 ± 2.06 to 97.88 ±4.16μg/mL, whereas antimicrobial assays showed that compounds 1–3 exhibited selective antimicrobial activity against plant pathogens with MICs of 16–64 μg/mL. Additionally, compounds 1–5 exhibited α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory effects with IC50 values from 63.87 ± 4.23 to 649.9 ±17.5μg/mL and from 163.3 ± 10.66 to 960.4 ±8.62μg/mL, respectively. Experimental bioassays also revealed that the α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities of the isolated compounds were consistent with computational docking results. Regarding ligand-7TAA systems, the potential stability of the complexes by molecular docking simulation was high consistence on the order of α-amylase inhibitory assays: 5 (DS -11.9 kcal.mol−1) >4 (DS -11.3 kcal.mol−1) >3 (DS -10.7 kcal.mol−1) >2 (DS -9.9 kcal.mol−1) >1 (DS -9.0 kcal.mol−1). Regarding ligand-3W37 systems, the potential stability of the complexes by molecular docking simulation was high consistence on the order of α-glucosidase inhibitory assays: 5 (DS -12.8 kcal.mol−1) >4 (DS -12.1 kcal.mol−1) >3 (DS -11.7 kcal.mol−1) >2 (DS -10.0 kcal.mol−1) >1 (DS -9.8 kcal.mol−1).

Structure-activity relationship and mechanism of flavonoids on the inhibitory activity of P-glycoprotein (P-gp)-mediated transport of rhodamine123 and daunorubicin in P-gp overexpressed human mouth epidermal carcinoma (KB/MDR) cells

This study was aimed to investigate the inhibitory activity of flavonoids on P-glycoprotein (P-gp). Effects of 39 flavonoids on the cellular uptake (CU) of rhodamine123 (Rho) and daunomycin (DNR) were investigated in both parental KB and P-gp overexpressed KB/MDR cells. The inhibition mechanism of selected flavonoids was further investigated by measuring the ATPase activity and expression level of P-gp. Twelve flavonoids improved the uptake of Rho (↑RhoF) and nineteen flavonoids increased the uptake of DNR (↑DNRF) in KB/MDR cells with nine flavonoids overlapped. Structure-activity relationship (SAR) indicated that 8-OCH3, and 2′-OH have a negative effect on Rho and DNR transport. Whereas 5-OH, 5-OCH3, 6-OH, 7-OCH3, 3′-OH, and 4′-OH, are essential for inhibition of flavonoids on P-gp and reversing the resistance of Rho and DNR. Eleven selected flavonoids significantly induced the basal P-gp-ATPase activity but much lower than that induced by verapamil. Tangeretin, galangin, kaempferol, quercetin, and morin significantly reversed the ATPase activity stimulated by verapamil. Six of eleven flavonoids significantly decreased P-gp expression, whereas three flavonoids slightly increased P-gp expression. These results provide valuable information that flavonoids can effectively reverse multidrug resistance of P-gp-mediated transport of nutraceutical and drugs by co-administration.

Gold nanoparticles promote a multimodal synergistic cancer therapy strategy by co-delivery of thermo-chemo-radio therapy

Multimodal cancer therapy has become a new trend in clinical oncology due to potential generation of synergistic therapeutic effects. Herein, we propose a multifunctional nanoplatform comprising alginate hydrogel co-loaded with cisplatin and gold nanoparticles (abbreviated as ACA) for triple combination of photothermal therapy, chemotherapy and radiotherapy (thermo-chemo-radio therapy). The therapeutic potential of ACA was assessed in combination with 532 nm laser and 6 MV X-ray against KB human mouth epidermal carcinoma cells. The results demonstrated that tri-modal thermo-chemo-radio therapy using ACA induced a superior anticancer efficacy than mono- or bi-modality treatments. The intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level in KB cells treated with tri-modal therapy was increased by 4.4-fold compared to untreated cells. The gene expression analysis demonstrated the up-regulation of Bax pro-apoptotic factor (by 4.5-fold) and the down-regulation of Bcl-2 anti-apoptotic factor (by 0.3-fold). The massive cell injury and the appearance of morphological characteristics of apoptosis were also evident in the micrograph of KB cells caused by thermo-chemo-radio therapy. Therefore, ACA nanocomplex can be offered as a promising platform to combine photothermal therapy, chemotherapy and radiotherapy, thereby affording an opportunity for combating chemo- and radio-resistant tumors.

Establishment and Use of Human Mouth Epidermal Carcinoma (KB) Cells Overexpressing P-Glycoprotein To Characterize Structure Requirements for Flavonoids Transported by the Efflux Transporter.

This study was aimed to determine the mechanism for flavonoid poor absorption related to P-glycoprotein (P-gp). The cellular uptake (CU) of 40 flavonoids was investigated in P-gp overexpressing KB/multidrug-resistant (MDR) cells. A total of 9 flavonoids, including 5,7,3',4'-tetramethoxyflavone, with a significant ( p < 0.05) CUKBE (2.90 ± 0.146 μmol/g) higher than CUKBP (1.57 ± 0.129 μmol/g) were identified as P-gp substrates. Besides, 8 substrates, including tangeretin, showed a significant ( p < 0.05) CUKB (9.72 ± 1.09 μmol/g) higher than its CUKBP (7.36 ± 0.692 μmol/g). A total of 7 of 17 flavonoid substrates stimulated the P-gp efflux of rhodamine 123, and most substrates increased P-gp expression in KB/MDR cells. Docking analyses showed a good correlation ( R = 0.764; p < 0.01) between efflux fold and S_scoring of flavonoids to the P-gp model, indicating consistency between in silico and in vitro results. A structure-affinity relationship exhibited that 3-OH, 5-OH, 3'-OCH3, and 4'-OCH3 are crucial for flavonoids binding to P-gp. These results provide valuable information for finding a solution to improve the absorption of flavonoids.

Multimodal cancer cell therapy using Au@Fe2O3 core-shell nanoparticles in combination with photo-thermo-radiotherapy.

In this study, gold coated iron oxide nanoparticle (Au@Fe2O3 NP) was synthesized in a core-shell structure. Photothermal and radiosensitization effects of Au@Fe2O3 NPs were investigated on KB human mouth epidermal carcinoma cell line. Cell death and apoptosis were measured to study the effects of nanoparticles in combination with both radiotherapy (RT) and photothermal therapy (PTT). The KB cells were treated with Au@Fe2O3 NPs (20 μg/ml; 4 h) and then received different treatment regimens of PTT and/or RT using laser (808 nm, 6 W/cm2, 10 min) and/or 6 MV X-ray (single dose of 2 Gy). Following the various treatments, MTT assay was performed to evaluate the cell survival rate. Also, the mode of cell death was determined by flow cytometry using an annexinV-fluorescein isothiocyanate/propidium iodide apoptosis detection kit. No significant cell death was observed due to laser irradiation. The viability of the cells firstly incubated with NPs and then exposed to the laser was significantly decreased. Additionally, our results demonstrated that Au@Fe2O3 NP is a good radiosensitizer at megavoltage energies of X-ray. When nanoparticles loaded KB cells were received both laser and X-ray, the cell viability substantially decreased. Following such a combinatorial treatment, flow cytometry determined that the majority of cell death relates to apoptosis. In conclusion, Au@Fe2O3 NP has a great potential to be applied as a photo-thermo-radiotherapy sensitizer for treatment of head and neck tumors.

Folic Acid–Conjugated Pyropheophorbide a as the Photosensitizer Tested for In Vivo Targeted Photodynamic Therapy

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a highly localized and minimally invasive cancer treatment modality with many important advantages, but the lack of ideal photosensitizers (PSs) greatly restricts its clinical utility. To develop new PSs with highly efficient singlet oxygen production and high tumor-localizing ability to reduce damage to healthy adjacent tissues, we conjugated folic acid (FA) with pyropheophorbide a (Pyro), a potent PS with a very high singlet oxygen quantum yield and a high extinction coefficient. In the present work, we describe the synthesis and PDT evaluation of this FA–Pyro conjugate both in vitro and in vivo. This conjugation increased the accumulation of Pyro inside the tumors and improved the efficiency of PDT, resulting in eradication of subcutaneous xenograft KB (human mouth epidermal carcinoma) tumors after only 1 or 2 applications of external near infrared light irradiation. This outstanding PDT outcome in a tumor-bearing mouse model and the simple synthesis of the conjugate should have very good practical potential for clinical application.

In vivo tumor-suppressing efficacy and cell internalization of doxorubicin loaded in liposomes bearing folate

In vivo tumor-suppressing efficacy and in vitro cell internalization of doxorubicin (DOX) loaded in liposome bearing folate were investigated using tumor-induced nude mice and a cancer cell. The size of liposomes was 105 nm–240 nm in diameter and they were multi-lamellar vesicles. Neither the attachment of folate nor the loading of DOX had an effect on the size and the structure. However, the attachment of folate led to decrease in the surface potentials. The specific loading of DOX in folate-free liposomes and folate-decorated liposomes was 0.0041 (w/w) and 0.0043 (w/w), respectively. During 24 h release experiment, the amount of DOX released from folate-decorated liposomes was more than that of DOX from folate-free liposomes. The tumor growth-suppressing effect was greater in the order of folate-decorated liposomes containing DOX > folate-free liposomes containing DOX > free DOX. Moreover, the histological examination on TEM also revealed folate-decorated liposomes were more efficacious in suppressing tumor growth. Confocal laser scanning microscopy and flow cytometric analysis showed that DOX loaded in folate-decorated liposomes was internalized into human mouth epidermal carcinoma more efficiently than DOX loaded in folate-free liposomes and free DOX.

Seed Dormancy Breaking Diterpenoids from the Liverwort Plagiochila sciophila and their Differentiation Inducing Activity in Human Promyelocytic Leukemia HL-60 Cells

To obtain the structural diversity of bioactive compounds similar to cotylenins and fusicoccins that modulate 14-3-3 protein-protein interactions in eukaryotes, screening tests were carried out using the lettuce seed dormancy breaking-assay. An acetone extract of the liverwort Plagiochila sciophila exhibited significant activity against the seeds in the presence of the plant hormone abscisic acid. Activity-guided fractionation of the extract afforded the isolation of seven novel fusicoccane-type diterpenoids, named fusicosciophins A-E (1-5), 8-deacetyl (6) and 9-deacetyl fusicosciophin E (7). Their structures were determined by spectroscopic methods and X-ray crystallographic analyses. All the pure isolated compounds (1-7) exhibited moderate lettuce seed dormancy breaking activity. In addition, the differentiation-inducing activity and cytotoxicity of these isolates, together with fusicoccin A (FC-A) and all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), were evaluated in human promyelocytic leukemia HL-60 cells and human mouth epidermal carcinoma KB cells, respectively. Fusicosciophins (2 and 4) and FC-A exhibited moderate differentiation-inducing activity (EC50 31.2-59.1 microM) compared with ATRA (EC50 0.3 microM), while 2, 4 and ATRA exhibited higher selectivity indices (IC50/EC50 >3.38-667) than FC-A (IC50/EC50 1.05). This is the first report on the isolation of fusicoccane-type diterpenoids from liverworts having seed dormancy breaking activity and differentiation-inducing activity in mammal cells.

Anti-proliferative and matrix metalloproteinase-2 inhibition of Longkong (Lansium domesticum) extracts on human mouth epidermal carcinoma

Context: Longkong [Lansium domesticum Corr. (Meliaceae)] is a popular tropical plant producing economic edible fruits found mainly in Southeast Asia. However, limited information is available concerning anticancer activity of Longkong.Objective: To investigate anticancer activities in human mouth epidermal carcinoma (KB) of Longkong extracts.Materials and methods: Various parts of Longkong which was collected from Northern and Eastern of Thailand were extracted by the hot and cold processes using water, chloroform, and methanol. The extracts were tested for anti-oxidative activities and anti-proliferation as well as matrix metalloproteinase inhibition on KB cells.Results: The hot water extract of seeds from Northern region (NSEWH), the cold water extract of old leaves from Northern region (NOLWC), and the hot chloroform extract of young leaves from Eastern region (EYLCH) showed the highest free radical scavenging, metal ion chelating, and lipid peroxidation inhibition with SC50, MC50 and IPC50 values of 0.34 ± 0.03, 0.47 ± 1.60 and 0.86 ± 0.31 mg/ml, respectively. The hot and cold chloroform extract of young fruits from Northern region (NYFCH and NYFCC) exhibited anti-proliferation effect against KB cells with IC50 values of 603.45 ± 55.35 and 765.06 ± 46.19 mg/ml, respectively. NYFCC exhibited the highest pro- and active MMP-2 inhibition at 53.03 ± 2.65 and 31.30 ± 0.43%, more than all tested standard anticancer drugs except cisplatin.Discussion and conclusion: The cold chloroform extract of young fruits from Northern region appeared to contain anticancer active compounds against KB cells because of its high anti-proliferation and MMP-2 inhibition activities.

Synthesis and Cytotoxic Activity of Ursolic Acid Derivatives

10-15 Fourteen ursolic acid derivatives, among them four novel compounds, were synthesized by modification either at the C-3, C-28 or both positions. The cytotoxic activity of the obtained derivatives was evaluated against the four human cancer cell lines KB (human mouth epidermal carcinoma), HepG2 (human hepatocellular carcinoma), MCF7 (human breast carcinoma) and Lu (human lung carcinoma). As the result, compounds 7and 8were from two to three times more active than ursolic acid on all four tested cell lines. This is the first report on cytotoxic effects of the synthetized ursolic acid derivatives 4, 8, and .

Antiproliferative Activity of Flower Hexane Extract Obtained from Mentha spicata Associated with Mentha rotundifolia Against the MCF7, KB, and NIH/3T3 Cell Lines

This study assessed the antiproliferative effect in vitro of the flower hexane extract obtained from Mentha spicata associated with Mentha rotundifolia against the human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7), human mouth epidermal carcinoma (KB), and mouse embryonic fibroblast (NIH 3T3) cell lines, using sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay. A cell density of 2×10(4)/well was seeded in 96-well plates, and samples at different concentrations ranging from 10 to 500 mg/mL were tested. The optical density was determined in an ELISA multiplate reader (Thermo Plate TP-Reader). Results demonstrated that the hexane extract presented antiproliferative activity against both the tumor cell lines KB and MCF-7, presenting a GI(50) (MCF-7=13.09 mg/mL), TGI (KB=37.76 mg/mL), and IL(50) (KB=291.07 mg/mL). Also, the hexane extract presented antiproliferative activity toward NIH 3T3 cells GI(50) (183.65 mg/mL), TGI (280.54 mg/mL), and IL(50) (384.59 mg/mL). The results indicate that the flower hexane extract obtained from M. spicata associated with M. rotundifolia presents an antineoplastic activity against KB and MCF-7, although an antiproliferative effect at a high concentration of the extract was observed toward NIH 3T3.

Anti-proliferative and apoptosis induction activities of extracts from Thai medicinal plant recipes selected from MANOSROI II database

Ethonopharmacological relevancesTraditional medicines have long been used by the Thai people. Several medicinal recipes prepared from a mixture of plants are often used by traditional medicinal practitioners for the treatment of many diseases including cancer. The recipes collected from the Thai medicinal text books were recorded in MANOSROI II database. Anticancer recipes were searched and selected by a computer program using the recipe indication keywords including Ma-reng and San which means cancer in Thai, from the database for anticancer activity investigation. Aim of studyTo investigate anti-cancer activities of the Thai medicinal plant recipes selected from the “MANOSROI II” database. Materials and methodsAnti-proliferative and apoptotic activities of extracts from 121 recipes selected from 56,137 recipes in the Thai medicinal plant recipe “MANOSROI II” database were investigated in two cancer cell lines including human mouth epidermal carcinoma (KB) and human colon adenocarcinoma (HT-29) cell lines using sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay and acridine orange (AO) and ethidium bromide (EB) staining technique, respectively. Results and conclusionsIn the SRB assay, recipes NE028 and, S003 gave the highest anti-proliferation activity on KB and HT29 with the IC50 values of 2.48±0.24 and 6.92±0.49μg/ml, respectively. In the AO/EB staining assay, recipes S016 and NE028 exhibited the highest apoptotic induction in KB and HT-29 cell lines, respectively. This study has demonstrated that the three Thai medicinal plant recipes selected from “MANOSROI II” database (NE028, S003 and S016) gave active anti-cancer activities according to the NCI classification which can be further developed for anti-cancer treatment.

Facile preparation of coating fluorescent hollow mesoporous silica nanoparticles with pH-sensitive amphiphilic diblock copolymer for controlled drug release and cell imaging

A smart fluorescent drug carrier based on hollow mesoporous silica (HMS) nanoparticles was prepared step by step. First, HMS nanoparticles were doped with lanthanide rare-earth nanocrystals (YVO4:Eu3+). Then the surface of HMS@YVO4:Eu3+ was modified by octadecyltrimethoxysilane (C18). Afterwards, it was coated by designed pH-sensitive amphiphilic diblock copolymer (poly(MPEG-b-DBAM), PMD) through hydrophobic van der Waals interactions. The results of characterization such as transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) reveal that the material shows excellent monodisperse spherical morphology and narrow size distribution (180 nm) with hollow-core@mesoporous-silica-shell@thin-polymer-film structure. The multifunctional system HMS@YVO4:Eu3+@C18@PMD was utilized to deliver the model drug ibuprofen (IBU), and the drug loading content of the system is as high as 834 mg/g (drug/carrier). Due to the coated pH-sensitive polymer film, the loaded drug is selectively released in mildly acidic environment. The time of release of about 80% drug was however prolonged from 50 to 150 h (at pH = 5.0) by the effect of modified C18, which has thus achieved longer-term release. Besides, the prepared material is easily imported into human mouth epidermal carcinoma (KB) cells and showed good and stable red fluorescence, which is suitable for cell imaging.

Polioviral receptor binding ligand: A novel and safe peptide drug carrier from polioviral capsid

Cellular uptake enhancement of green fluorescent protein (GFP) into human colon adenocarcinoma (HT-29) and human mouth epidermal carcinoma (KB) cells by a segment of VP1-BC loop polioviral capsid (V), a polioviral receptor binding peptide and HIV-I transactivator of transcription (Tat) was evaluated. HT-29 and KB cells were incubated with various molar concentrations of GFP, V, and Tat mixtures. Both V and Tat showed potent enhancement of GFP uptake into HT-29 and KB cells. In HT-29 cells, the V-GFP, Tat-GFP, and V-Tat-GFP mixtures enhanced the GFP cellular uptake efficiency with the maximum of 3.98-, 4.59-, and 4.08-folds of GFP at 1:3, 1:1/6, and 1/6:1:1/6 molar ratios, respectively. For KB cells, the V-GFP, Tat-GFP, and V-Tat-GFP mixtures enhanced the GFP cellular uptake efficiency with the maximum of 4.05-, 5.09-, and 4.91-folds of GFP at 1:1/6, 1:1, and 1:1:1 molar ratios, respectively. Both V and V-GFP mixtures showed a lower cytotoxicity effect than Tat and Tat-GFP mixture. These studies demonstrated the potential of polioviral capsid, a polioviral receptor binding peptide as a novel, low cytotoxicity carrier for the development of peptide drugs delivery system.

URD12: A urea derivative with marked antitumor activities

Urea derivatives have been widely used in biology and medicine. The substituted urea derivative URD12 introduced in this study exhibits cytotoxic activity against the K562 human leukemia and KB human mouth epidermal carcinoma cell lines. To further study the bioactivity of URD12 and examine its feasibility as a new antitumor drug, we applied in vivo and in vitro assays to investigate the antitumor activity of URD12. URD12 was prepared and its cytotoxicity was evaluated using the BGC-823 human gastric carcinoma, MGC-803 human gastric carcinoma, SMMC-7721 human hepatoma and HepG2 human hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines using MTT assays. Antitumor activity in vivo was confirmed in mice bearing H22 hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Organ coefficient was used to further elucidate the cytotoxic mechanisms of URD12. URD12 inhibited the growth of tested tumor cell lines in vitro and the growth of H22 mouse hepatocellular carcinoma in vivo with no effects on the weight, spleen and thymus coefficient of tumor-bearing mice. In conclusion, our findings indicate that URD12 is an effective antitumor agent without evident immunosuppression effects.

Anti-proliferation activity and phytochemical screening of Thai medicinal plant recipes

Thai medicinal plant recipes were surveyed and divided into two groups including the books of Thai traditional medicine and Thai traditional healers. 12 recipes were found from the books of Thai traditional medicine and 28 recipes from 14 questionnaires. 10 recipes were selected from 40 recipes of the books and questionnaires to test the anti-proliferation activity on human mouth epidermal carcinoma (KB) cell lines by Sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay. The anti-proliferation activity and phytochemical screening of 9 herbs in recipe 9 was investigated. The results found that Hydnophyum formicarum exhibited growth inhibit activity against KB cell lines with GI 50 value 5.54µg/ml, which were about 1/277 times of doxorubicin (GI50=0.02µg/ml). Hydnophyum formicarum contain tannin, alkaloid, flavonone and xanthone. The results from this study will be beneficial for further research and development of anti-cancer drug.

Anti-proliferative activity of essential oil extracted from Thai medicinal plants on KB and P388 cell lines

Anti-proliferative activity of essential oil from 17 Thai medicinal plants on human mouth epidermal carcinoma (KB) and murine leukemia (P388) cell lines using MTT assay were investigated. An amount of 1×10 4 cells/well of KB cell line and 1×10 5 cells/well of P388 cell line were treated with the oil samples at different concentrations ranging from 0.019 to 4.962 mg/ml. In KB cell line, Guava ( Psidium guajava L.) leaf oil showed the highest anti-proliferative activity with the IC 50 value of 0.0379 mg/ml (4.37 times more potent than vincristine) whereas Sweet Basil ( Ocimum basilicum L.) oil gave the highest anti-proliferative activity with the IC 50 value of 0.0362 mg/ml (12.7 times less potent than 5-FU) in P388 cell line. The results demonstrated the potential of essential oil from Thai medicinal plants for cancer treatment.