Human Lung Cancer Cell Lines Research Articles

Novel synthesis of CNTs/Cu nanodots-arabic gum nano-hybrid composites induce cytotoxicity and apoptosis in human breast and lung cancer cell lines

Novel synthesis of CNTs/Cu nanodots-arabic gum nano-hybrid composites induce cytotoxicity and apoptosis in human breast and lung cancer cell lines

Glutamine deprivation confers immunotherapy resistance by inhibiting IFN-γ signaling in cancer cells.

Glutamine deprivation confers immunotherapy resistance by inhibiting IFN-γ signaling in cancer cells.

Central composite designed boswellic acids loaded nanoparticles for enhanced cellular uptake in human lung cancer cell line A549

Central composite designed boswellic acids loaded nanoparticles for enhanced cellular uptake in human lung cancer cell line A549

Synthesis and antitumor activity of a novel class of covalent inhibitors of EGFR with 2-indolone backbone.

Synthesis and antitumor activity of a novel class of covalent inhibitors of EGFR with 2-indolone backbone.

Investigation of the sensitivity of human A549 cells to paclitaxel and sesquiterpene lactone alantolactone via apoptosis induction.

Alantolactone (ALA), a sesquiterpene lactone compound obtained from Inula helenium root, is known to have anticancer activity in many types of cancer. Paclitaxel (PAX) is an effective first-line chemotherapeutic drug and is widely used in the treatment of lung cancer. The in vitro anticancer efficacy of combined treatment of ALA with PAX was investigated in the A549 human lung cancer cell line. The results show that ALA potentiated the effect of PAX-induced growth restriction and apoptosis in A549 cells. The combined administration more effectively decreased the Bcl-2 expression and increased Bax gene expression in cells compared to ALA or PAX alone. Also, co-treatment of ALA and PAX caused apoptotic nuclear formations. Additionally, coadministration increased the caspase-3 and caspase-9 levels more than PAX or ALA alone. The increase in NF-κB gene expression levels suggests that an NF-κB-independent apoptotic trigger mechanism operates in cells. Together, the present in vitro findings suggest that ALA may contribute as a potential therapeutic strategy in the treatment of lung cancer.

Antiproliferative potential of sweetpotato in breast (BT549) and lung (A549) cancer cell lines

BackgroundResearchers have searched for plant-derived medicines over the last few decades. Although much of the focus has been on medicinal herbs, many vegetables, such as sweetpotato, have also been discovered to have medicinal properties due to their high levels of nutrients and phytochemicals. This study aimed to determine the effects of methanolic extracts from sweetpotato leaves and leaves/stems on human lung (A549) and breast (BT549) cancer cell lines. The authors obtained the leafy greens from Tennessee State University’s Organic research farm, extracted with methanol and studied for their cytotoxicity.MethodsAlamar blue Assay was used to determine whether the methanolic extracts from fresh sweetpotato leaves (cv. All Purple) and leaves/stems (cv. Carolina Ruby) had the potential to affect cell proliferation in the human lung (A549) and breast (BT549) cell lines in-vitro. Tamoxifen was used as the positive control, while DMSO was used as the negative control.ResultsSweetpotato leaves of the All-Purple cultivar and the stem/leaves of the Carolina Ruby cultivar inhibited lung and breast cancer cell growth in a dose-dependent manner. The All purple sweetpotato produced EC50 values of 0.013 µg/µl (R2 = 0.67, P < 0.05) and 0.002 µg/µl (R2 = 0.89, P < 0.05) in the A549 and BT549 cell lines respectively, using the Alamar blue assay. The BT549 cell line treated with all purple leaf extract was less significant than that of the A549 cell line. However, the sweetpotato stem and leaf extract of Carolina ruby had a more significant cytotoxic effect on the A549 cell line with an EC50 value of 0.0014 µg/µl (R2 = 0.99, P < 0.05).ConclusionsAnticancer activities of these extracts showed their ability to inhibit the growth of cancer cell lines, such as BT549 (breast cancer) and A549 (lung cancer), in a concentration-dependent manner. Further studies would help determine the bioactive compounds present in these compounds that produce this effect, but more studies would also help determine whether the extracts could induce apoptosis in BT549 and A549 cancer cells, the mechanism of action, and cell cycle progression.

Synthesis of novel quinoline-thiazolobenzimidazolone hybrids as anticancer agents through caspase-dependent apoptosis.

This work explores the synthesis of new bi-heterocyclic hybrid compounds based on quinoline ring and investigates their potential as anticancer agents. The novel fused quinoline-thiazolo[3,2-a] benzimidazole-3(2 h)one hybrids were prepared by regioselective nucleophilic ring opening of the corresponding quinolinyl-oxiranes. In vitro cytotoxic activity was evaluated against human lung (A549) and gastric (AGS) cancer cell lines. Global results showed that all tested compounds have promising inhibitory properties. Compounds 17 and 18 bearing two methoxy groups on the quinoline ring have exhibited remarkable and interesting activities. The investigation of the cell death process showed that these compounds activated a caspase-dependent apoptosis pathway. Results were further supported by molecular docking studies. Both compounds exhibited good drug-like characteristics, which make them promising drug candidates.

Biogenic synthesized selenium nanoparticles combined chitosan nanoparticles controlled lung cancer growth via ROS generation and mitochondrial damage pathway

Abstract The green synthesis approach has drawn a lot of interest as an environmentally friendly and sustainable acceptable means of producing a diverse range of nanoparticles (NPs). This piece described a rapid approach for synthesizing selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) with grape seed extract. A biologically active composition of selenium-chitosan nanoparticles (Se-chitosan NPs) has been prepared and characterized using, ultraviolet–visible, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and zeta potential and size distribution experiments. To study the anticancer activity of prepared NP cytotoxicity (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay of chitosan nanoparticles (Chito-NPs), SeNPs were tested on two cancer cell lines: A549 and normal cell line (HK-2). In addition to a series of morphological changes, induction of apoptosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and mitochondrial membrane potential. The results showed that the synthesized NPs were spherical with 55.285 and 30.9 nm, for SeNPs and Se-chitosan NPs, respectively. In the A549 cell line, SeNPs and Se-chitosan NPs exhibited dose-dependent cytotoxicity, with an IC50 for Chito-NPs of 24.09 µg/mL, whereas for SeNPs it was 18.56 µg/mL. Conversely, normal cell lines (MCF-10) were not significantly cytotoxically affected by SeNPs and Se-chitosan NPs. Additionally, SeNP and Se-chitosan NP treatment resulted in increased ROS generation and caused mitochondrial dysfunction. Based on ROS-mediated pathways, the results demonstrated that Chito-NPs, SeNPs, and Se-chitosan NPs cause apoptosis and death in A549 cells. As nanotherapeutics, Chito-NPs, SeNPs, and Se-chitosan NPs appear to offer a great deal of unrealized potential based on these findings. Further investigation is warranted and clinically significant to elucidate the specific therapeutic potential and safety of these NPs when applied in vivo. In this work, we show that exposure to SeNPs, Chito-NPs, and Se-chitosan NPs alters the human lung cancer cell line A549’s ROS route of signaling, thereby causing the induction of apoptosis.

Synthesis, characterization, and anti-cancer activity evaluation of Ba-doped CuS nanostructures synthesized by the co-precipitation method.

Pure and barium (Ba)-doped copper sulfide nanostructures were synthesized by the chemical co-precipitation method at room temperature. The pure and Ba-doped CuS nanoparticles have been compared structurally, morphologically, and optically using X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), total reflection X-ray fluorescence (TXRF), diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. The results of X-ray diffraction (XRD) showed that the CuS nanostructures have a hexagonal structure with crystallite sizes ranging from 15.14 to 16.69 nm. TXRF was used to confirm the presence of Ba-doped CuS. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) analysis revealed that the bandgap energy of the CuS nanostructures increased with increasing Ba doping concentration (1.38 to 1.82 eV). Optical constants such as absorption coefficient, extinction coefficient, and refractive index were calculated. A photoluminescence study of CuS was carried out. One photoluminescence (PL) band was found at 826 nm (1.5 eV) at room temperature and was attributed to band-to-band (BB) and band-to-impurity recombination. The MTT assay was used to measure the cytotoxicity effect on human lung cancer cell lines (A549). The results showed that CuS nanostructure with 5% Ba doping exhibits more toxicity than other samples, with an IC50 of 8.46 g ml-1 being the most significant concentration, suggesting that it may be a promising cancer treatment agent.

Targeting Lung Cancer with Carvacrol-Triazole-Arylidenehydrazide Hybrids: In Vitro and In Silico Cytotoxicity Assessments.

In this study, a series of 16 arylidenehydrazide derivatives (7a-7p), hybridized with the natural product carvacrol, were successfully synthesized starting from anthranilic acid methyl ester. The cytotoxic effects of these compounds were examined against two different cell lines, A549 and BEAS-2B. Additionally, in silico studies were conducted to investigate the ligand-protein binding modes and their stabilities. Lastly, the predicted ADME properties were also explored. The compounds' structures were confirmed through meticulous NMR and MS spectral analyses. Biological assays indicated notable cytotoxic effects against human lung cancer (A549) and non-tumorigenic lung epithelial (BEAS-2B) cell lines, with compounds 7j, 7k, and 7l demonstrating high selectivity indices (SIs) and low IC50 values against A549 cells, signifying potent selective anticancer activity. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations identified key binding interactions of these compounds with EGFR and BRAF proteins, emphasizing the importance of residues such as Lys-745 and Phe-856 in EGFR and Lys-483 in BRAF. Stability of these complexes was confirmed through 100 ns MD simulations. ADME analysis revealed favorable pharmacokinetic properties for the prominent compounds, particularly 7k. These results suggest that arylidenehydrazide derivatives, especially 7k, are promising selective anticancer agents with potential for further development.

Hyperoxia induces autophagy in pulmonary epithelial cells: insights from in vivo and in vitro experiments

Patients with hypoxemia require high-concentration oxygen therapy. However, prolonged exposure to oxygen concentrations 21% higher than physiological concentrations (hyperoxia) may cause oxidative cellular damage. Pulmonary alveolar epithelial cells are major targets for hyperoxia-induced oxidative stress. In this study, we evaluated the therapeutic potential of the antioxidant N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) for preventing hyperoxia-induced cell death. In vitro experiments were performed using the human lung cancer cell line A549. In brief, NAC-treated and untreated cells were exposed to various concentrations of oxygen (hyperoxia) for different durations. The results indicated that hyperoxia inhibited proliferation and caused cell cycle arrest in A549 cells. It also induced necrosis and autophagy. Furthermore, hyperoxia increased intracellular reactive oxygen species levels and altered mitochondrial membrane potential. Co-treatment with NAC improved the survival of cells exposed to 95% oxygen for 24 h. Experiments performed using a neonatal rat model of acute lung injury confirmed that hyperoxia induced an autophagic response. This study provides evidence for hyperoxia-induced autophagy both in vitro and in vivo. NAC can protect A549 cells from death induced by short-term hyperoxia. Our findings may inform protective strategies against hyperoxia-induced injury in developing lungs—for example, bronchopulmonary dysplasia in premature infants.

Elucidating the leaching effect of micro/nanoplastics on the binding, structural, and oxidative characteristics of bovine serum albumin, and impact on cytotoxicity and oxidative stress in the human lung cancer cell line, A549

Proteins like albumin are found in various environmental, living systems, and applications. It is known that functional, conformational and sorption properties of proteins are significantly affected by various surrounding conditions...

DNA Binding, Nuclease/Photonuclease, and Phototoxicty Properties of Water Soluble Silicon (IV) Phthalocyanine

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is known as a method in which photosensitizers produce reactive oxygen species in the presence of light and oxygen, leading to cell death. In this paper, DNA interaction properties of bis[4-({8)-[3-(trimethylamino)phenoxy]octyl}oxy)] substituted silicon (IV) phthalocyanine (GsB-SiPc) were examined using a UV-Vis spectrophometer and agarose gel electrophoresis techniques. Afterwards, cytotoxic/phototoxic effects of GsB-SiPc were examined using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assays on A549 cells. The results showed that GsB-SiPc bound to ct-DNA via a groove binding mode. In nuclease/photonuclease experiments, GsB-SiPc had low nuclease activity in the dark but it showed high photonuclease activity in the presence of light, depending on compound concentration and light dose. In addition, GsB-SiPc demonstrated remarkable phototoxicity toward human lung adenocarcinoma (A549) cell line at 50 and 100 µM in the presence of light. The in vitro data revealed the potential of GsB-SiPc as a photodynamic therapy agent for the treatment of lung cancer. These findings need to be supported by further studies.

Hydrazone-Functionalized trans-A2B-Corroles: Effective Synergy in Photodynamic Therapy of Lung Cancer.

A synthetic route to trans-A2B-corroles combining the macrocyclic core with a hydrazone moiety, based on the reactivity of azoalkenes toward dipyrromethanes, has been established with the aim of developing a new class of photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy of lung cancer. The study of the photophysical properties of the novel macrocycles allowed the identification of photosensitizers with absorption within the phototherapeutic window and high singlet oxygen quantum yield. Relevant structure-photodynamic activity correlations were established by studying the new corroles-based photodynamic therapy (PDT) in human lung cancer cell lines (A549 and H1299). The methyl-hydrazone corroles were more active than phenyl-hydrazone corroles, with the N-Boc and N-Ts groups being key structural features to ensure high activity. The lead photosensitizers, with IC50 values below 100 nM and no cytotoxicity per se, were significantly more active than 5,10,15-triphenylcorrole, showing that the presence of the hydrazone functional group has a strong influence on PDT activity.

Preclinical Models for Functional Precision Lung Cancer Research.

Patient-centered precision oncology strives to deliver individualized cancer care. In lung cancer, preclinical models and technological innovations have become critical in advancing this approach. Preclinical models enable deeper insights into tumor biology and enhance the selection of appropriate systemic therapies across chemotherapy, targeted therapies, immunotherapies, antibody-drug conjugates, and emerging investigational treatments. While traditional human lung cancer cell lines offer a basic framework for cancer research, they often lack the tumor heterogeneity and intricate tumor-stromal interactions necessary to accurately predict patient-specific clinical outcomes. Patient-derived xenografts (PDXs), however, retain the original tumor's histopathology and genetic features, providing a more reliable model for predicting responses to systemic therapeutics, especially molecularly targeted therapies. For studying immunotherapies and antibody-drug conjugates, humanized PDX mouse models, syngeneic mouse models, and genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs) are increasingly utilized. Despite their value, these in vivo models are costly, labor-intensive, and time-consuming. Recently, patient-derived lung cancer organoids (LCOs) have emerged as a promising in vitro tool for functional precision oncology studies. These LCOs demonstrate high success rates in growth and maintenance, accurately represent the histology and genomics of the original tumors and exhibit strong correlations with clinical treatment responses. Further supported by advancements in imaging, spatial and single-cell transcriptomics, proteomics, and artificial intelligence, these preclinical models are reshaping the landscape of drug development and functional precision lung cancer research. This integrated approach holds the potential to deliver increasingly accurate, personalized treatment strategies, ultimately enhancing patient outcomes in lung cancer.

A STAG2-PAXIP1/PAGR1 axis suppresses lung tumorigenesis.

The cohesin complex is a critical regulator of gene expression. STAG2 is the most frequently mutated cohesin subunit across several cancer types and is a key tumor suppressor in lung cancer. Here, we coupled somatic CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing and tumor barcoding with an autochthonous oncogenic KRAS-driven lung cancer model and showed that STAG2 is uniquely tumor-suppressive among all core and auxiliary cohesin components. The heterodimeric complex components PAXIP1 and PAGR1 have highly correlated effects with STAG2 in human lung cancer cell lines, are tumor suppressors in vivo, and are epistatic to STAG2 in oncogenic KRAS-driven lung tumorigenesis in vivo. STAG2 inactivation elicits changes in gene expression, chromatin accessibility, and 3D genome conformation that impact the cancer cell state. Gene expression and chromatin accessibility similarities between STAG2- and PAXIP1-deficient neoplastic cells further relate STAG2-cohesin to PAXIP1/PAGR1. These findings reveal a STAG2-PAXIP1/PAGR1 tumor-suppressive axis and uncover novel PAXIP1-dependent and PAXIP1-independent STAG2-cohesin-mediated mechanisms of lung tumor suppression.

Solvatomorphic Diversity in Coordination Compounds of Copper(II) with l-Homoserine and 1,10-Phenanthroline: Syntheses, Crystal Structures and ESR Study.

In this study, we report the syntheses, crystal structures and magnetic properties of ternary copper(II) coordination compounds with l-homoserine (l-Hhser) and 1,10-phenanthroline (phen). Six new coordination compounds were obtained: [Cu(l-hser)(H2O)(phen)]2SO4·5H2O (1·5H2O), [Cu(μ-l-hser)(H2O)(phen)][Cu(l-hser)(H2O)(phen)]3(SO4)2∙12H2O (2·12H2O), {[Cu(μ-l-hser)(H2O)(phen)][Cu(μ-l-hser)(phen)]SO4·6H2O}n (3·6H2O), {[Cu(μ-l-hser)(H2O)(phen)]2SO4·3H2O}n (4·3H2O), [Cu(l-hser)(H2O)(phen)][Cu(l-hser)(CH3OH)(phen)]SO4·4H2O (5·4H2O) and {[Cu(l-hser)(CH3OH)(phen)][Cu(μ-l-hser)(phen)]SO4·5CH3OH}n (6·5CH3OH). It was shown that slight differences in water content in the synthetic mixtures highly influence the final product, so in some cases, two or three different products were obtained. The compounds were characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and ESR spectroscopy. Crystal packings are based on intensive networks of hydrogen bonds and π interactions. Most water solvent molecules in these microporous compounds are found in discrete pockets (1∙5H2O, 2∙12H2O, 3∙6H2O, 4∙3H2O). In 5∙4H2O, water molecules are packed in pockets and 1D channels and in 6∙5CH3OH methanol solvent molecules form 1D channels. ESR spectroscopy measured from room down to liquid nitrogen temperature was used for local magnetic characterization of copper centers. The spin Hamiltonian parameters obtained from the spectral simulation revealed copper coordination geometry that is in agreement with the structural results. Furthermore, ESR spectra revealed no significant exchange coupling between copper ions. 3·6H2O showed pronounced antiproliferative activity toward human colon cancer cell lines (HCT116), human breast cancer cell line (MCF-7) and human lung cancer cell lines (H460).

Betanin inspired zinc oxide nanoparticles: The potential antioxidant and anticancer activity against human lung cancer cell line (A549)

Betanin inspired zinc oxide nanoparticles: The potential antioxidant and anticancer activity against human lung cancer cell line (A549)

Investigation of the cytotoxic activity, DFT calculation, and docking studies newly synthesized 1,3-disubstituted benzimidazolium chlorides on human liver cancer, lung cancer, and normal embryonic kidney cell lines

Investigation of the cytotoxic activity, DFT calculation, and docking studies newly synthesized 1,3-disubstituted benzimidazolium chlorides on human liver cancer, lung cancer, and normal embryonic kidney cell lines

Highly durable aminated reduced graphene oxide@AuNPs@PDA composite towards impedimetric detection of A549 cells

Highly durable aminated reduced graphene oxide@AuNPs@PDA composite towards impedimetric detection of A549 cells