Human Dilemma Research Articles

Human Dilemma and Pathos in the Novels of Amitav Ghosh

Amitav Ghosh’s fiction deals with some of the most relevant issues, concerning human emotions and relations in different social and political settings. His narrative ties the readers’ delicate emotions with the indispensable emotions of the characters. His fiction has a universal appeal touching the heart of readers from all over the globe. He cleverly employs the themes, knitted wisely with the societal issues ensuing in the formation of literary magnum opus. Like a compliant scholar of the postmodern era, Amitav Ghosh propounds the conception of a piece of art that satiates not only the critical perspective of the literary critics but also the emotional thirst of the common readers. Being a journalist and a teacher as well, Ghosh has a close judgment of human suffering and pain and his psychological wisdom about fragile human relations is remarkable. In this research paper an attempt has been done to explore the themes of dilemma and pathos in the novels of Amitav Ghosh.

Mythology and Symbolism in A.K. Ramanujan’s Poem “A River”

A.K. Ramanujan was a celebrated poet who demonstrated remarkable talent in incorporating mythology and symbolism into his poetry. In “A River,” Ramanujan employs mythological allusions to enrich the poem’s meaning. A.K. Ramanujan’s poem “A River” showcases his mastery in employing mythology and symbolism to convey profound meanings. This research paper delves into the intricate web of mythological allusions and symbolic imagery used by Ramanujan in “A River.” It explores their significance in unravelling the poem’s multi-layered meanings. It underscores the broader implications of mythology and symbolism, emphasizing their enduring relevance and ability to evoke deep emotions and provoke profound contemplation. Ultimately, this study enhances our understanding and appreciation of Ramanujan’s artistic prowess and invites further exploration into the power of mythology and symbolism in literature. One of the defining features of Ramanujan’s poetry is his adept utilization of mythology. Drawing from various mythological traditions, including Hindu, Greek, and Tamil, he infuses his poems with references to mythological figures, narratives, and motifs. These mythological allusions serve multiple purposes. Firstly, it adds layers of meaning to the poems, providing a rich tapestry of cultural and historical associations. By tapping into these archetypal stories, Ramanujan taps into a collective consciousness, engaging readers on a deep and universal level. Secondly, the mythological references allow Ramanujan to explore profound existential questions and timeless human dilemmas. Through myth, he tackles themes such as love, loss, identity, and the cyclical nature of life, resonating with readers across time and space. The incorporation of mythology and symbolism in Ramanujan’s poetry enriches the aesthetic experience and offers a deeper understanding of the human condition. By analyzing the various mythological references and symbols in the poem, this paper aims to shed light on the deeper thematic exploration of identity, tradition, and the passage of time.

The Dwarfs

The Dwarfs

Remembering Robert W. Resnick, PhD: From NYC Taxi Driver to APA Award Winner

Remembering Robert W. Resnick, PhD: From NYC Taxi Driver to APA Award Winner

SAINT LAZAROS OF MOUNT GALESION – HEAVENLY MAN OR EARTHLY ANGEL

During the thousand years of Christianity, the institution of monasticism interacted with the other Byzantine institutions, being absorbed into the societal life. In the eleventh century, ordinary Byzantines or of the aristocratic class still recognized the superiority of monasticism as a model to follow for achieving the ideal of salvation. What attracted, producing admiration, was the asceticism of the monks along with the benefits that flowed from it for the people. At the same time, the more extraordinary asceticisms were, the more they became the target of criticism. First of all, they were aroused by the misunderstanding of the extraordinary power of a man to control his bodily urges so that the soul would free itself from the bondage of passions. Secondly, the asceticism of some highlighted neglect in the case of others, clerics or even monks, who were too much preocupied with material interests. Saint Lazaros, as a monk, ascetic stylite, confessor, founder of monasteries, is an emblematic saint for the eleventh century, his life written and lived describing in detail all these struggles and human dilemmas. His asceticism fits perfectly between the two reference axes of the Orthodox system of holiness: heavenly man and earthly angel. 1

China's financial rise and human rights dilemma

China's financial rise and human rights dilemma

Human rights and ethical dilemmas in the use of autonomous vehicles

Human rights and ethical dilemmas in the use of autonomous vehicles

Hermeneutics of Lázaro in The Labyrinth by Buero Vallejo

This play contributes to a better understanding of the psychological mechanism of behavior with respect to recurrent auditory hallucinations and the traumatic origin that can cause it, such as experiencing a violent event. This causes an emotional blockage of fear in the actor, due to the defense mechanism of denial, with repercussions on memory and negative feelings of guilt and shame. The author proposes an adequate emotional management for the protagonist, Lázaro. The solution is aimed at making him dare to know the truth and accept it following current clinical psychological praxis, without taking refuge in the protection of others. In this way, he will improve and may even reduce the emotional state and the hallucination. In the analysis of the work, various contents are decoded. First, the planes of reality: the physical world, the fantasy world and the inner world of the characters. Second, the trauma lodged in the subconscious and auditory hallucination. Third, relationship of defense mechanisms, emotional intelligence and memory. Fourth, plot about love relationships. Fifth, the psychological mechanisms in favor of justice and truth. It is proposed how this drama could have contributed to the social imaginary to raise awareness about the emotional management of individuals. The results indicate that this symbolic and complex work of form and content also contributes to solving other human dilemmas such as the limitation to know reality, in addition to the feelings and emotions in the subconscious, as well as to accept them. It is discovered how to cope with an ethical sense of justice in a society in democratic transition, with still open wounds that derive from a war. Also, there is the aspiration to a humane society on the part of the author.

The Case for Religious Constitutions: Comparative Constitutional Law among Buddhists and Other Religious Groups

This article argues that there is body of governing laws appearing widely throughout the global history of religions that warrants classification as constitutions. Like national constitutions, these religious constitutions present themselves as a form of “higher law” that declare the identity of a given a community, organize its structures of governing power, define its foundational norms, and authorize further acts of rulemaking. In this article, I offer an overview of these texts across several traditions and a defense of their importance in the study of comparative constitutional law. I then draw on fieldwork from Sri Lanka to provide a firsthand account of what a modern religious constitution looks like and how it works to govern one of the country’s largest communities of Buddhist monks. I conclude by urging scholars to view religion and constitutional law not as opposing legal domains but, rather, as homologous forms of social ordering that draw upon similar concepts and logics to address common human dilemmas.

Konsep Ketuhanan dalam Filsafat Erich Fromm (1900-1980)

<p>Fluctuations in the concept of God throughout the course of human life always occur. Erich Fromm (1900-1980) who was a psychoanalyst of the Frankfrut School, in his works implicitly characterized a concept he called himself 'Non-Theistic Mysticism' as a form of humanist spirituality and overcame human separateness, in terms of Fromm called ' well being 'as a consequence of its existence, which can finally overcome the human dilemma and diversity. This study is an attempt to outline the understanding of God in the perspective of Erich Fromm, as well as God's and human relations.</p>

From Franz Kafka to Franz Kafka Award Winner, Yan Lianke: Biopolitics and the Human Dilemma of Shenshizhuyi in <em>Liven</em> and <em>Dream of Ding Village</em>

To date, many studies have exhaustively explained how and why Yan Lianke deals with both the intimate relationship between disease and biopolitics and the relationship between utopia and dystopia. These are certainly the most important themes in Liven (2004) and Dream of Ding Village (2006). However, biopolitical discourses cannot fully account for the complexity, depth and humanity of these novels, which in addition to exploring the complex and protean meaning of life also represent shenshizhuyi, an expression coined by Yan Lianke to describe his human dilemma in representing the complex relationship between shen 神 (soul, spirit, mind and myths) and 实 (reality). This study aims to describe Yan Lianke’s notion of shenshizhuyi and contends that shenshizhuyi is not only a new mode of representation but also a biopolitical discourse whose origins are found in Franz Kafka’s writings, which describe and represent human nature and the human quandary as well as the process of reification of the subject. Yan Lianke’s achievements are equally important because they also describe human nature and the human quandary in a world that is gradually losing its identity.

Ethical support to psychiatry residents: a report of a Brazilian ethics consultation group

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: It is not uncommon for medical residents to deal with critically ill patients who frequently show several ethical and human dilemmas, highlighting the need for a consultation with ethical specialists. The objective of this article is to present a description of a Brazilian Ethics Consultation group designed to attend psychiatry residents. METHODS: This article reports a case of a critically ill patient with Borderline Personality Disorder with multiple intervention failures and several ethical conflicts who was seen by a resident and supported by an ethics consultation group. RESULTS: When medical residents and medical staff face severe and unusual ethical dilemmas, they might feel unprepared and have ones’ mental health impaired. Thus, this article reports a successful ethics consultation and discusses its development in other academic institutions. CONCLUSION: Medical educators and staff from academic hospitals should pay attention to the needs of the medical residents. The development and support of ethics consultation groups must be provided to fulfill the need of those residents who face serious ethical and human dilemmas.

Ariel MagnusChess with My Grandfather by Kit Maude

0 written, and nothing mars the undeniable power of this poignant and very intelligent novel. Rita D. Jacobs New York Arturo Gutiérrez Plaza Intensive Care Trans. Arthur Dixon. Columbia, South Carolina. Alliteratïon. 2020. 213 pages. “POETRY IS THAT WHICH is worth translating,” says Eliot Weinberger in 19 Ways of Looking at Wang Wei, his 1987 treatise on the difficulties of just such an enterprise. “Great poetry lives in a state of perpetual transformation, perpetual translation : the poem dies when it has no place to go.” In other words, translating poetry from one language to another requires a kind of transformation in which the poem succeeds on its own terms not only in its source language but also in the target language. Otherwise, to paraphrase the American poet and translator Robert Bly, the poem is what gets lost in translation. Arthur Dixon’s translation of Venezuelan poet Arturo Gutiérrez Plaza’s Cuidados intensivos succeeds brilliantly as both translation and English- language poetry. Gutiérrez Plaza’s voice in Spanish, his diction and rhythms, are those of everyday speech—earthy, gleaming like a rock in the sunlight. Yet at the same time it is visionary and incantatory, carrying with it poetry’s power to bring something momentous into being. To be at once straightforward on the surface but suggest the deepest human dilemmas and emotions is a hallmark of this book, a paradox Dixon’s translation brings out beautifully. For example, in “A True Story,” Gutiérrez Plaza’s speaker tells us, “It’s true, today you know nothing / for certain, / except that from one dawn to the next / things happen.” This gesture toward the mystery of existence—that our lives are disorderly, random, and mostly unfathomable—is rendered in the most straightforward diction, without the kind of embellishment that would weaken the gravity of the realization. The major themes of Intensive Care accumulate and dovetail throughout the book through such oracular pronouncements . The book’s title suggests illness and mortality but also the vocation of the poet to impose order through language on chaos, even though language has the power both to bring us closer and to separate us. In “Written at the Wrong Time,” the speaker tells us, “Had it been said before, / had it been said without pause, / then maybe, just maybe, all writing / would be in vain and time would do the talking.” Other themes of the book include the mysterious interventions of fate and the difficult situation of contemporary Venezuela at this particular historical moment. Intensive Care is Gutiérrez Plaza’s fifth book of poems but the first to be translated into English. He has won major awards in both Venezuela and Mexico and is currently a professor emeritus at the Universidad Simón Bolívar in Caracas. Given the high quality of both the poems and the translation , here’s hoping Dixon will bring us other of Gutiérrez Plaza’s books in English. Steve Bellin-Oka Tulsa, Oklahoma Ariel Magnus Chess with My Grandfather Trans. Kit Maude. Kolkata. Seagull Books. 2021. 312 pages. WHAT IS CHESS if not a metaphorical microcosm of a myriad of human institutions , conflicts, and systems? In Chess with My Grandfather, Argentine novelist Ariel Magnus (with the help of Kit Maude, his infinitely talented translator), descendant of German immigrants, shows just how honed a tool this tabletop theater has been in acting as a proxy for a vast number of human endeavors, specifically war. And what better war to allegorize than the Second World War, whose star hegemons resemble the command the King and Queen pieces have over the fate of the game? Ariel Magnus’s grandfather, Heinz Magnus , was a German Jew who managed to escape (along with his mother, father, and sister) likely death by fleeing to Buenos Aires, Argentina, after the first rumors of Hitler’s ascent and the ensuing transcontinental conflict. The plot of Heinz’s relatively languid life in Argentina crescendos when the 8th Chess Olympiad takes place between WORLDLIT.ORG 93 BOOKS IN REVIEW Frances Larson Undreamed Shores:The Hidden Heroines of British Anthropology London. Granta. 2020. 352 pages. FRANCES LARSON IS AN anthropologist at the University of Durham and the...

Arturo Gutiérrez PlazaIntensive Care by Arthur Dixon

0 written, and nothing mars the undeniable power of this poignant and very intelligent novel. Rita D. Jacobs New York Arturo Gutiérrez Plaza Intensive Care Trans. Arthur Dixon. Columbia, South Carolina. Alliteratïon. 2020. 213 pages. “POETRY IS THAT WHICH is worth translating,” says Eliot Weinberger in 19 Ways of Looking at Wang Wei, his 1987 treatise on the difficulties of just such an enterprise. “Great poetry lives in a state of perpetual transformation, perpetual translation : the poem dies when it has no place to go.” In other words, translating poetry from one language to another requires a kind of transformation in which the poem succeeds on its own terms not only in its source language but also in the target language. Otherwise, to paraphrase the American poet and translator Robert Bly, the poem is what gets lost in translation. Arthur Dixon’s translation of Venezuelan poet Arturo Gutiérrez Plaza’s Cuidados intensivos succeeds brilliantly as both translation and English- language poetry. Gutiérrez Plaza’s voice in Spanish, his diction and rhythms, are those of everyday speech—earthy, gleaming like a rock in the sunlight. Yet at the same time it is visionary and incantatory, carrying with it poetry’s power to bring something momentous into being. To be at once straightforward on the surface but suggest the deepest human dilemmas and emotions is a hallmark of this book, a paradox Dixon’s translation brings out beautifully. For example, in “A True Story,” Gutiérrez Plaza’s speaker tells us, “It’s true, today you know nothing / for certain, / except that from one dawn to the next / things happen.” This gesture toward the mystery of existence—that our lives are disorderly, random, and mostly unfathomable—is rendered in the most straightforward diction, without the kind of embellishment that would weaken the gravity of the realization. The major themes of Intensive Care accumulate and dovetail throughout the book through such oracular pronouncements . The book’s title suggests illness and mortality but also the vocation of the poet to impose order through language on chaos, even though language has the power both to bring us closer and to separate us. In “Written at the Wrong Time,” the speaker tells us, “Had it been said before, / had it been said without pause, / then maybe, just maybe, all writing / would be in vain and time would do the talking.” Other themes of the book include the mysterious interventions of fate and the difficult situation of contemporary Venezuela at this particular historical moment. Intensive Care is Gutiérrez Plaza’s fifth book of poems but the first to be translated into English. He has won major awards in both Venezuela and Mexico and is currently a professor emeritus at the Universidad Simón Bolívar in Caracas. Given the high quality of both the poems and the translation , here’s hoping Dixon will bring us other of Gutiérrez Plaza’s books in English. Steve Bellin-Oka Tulsa, Oklahoma Ariel Magnus Chess with My Grandfather Trans. Kit Maude. Kolkata. Seagull Books. 2021. 312 pages. WHAT IS CHESS if not a metaphorical microcosm of a myriad of human institutions , conflicts, and systems? In Chess with My Grandfather, Argentine novelist Ariel Magnus (with the help of Kit Maude, his infinitely talented translator), descendant of German immigrants, shows just how honed a tool this tabletop theater has been in acting as a proxy for a vast number of human endeavors, specifically war. And what better war to allegorize than the Second World War, whose star hegemons resemble the command the King and Queen pieces have over the fate of the game? Ariel Magnus’s grandfather, Heinz Magnus , was a German Jew who managed to escape (along with his mother, father, and sister) likely death by fleeing to Buenos Aires, Argentina, after the first rumors of Hitler’s ascent and the ensuing transcontinental conflict. The plot of Heinz’s relatively languid life in Argentina crescendos when the 8th Chess Olympiad takes place between WORLDLIT.ORG 93 ...

Jesus: Divine relationality and suffering creation

The basic challenge that readers of the New Testament face is not only about what Jesus Christ teaches but who he is. Functional Christology has developed at the expense of ontological Christology. This challenge centres on Jesus Christ’s relevance, in terms of his identity, not only for Christians in particular but also for creation as a whole. The question ‘who is Jesus Christ in relation to creation?’ is thus of special interest to this study. Various authors such as Gunton, Gregersen, Peacocke and others have approached this question from different perspectives. The PhD study by Rabie-Boshoff was completed to shed light into the context of dialogue between Christian theology and the science of linguistics in an effort to understand the Genesis 1 creation story. This article refers to part of the study in an effort to make sense of who Jesus Christ is in relation to creation. This provides consolation in a time of worldwide lockdown because of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) virus. The human struggle of making sense of the world is brought into sharp focus in times like these, more so in terms of making sense of their creatureliness and mortality. Although science as a valid knowledge base may provide some answers to this human dilemma, Christians in particular appeal to the Bible and their belief in Jesus Christ. This turn to Jesus, and who he is, provides human beings with enduring and satisfying answers to their suffering and pain. Contribution: This article is an attempt to contribute to the ongoing discussion on creation in terms of how human beings make sense of creation, considering who Jesus Christ is in relation to creation. Human beings have always been engaged in a process of making sense of the world they live in. Ancient cultures provide such a window, allowing a glimpse into how those cultures perceived their world.

Sustainability can start with a garden!

Purpose This paper aims to provide a readily accessible synopsis of a complex subject and consider sustainability from a personal experiential level right through to a big picture study in the context of sustainable cities. Design/methodology/approach A combination of personal experiences, on-line sources and research papers were used to trace the complex human dilemma of achieving sustainability in city environments. Although a difficult task for many people to embrace, the study presented here forwards the idea that it is possible for individuals, communities and governments to make a positive contribution by engaging in the garden city concept. Findings This paper provides a context and study on the complexities surrounding achieving sustainable cities, yet at the same time providing some insight as to what can be achieved if all levels of society are engaged. Research limitations/implications This paper emphasises the issues surrounding and importance of sustainable cities and considers a tangible goal for city dwellers at all levels of society. Practical implications This paper enables an appreciation of the role urban gardens, right through to the role that appropriate government policy, can play in contributing to, developing and conserving greenspace in cities. Social implications This paper fosters a simplified understanding of the potential of citizen contribution providing there is some awareness and the motivation to make a difference. Originality/value The study offers a brief personal perspective and connects this with relevant literature to build a case that urban sustainability, although complex, is achievable even though it may take small steps in gaining the necessary momentum.

O que resta da adolescência

Os processos dos adolescentes diante dos dilemas humanos relativos à sexualidade, morte, pertença e transformação social contam a sua própria história, mas dizem também sobre o modo como cada sociedade concebe as modalidades de inscrição do sujeito no laço social, assim como da sua disponibilidade às transformações sociais. Neste artigo vamos demonstrar os impasses nos destinos da adolescência quando o outro social, em vez de interpelar, acompanhar e apostar no adolescente transforma suas fronteiras em opacidades intransponíveis, ao modo de um front de guerra, impondo impedimentos à sua pertença ao laço social. Vamos cotejar falas dos adolescentes da peça de teatro de Frank Wedekind, de 1891, O Despertar da Primavera, com falas de adolescentes das margens das grandes cidades brasileiras. Vamos demonstrar a articulação da sexualidade à cena social e política, assim como situar o estatuto do ato diante dos impasses do adolescente frente ao lugar que lhe é ofertado no discurso social. Pode-se escutar o que resta da adolescência: a construção de uma narrativa ficcional que permita construir e nortear a sua invenção de um lugar para existir.

Visual Culture as a Pedagogical Tool Toward Human Rights and Global Citizenship

One of the goals of higher education today, and particularly many liberal arts colleges, is to aid students in their development as global citizens and ethical human beings who see the world and their role in it as holistic and interconnected. As a political scientist who teaches human rights, this goal is even more important. While this goal is in itself challenging, particularly from a position of security and abundance, it is even trickier in the context of teaching the “GenMe” student body that tends to focus on the ‘self’ and its expression through digital media and visual culture. In response, educators such as myself, seek creative and useful pedagogical tools to teach and engage students about ethical issues such as human rights. Visual culture itself is a strategic and important instrument in this endeavor. This paper will explore how I have used visual culture (e.g. art, in particular, film, theater, and photography) to engage students in a conversation about human rights and ethical dilemmas in global politics. In addition to using images to “teach” or “illustrate,” my approach moves farther in that it seeks to examine how our assumptions and our relationships to, for instance, poverty, discrimination, suffering, genocide, and our moral and political responses to these are all strongly shaped by visual representation. In a sense, American college students likely have only related to human rights abuses through a visual medium such as a film or a vivid news report. This experience shapes their understanding and response to major ethical and human rights questions. These ideas can be seen as part of visual ethics, an emerging interdisciplinary field. In examining the relationship between pedagogy, visual culture, and human rights, I will use examples from my courses where my human rights students have performed in a play, organized a film series, and studied photography as part their learning and engagement. I will seek to evaluate the usefulness of these pedagogical tools and how teachers and students can take advantage of them in the future.

Embodying Temptation: The Representation of Choice in Medieval and Early Modern Drama

The human dilemma of making everyday choices between good and evil— obedience or disobedience to God—is poignantly depicted in several medieval Miracle and Morality plays and Early Modern plays, reflecting some of the anxiety induced by the pressure to make such choices by externalising, and thus physically embodying, the alternatives. The effects of these representations and the potential outcome—salvation or damnation—of these decisions are explored in the Catholic Morality play Everyman and its successors, including Johannes Kolross’s Protestant everyman drama, Das Spil von Fünfferlei Betrachtnussen zur Buss. In the early 16th-century Miracle play Mariken van Nieumeghen, Mariken spends seven years with the devil, and in Marlowe’s late 16th-century tragedy Doctor Faustus, the protagonist enters into a contract with him. The article argues that allowing the audience to see and experience abstract concepts at a visceral level makes these concepts part of the very fabric of their lives. As a commemorative lecture, the article also draws on and extends some of the research of the late Margaret Raftery, honouring her contribution to medieval scholarship.

Human Security and the Israel-Palestine Conflict: External vs. Internal Perspectives

The formation of the State of Israel in 1948 has led to bloody course of events, which continues to this day, as to who has the right to claim the land home; the Palestinian-Arabs (mostly Muslim) or the Jewish (mostly non-Arab residents). The Israel-Palestine conflict is one of the most violent and bloodiest protracted conflict in the post World War II era, which has resulted in massive human casualties and human rights abuses for decades. The numerous wars in conjunction with the rise of militant groups like Hezbollah and Hamas have led to the development of a human security dilemma in Palestine and Israel. Decades of violence and destruction have resulted in massive human casualties, political chaos and disruption to the way of life of the people in the region. The concept of human security began to enter mainstream human rights, security and international politics debate, more prominently, after the release of the 1994 report United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) report on Human Development. The report is essentially explicit manifestations of the human rights principles enshrined in the 1948 United Nations Declaration of Humans Rights (UNDHR). Human security pushes for intense promotion and greater respect for human life in all spheres of human endeavors. This article inspects the human security dimension present in the Israel-Palestine conflict. This article encompasses two major parts. The first part provides an external understanding of how human security principles can be applied to Israel- Palestine conflict and how it affects the possibility of peace. Secondly, the article addresses the question on how people ‘inside’ the conflict view human security and the possibility of peace.