Human Computer Interaction Theory Research Articles

Human or Not?: An Experiment With Chatbot Manipulations to Test Machine Heuristics and Political Self-Concepts

Chatbots have a growing role to play in political discourse, including in political campaigns, voter mobilization ventures, and dissemination of political news, though chatbots in the political domain are relatively understudied. While testing the machine heuristics and political self-concepts frameworks, we carried out a 2 × 2 experiment where both perceived conversational partner (i.e., bot, human) and topic (i.e., political, casual) were manipulated ( N = 126). During the experiment, participants exchanged chat messages with trained research confederates for 30 min. In support of the machine heuristics and political self-concepts frameworks, participants assigned to human partners reported more positive relationships and higher political interest. Through moderation analysis, liking the partner was found to differ between the perceived partner conditions, with perceived political knowledge varying more in the human conditions. Thus, the experimental findings add nuance to interpersonal (i.e., impression management and social identity theory) and human-computer interaction theories (i.e., machine heuristics and Computers Are Social Actors), and have broader implications for online political interactions and for decisionmakers of online political discourse spaces.

ChatGPT in higher education: factors influencing ChatGPT user satisfaction and continued use intention

Artificial intelligence (AI) chatbots, represented by ChatGPT, have shown significant improvement in natural learning and problem analysis and solving, which could trigger a profound change in the education sector and have a far-reaching impact on educational practices. This study aimed to gain insights into the various impacts on users’ experience when using the AI tool ChatGPT in higher education. The study analyzed questionnaire data from 328 college students who used ChatGPT. Employing structural equation modeling, this study examined the technology acceptance model in the higher educational setting to identify factors influencing continued use of ChatGPT. The results show that ChatGPT’s compatibility positively affected users’ perceived ease of use and that efficiency positively affected perceived usefulness. Furthermore, perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness were identified as core factors affecting users’ satisfaction and continued use intentions, with user satisfaction showing a significant positive effect on continued use intention. The findings not only provide new perspectives on human–computer interaction theory in higher education but also further refine the functions of current smart devices. This study will help to promote the continued progress and improvement of educational technology, while also deepening understanding of the relationship between attitude and behavior.

Examining Theoretical Frameworks and Antecedents of Health Apps and Wearables Use: A Scoping Review

ABSTRACT The advancement of health apps and wearables has garnered substantial academic attention, particularly in examining why individuals decide to use or not use them. In response to the extensive body of research on this topic, we conducted a scoping review of 61 articles published from 2007 to 2022, aiming to examine the dominant theoretical frameworks and antecedents of health apps and wearables use. The findings demonstrated that the dominant theoretical frameworks within this domain were rooted in the human-computer interaction theories, notably the Technology Acceptance Model and the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology. Next, our review identified four levels of antecedents: technological, individual, societal, and policy. At the technological level, emphasis was placed on functionality, reliability, and technological infrastructure. Individual antecedents encompassed socio-demographics, personality traits, cognitive responses to benefits and risks, emotional and affective responses, self-efficacy, and digital literacy. Societal antecedents highlighted the role of social networks and social norms, while policy antecedents elaborated on laws, regulations, and guidelines that encouraged health technology adoption. Our discussion illuminated that the evolving trend of theoretical frameworks in health apps and wearables use research, initially rooted in human-computer interaction, is progressively moving toward more comprehensive perspectives. We further underscored the importance of delving into societal and policy antecedents, which often are overshadowed by the more commonly discussed technological and individual factors. In conclusion, we advocated for a multi-stakeholder collaborative network approach, as this would enable communication researchers to understand the use of health apps and wearables more comprehensively.

Research on the design of interactive intelligent toy art experience based on multimodal sensory

Abstract Although many kinds of intelligent toys, interactive toys that can mobilize children’s sensory experience in many aspects and cultivate their creative thinking are still scarce. In this paper, interactive experience elements are built based on virtual reality technology, image recognition technology, human-computer interaction theory, and ergonomics theory. A brain interaction network based on multimodal sensory modulation is constructed to allow intelligent toys to perceive their surroundings effectively. And the dynamic causal model (DCM) is proposed to infer the connection strength and direction of neural activities among pre-defined cortical regions of the brain. The results showed that the classification accuracy of noisy audiovisual (AVd) modality in the BA18 region was 87.87% significantly higher than that of the STS region (81.41%). The average classification accuracy of the mono-visual noise-added (Vd) modality in the BA18 ROI was 79.40%, which was also significantly higher than that of the STS ROI at 65.12%. It indicates that the interactive design based on multimodal senses can effectively stimulate children’s brain interest areas, which makes children experience better and communicate more interactions. The research results of this paper provide new perspectives and have important implications for the application of interactive intelligence to toy art.

Designing for Emotion Regulation Interventions: An Agenda for HCI Theory and Research

There is a growing interest in human-computer interaction (HCI) to envision, design, and evaluate technology-enabled interventions that support users’ emotion regulation. This interest stems in part from increased recognition that the ability to regulate emotions is critical to mental health, and that a lack of effective emotion regulation is a transdiagnostic factor for mental illness. However, the potential to combine innovative HCI designs with the theoretical grounding and state-of-the-art interventions from psychology has yet to be fully realised. In this article, we synthesise HCI work on emotion regulation interventions and propose a three-part framework to guide technology designers in making: (i) theory-informed decisions about intervention targets; (ii) strategic decisions regarding the technology-enabled intervention mechanisms to be included in the system; and (iii) practical decisions around previous implementations of the selected intervention components. We show how this framework can both systematise HCI work to date and suggest a research agenda for future work.

I will be with you Alexa! The impact of intelligent virtual assistant's authenticity and personalization on user reusage intentions

Intelligent Virtual Assistants (IVAs) such as Amazon Alexa have evolved from conversational agents (CAs) and grown tremendously in popularity and market size due to their ability to converse naturally with users and perform various tasks and services. Through relationship marketing and human-computer interaction theory and guided by Stimulus-Organism-Response theory, this paper explores the impact of authenticity and personalization of IVAs on trust, commitment, and usage intentions. Moreover, we explore the mediating influence of user involvement and connection with the IVA on the relationship between trust, commitment, and reusage intentions. The findings provide evidence for a positive effect for both perceived authenticity and personalization on commitment as well as trust. The findings also show that user involvement and connection with the IVA mediate the relationship between trust, commitment and reusage intentions. The outcome of this study provides theoretical and practical implications for improving user reusage intentions for IVAs and offer future research directions.

HCI – Human Computer Interaction Yesterday… Today… Tomorrow…

The theory of human-computer interaction is a new scientific direction today. Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) is a field of research and practice that developed in the early 1980s. Human-computer interaction (HCI) is an accompanying multidisciplinary field (e.g., engineering, psychology, ergonomics, design) that studies the theory, design, implementation, ways and methods of evolution of how people use computer devices and how they interact with them. Many researchers work to develop human-computer interaction. They represent a wide range of sciences: design, psychology, journalism ... Human computer interaction (HCI) specialists are in great demand in technology companies, which in turn influences the development of human computer interaction (HCI) training courses at universities. The paper discusses the basic theoretical and technological principles of HCI (Human Computer Interaction) human-computer interaction, based on the research papers of well-known scientists (Mandel Theo; Alan Dix; Janet Finlay; Russel Beale; John M. Carroll; Gregory Abowd; John Brooke; Jonathan Grudin; Emily LR Harriosn; Deborah Gail Tatar; Phoebe Sengers; Brad A. Myers; Christofer D. Wickens; John Lee; Yili D. Liu; Sallie Gordon-becker; Donald Norman; Elizabeth Churchill; Anne Bowser; Jennifer Preece; Gerard Jounghyum Kim; Hinze-Hoare Vita; Jakob Nielsen; Wilfred J. Hansen etc.) working in this field. The paper reviews the historical aspects of the development of human-computer interaction is; Its essence as a science is defined in the manuscript. The focus is on important aspects of human-computer interaction. Namely, the goals of human-computer interaction; Structure; Principles; Models; Systems; The principles of human-computer interface design are outlined, the importance of interface functionality and usability in the human-computer interaction process is shown; The concepts of interaction and interface are compared. Human-computer interaction approaches with current and future technologies are presented.

An Experimental Investigation of ‘Drill-and-Practice’ Mobile Apps and Young Children

The choice of mobile applications (apps) for learning has been heavily relied on customer and teacher reviews, designers’ descriptions, and alignment with existing learning and human-computer interaction theories. There is limited empirical evidence to advise on the educational value of mobile apps as these are used by children. Understanding the impact of mobile apps on young children’s learning is timely given the lack of evidence-based recommendations that could guide parents and teachers in selecting apps for their children. In this paper, we present the results of a series of randomised control trial (RCTs) with 376 children aged 5 to 6 years old who interacted with two maths apps in three schools in the UK. Pre/post-test comparisons revealed learning gains in both the control and intervention groups, suggesting that the selected applications are equally good to standard maths practice. Implications for the selection and use of mobile apps are discussed.

User oppression in human-computer interaction: a dialectical-existential perspective

PurposeThis research theorizes the condition of human beings reduced to being users (and only users) in human-computer interaction (HCI), a condition that favors them becoming objects or targets of commercial dark patterns, racialized profiling algorithms, generalized surveillance, gendered interfaces and heteromation.Design/methodology/approachThe reconceptualization of the users’ condition is done by confronting HCI theories on users with a dialectical-existential perspective over human ontology. The research is presented as a conceptual paper that includes analyzing and revising those theories to develop a conceptual framework for the user oppression in HCI.FindingsMost HCI theories contribute to the user oppression with explicit or implicit ontological statements that denies their becoming-more or the possibility of users developing their handiness to the full human potential. Put together, these statements constitute an ideology called userism.Social implicationsHCI needs to acknowledge its role in structuring oppression not just in sexism, racism, classism and ableism, but also the specific relation that pertains to HCI: userism. Similar to other fields, acknowledging oppression is the first step toward liberating from oppression.Originality/valueThe user is an existential condition for HCI theories, yet few theories can explain in depth how this condition affects human development. From the dialectical-existential perspective, the user condition can be dehumanizing. Computers may intensify existing oppressions through esthetic interactions but these interactions can be subverted for liberation.

Factors related to tertiary education teachers' use of the Microsoft Teams platform

Previous research disclosed that teachers faced challenges while using different learning management systems during the COVID-19 outbreak. This study investigated teachers' perceptions of Microsoft Teams' functionalities and the extent to which they are related to teachers' time spent on it as well as the various factors associated with their syllabus coverage. Situated within human-computer interaction theory, 157 university teachers at Chouaib Doukkali University, Morocco, were administered a questionnaire that measured their perception of the functionalities offered by Microsoft Teams. Results indicated that teachers' perceptions of the functionalities offered by learning management systems also play an intervening variable in the deployment of these tools in teaching. Hence, this paper calls for an extension and re-adaptation of existing models such as the technology acceptance model and the system usability scale to include an evaluation of the functionalities offered by these tools.

Design of a Virtual Reality Interactive Training System for Public Health Emergency Preparedness for Major Emerging Infectious Diseases: Theory and Framework

BackgroundSufficient public health emergency preparedness (PHEP) is the key factor in effectively responding to and recovering from major emerging infectious diseases (MEIDs). However, in the face of MEIDs, PHEP is insufficient, so it is necessary to improve PHEP. The rapid development of virtual reality and human-computer interaction provides unprecedented opportunities for innovative educational methods.ObjectiveThis study designed a virtual reality interactive training system (VRITS) to provide an effective path for improving PHEP in the context of MEIDs so that the public can effectively respond to and recover from MEIDs.MethodsThis study used interactive narrative, situated learning and human-computer interaction theories as a theoretical framework to guide the design of the system. We used the literature research method and the Delphi method; consulted multidisciplinary experts, such as infectious diseases, disease control, psychology, and public health personnel, to determine the educational content framework; and set up an interdisciplinary team to construct an operating system framework for the VRITS.ResultsWe named the VRITS “People’s War Against Pandemic.” The educational content framework includes 20 knowledge, emotion, and behavior skills in 5 aspects (cooperating with prevention and control work, improving emergency response ability, guaranteeing supplies and equipment, preparing economic resources, and maintaining physical and mental health). The operating system framework includes virtual interactive training, knowledge corner, intelligent evaluation, and community forum modules, and the core module is the virtual interactive training module. In this module, users control virtual characters to move in various scenes, and then identify and analyze the controllability and harmfulness of the evolving pandemic and select the correct prevention and control strategy to avoid infecting themselves and others.ConclusionsThe development and sharing of the multidisciplinary theoretical framework adopted by People’s War Against Pandemic can help us clarify the design ideas and assumptions of the VRITS; predict training results; understand the ability of training to change emergency knowledge, emergency emotion, and behavioral responses to MEIDs; and promote the development of more effective training systems based on virtual reality.

Alexa, she's not human but… Unveiling the drivers of consumers' trust in voice‐based artificial intelligence

AbstractWith the development of deep connections between humans and Artificial Intelligence voice‐based assistants (VAs), human and machine relationships have transformed. For relationships to work it is essential for trust to be established. Although the capabilities of VAs offer retailers and consumers enhanced opportunities, building trust with machines is inherently challenging. In this paper, we propose integrating Human–Computer Interaction Theories and Para‐Social Relationship Theory to develop insight into how trust and attitudes toward VAs are established. By adopting a mixed‐method approach, first, we quantitatively examine the proposed model using Covariance‐Based Structural Equation Modeling on 466 respondents; based on the findings of this study, a second qualitative study is employed to reveal four main themes. Findings show that while functional elements drive users' attitude toward using VAs, the social attributes, being social presence and social cognition, are the unique antecedents for developing trust. Additionally, the research illustrates a peculiar dynamic between privacy and trust and it shows how users distinguish two different sources of trustworthiness in their interactions with VAs, identifying the brand producers as the data collector. Taken together, these results reinforce the idea that individuals interact with VAs treating them as social entities and employing human social rules, thus supporting the adoption of a para‐social perspective.

Humor and camera view on mobile short-form video apps influence user experience and technology-adoption intent, an example of TikTok (DouYin)

Mobile short-form videos on social media apps are increasingly popular. Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) theories may be extended to short-form video apps to understand and improve app user experience, as well as to persuade new technology-adoption. The present study examined the psychological responses and persuasive outcomes associated with short-form videos on a mobile social media app. In a 2 (low- V.S. high-level humor) X 2 (first- V.S. third-person view) between-subject experimental design, participants (N = 81) were randomly assigned one of the four sets of videos about smart homes; post-viewing, they filled out an online questionnaire. Results of ANCOVA demonstrated significant effects of videos' humor and camera view on the viewer perceptions of Immersion, Social Presence and Entertainment but not on Spatial Presence and Perceptual Realism: Humor had mixed effects on the interaction between users and the mobile app; the first-person camera view elevated viewers' Immersion, Social Presence, Entertainment. As a PROCESS mediation test showed, Social Presence mediated (by 56.78%) the indirect link between the level of humor getting from a video and the viewers’ post-viewing intent to adopt the technology depicted in the video. The study demonstrated values of extending HCI theories to mobile short-form video apps. Implications were discussed in terms of using appropriate humor and camera view for improving user experience and persuading serious agenda.

Introduction to Human-Building Interaction (HBI)

Buildings and urban spaces increasingly incorporate artificial intelligence and new forms of interactivity, raising a wide span of research questions about the future of human experiences with, and within, built environments. We call this emerging area Human-Building Interaction (HBI) and introduce it as an interdisciplinary domain of research interfacing Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) with Architecture and Urban Design. HBI seeks to examine the involvement of HCI in studying and steering the evolution of built environments. Therefore, we need to ask foundational questions such as the following: what are the specific attributes of built environments that HCI researchers should take into account when shifting attention and scale from “artefacts” to “environments”? Are architecture and interaction design methods and processes compatible? Concretely, how can a team of interaction designers bring their tools to an architectural project, and collaborate with other stakeholders? Can and will architecture change the theory and practice of HCI? Furthermore, research in HBI should produce knowledge and practical guidelines by experimenting novel design instances that combine architecture and digital interaction. The primary aim of this article is to specify the mission, vision, and scope of research in HBI. As the introductory article to the TOCHI special issue, it also provides a summary of published manuscripts and describes their collective contribution to the development of this field.

The Usability Construct: A Dead End?

“Usability” is a construct conceived by the human–computer interaction (HCI) community to denote a desired quality of interactive systems and products. Despite its prominence and intensive use in HCI research, the usefulness of the usability construct to HCI theories and to our understanding of HCI has been meager. In this article I propose and discuss two reasons for this state of affairs. The first is that usability is an umbrella construct. Umbrella constructs are prevalent in scientific fields that are broad, diverse, and lack a unifying research paradigm. Accordingly, umbrella constructs, such as usability, tend to be vague and loose, characteristics that challenge our ability to accumulate and communicate knowledge and to capture real-world phenomena. The second reason involves the nature of the relations between the usability construct and its measures, a topic rarely discussed in HCI research. There appears to be a mismatch between how the HCI community has (implicitly) conceptualized these relations and how it has empirically examined them. The relations have been conceptualized according to a formative measurement model but have mostly been tested according to a reflective measurement model. The trouble is that representing the usability construct by the reflective model appears inappropriate, and representing it by the formative model involves considerable difficulties. Possible ways of addressing these issues are discussed, each with its advantages and drawbacks. I conclude that for scientific research on this subject to progress, the usability construct ought to be unbundled and replaced by well-defined constructs. The issues discussed in this article are relevant to other HCI umbrella concepts and constructs such as user experience.

Visual perception of multi-column-layout text: insight from repeated and non-repeated reading

ABSTRACTInformation processing speed affects reading performance and interaction with text. Understanding how column type in an online context influences reading effectiveness can help us to identify less effective layouts. This study explored the visual perception of 23 participants while they read text arranged in a multi-column layout. Two tasks (repeated reading and non-repeated reading) were designed and assessed to have the same level of difficulty. Information was organised according to three types of column layout (one, two, or three columns). Eye movement analysis showed that participants performed best in a three-column layout for repeated reading, and with one column for normal reading. We also found that the repeated reading technique reduced readers’ distraction and therefore increased their visual performance, which in turn increased information processing, regardless of column layout. These findings with regard to single- and multi-column layouts can help suggest effective reading configurations for online readers and provide insights for human–computer interaction theories on human interaction with different typographic elements.

Making HCI theory work: an analysis of the use of activity theory in HCI research

ABSTRACTThis paper reports a study of the use of activity theory in human–computer interaction (HCI) research. We analyse activity theory in HCI since its first appearance about 25 years ago. Through an analysis and meta-synthesis of 109 selected HCI activity theory papers, we created a taxonomy of 5 different ways of using activity theory: (1) analysing unique features, principles, and problematic aspects of the theory; (2) identifying domain-specific requirements for new theoretical tools; (3) developing new conceptual accounts of issues in the field of HCI; (4) guiding and supporting empirical analyses of HCI phenomena; and (5) providing new design illustrations, claims, and guidelines. We conclude that HCI researchers are not only users of imported theory, but also theory-makers who adapt and develop theory for different purposes.

Mobile Learning Applications Designing Concepts and Challenges: Survey

The aim of this study is to discuss the mobile learning, for we know that mobile learning now a days play an important role in education and learning, most of people all over the world nowadays using smart mobile phone, PDAs through wireless mobile technology anywhere and at anytime, each new generation of mobile has new features and applications, the usage of mobile devices are continually increasing, one of these usage within last decades is Mobile learning, people learn material from different locations and sources and the freely control their on learning by choosing what they want to learn and what time and what source, many work have been done in the area of mobile learning and it consider to be one of the future learning techniques, this study discusses the general concept of mobile learning and the proposed works and the effective of M-learning in the life, discuss the essential role of mobile learning process and then it will investigate the Comparison between mobile learning and other types of learning. And also we will discuss witch evaluation and selection criteria of M-learning applications are being used and then we will investigate if the criteria used by the users are enough or we need more criteria to insure the usability of the M-learning application according to the Human Computer Interaction theories (HCI) and ISO standards.

Based on Man-Machine Interaction Interface Design of Product

This paper describes the human-computer interaction theory, experience from the user's point of view, with the aid of system design, the use of products in the process of non amenity factors, industrial product interface design and analyzes the existing problems, puts forward product interface design principles and methods, through the analysis of the user model, points out the good interaction the design can realize the user experience, improve people's quality of life.

Lowering the line of visibility: incidental users in service encounters

Recent economic and technological developments have led to the emergence of the services industry and to the important role that information technology (IT) plays in it. The emergence of IT-based services, which has merged people's roles as customers and users, calls for closer collaboration between the domains of human–computer interaction (HCI) and services science. This article offers three contributions within this context. First, we elaborate on the concept of the ‘incidental user’ – a person involved as a customer in a service encounter that includes exchange of information with an IT system, often mediated by a service representative who is the main user of the system. Second, we suggest that two key design aspects – sharing information with incidental users and increasing their control over the interaction – can improve the service provided by the organisation to its customers. We propose a theoretical model that describes the consequences of such design decisions on the incidental user and on the service encounter. Specifically, we propose that these decisions improve the effectiveness of the service encounter and customers’ trust in the service-providing organisation. Finally, we suggest and demonstrate design solutions that expand the range of information exchanged between the service representative and the customer – by sharing information and/or by extending the level of interaction available to the customer. By applying established HCI practices and theories, and considering new design solutions, designers of service encounter environments can improve the customer's service experience and the service provider's effectiveness.