Development Of Human Civilization Research Articles

PHILOSOPHICAL ANALYSIS OF THE TRADITIONAL IMAGE OF NATURE IN ANCIENT CHINESE PHILOSOPHY

The article is devoted to the modern analysis of approaches to the image of nature in Ancient Chinese philosophy. In the research, the author focuses attention on the image of nature as an important element for research in ecological and philosophical discourses. The concept of understanding the concept of Nature in ancient Chinese philosophy is revealed. Attention is drawn to the peculiarity of Ancient Chinese philosophy as one of the oldest philosophies in the world, the specifics of its thinking and understanding of nature are revealed, which influenced the development of human civilization in general. The main question of this study is the analysis of approaches to the transcription of the image of nature in ancient Chinese philosophy and its significance for modern human civilization. By reviewing and analyzing the relevant literature, the evolution of this phenomenon is revealed.

PHILOSOPHICAL ANALYSIS OF THE TRADITIONAL IMAGE OF NATURE IN ANCIENT CHINESE PHILOSOPHY

The article is devoted to the modern analysis of approaches to the image of nature in Ancient Chinese philosophy. In the research, the author focuses attention on the image of nature as an important element for research in ecological and philosophical discourses. The concept of understanding the concept of Nature in ancient Chinese philosophy is revealed. Attention is drawn to the peculiarity of Ancient Chinese philosophy as one of the oldest philosophies in the world, the specifics of its thinking and understanding of nature are revealed, which influenced the development of human civilization in general. The main question of this study is the analysis of approaches to the transcription of the image of nature in ancient Chinese philosophy and its significance for modern human civilization. By reviewing and analyzing the relevant literature, the evolution of this phenomenon is revealed.

Rethinking Sociality in Language Evolution: Enlanguagement as a Catalyst for Shifts in Developmental Pathways

Abstract A significant body of research on the roots of human language highlights the crucial role played by changes in ancestral sociality. Recent studies have revived the hypothesis of human self-domestication, arguing that it provides new insights into the development of human sociality, cultural evolution, and symbolic communication. While the concept of domestication offers an intriguing interpretation of the co-evolution of body, cognition, and behavior, its application to human evolution is controversial. This paper explores an alternative perspective, suggesting that the enlanguagement of interactions may have acted as a catalyst for evolutionary change. We propose that the consolidation of enlanguaged practices, underpinned by the amplification of social dispositions, set in motion an evolutionary spiral. We explore how this process may have reshaped ancestral developmental trajectories and niches, ultimately culminating in the distinctive mode of life that characterizes our species.

Effect of lignin on the structure-property behavior of metal-coordinated and chemically crosslinked ethylene-propylene-diene-monomer composites

The efficient development and utilization of green biomass-based macromolecule engineering materials are essential for the sustainable development of human civilization. In this study, lignin-based ethylene-propylene-diene-monomer (EPDM) composites with excellent mechanical performance were fabricated using a simple method. The effects of water-insoluble enzymatically hydrolyzed lignin (EL) and alkali lignin (KL) on the mechanical performance of the composites were investigated separately. The results showed that the tensile strength of EPDM reinforced with KL and EL increased to 24.5 MPa and 22.1 MPa, respectively, surpassing that of the carbon black (CB)-reinforced EPDM. After 72 h of thermo-oxidative aging, the retention rates of the tensile strength and elongation at break in the lignin-reinforced EPDM were much better than those formed with pure CB, indicating that lignin significantly improved the thermo-oxidative aging resistance of the composites. In summary, the Zn2+ coordination bonds formed between the interface of EPDM and lignin in lignin/CB/EPDM ternary composites effectively improved the mechanical performance and aging resistance of the composites. This study has significant implications for enhancing the utilization of lignin and green functional polymer materials.

EXPLORING THE EVOLUTION OF SUSTAINABILITY SCIENCE UNDERSTANDING THE COMPLEXITY AND DEVELOPMENT OF SUSTAINABILITY PROGRAMS

Objective: The objective of this study are to investigate what and how existing sustainability programs are, to group and map these sustainability programs' main ideas to gain a more constructive and integrated understanding, and to find clues or opportunities to improve efforts to achieve sustainability. Theoretical Framework: The concept of sustainable development remains complex, ambiguous, and challenging to implement. The global environmental situation is worsening, leading to disasters and unfavorable climate change. Despite numerous efforts such as seminars, research, conferences, and work programs, both locally and globally, the understanding and implementation of sustainability remain unclear. There are differing views on the focus and strategy needed to address the development paradox, indicating a lack of consensus on the true meaning of sustainability. Method: This qualitative descriptive research employs a two-tiered literature review approach. The first focuses on the historical correlation between development and sustainability, examining early human civilization's development activities during the Neolithic era. The second tier analyzes and categorizes existing sustainability programs, reviewing various research articles on environmental preservation, natural resource protection, impact reduction, and social equity programs since the first industrial revolution. The findings are synthesized critically and comprehensively to identify common themes and core ideas. Results and Discussion: This study acknowledges the complexity and challenges of sustainability, emphasizing the ongoing relevance of conservation and resilience as core concepts. To address the dichotomy of development, new sustainability programs must also consider the revitalization of natural resources, continuity of ecosystem services, biodiversity maintenance, and resilience building. Approaches such as ecosophy and predictive methods based on dynamic phenomena can contribute (as a clue) to achieving sustainability goals by encouraging holistic thinking, balancing human and environmental needs, and promoting co-evolution. Research Implications: The complexity and constellation of diverse and intricate sustainability programs can be seen through this research. Although limited, these findings are expected to contribute to Sustainability science through a more comprehensive and constructive understanding of sustainability history and knowledge that has been described. Originality/Value: This study conducts a comprehensive research method covering various disciplines and a broad scope of sustainable development, including its evolution since the industrial revolution and aspects related to history of development. The research result creates a visual map representing the structure of existing sustainability programs, serving as a guide for proposing new research initiatives. This knowledge facilitates aligning new proposals with existing themes, bridging gaps in theories, and fostering the exploration and development of innovative sustainability ideas.

The Interaction Between Cumulative Culture and Gender

In a society characterized by rapid technological and social advancements, we inherit knowledge from our predecessors while simultaneously building upon it to forge new cultural developments, and such process contributes to the Cumulative culture, the continuous and interactive process of adding innovations to a socially heritable unity of knowledge. Considering the prevalence of gender inequality background in our cultures, this academic article explores the intricate relationship between gender equality and cumulative culture. This paper posits that gender, as defined within the constraints of male and female due to various limitations, plays a pivotal role in this cumulative cultural process. As the results, the examination reveals a clear and positive association between cumulative culture and gender equality. Cumulative culture wields a significant influence over children's choices of gender role models, consequently impacting knowledge transmission and children's labor allocation. Simultaneously, fostering gender egalitarianism offers a pivotal avenue for advancing the evolution of human cumulative culture. This paper aims to declare the benefits of gender equality towards cultural evolution and humanity and proposes the potential ways to foster cultural societal thriving.

Wie erlebt man die Evolution? Kulturelle Evolution als Lebenserfahrung

AbstractThe evolution of human culture continues to divide social and biological science. Key issues for both sides are the complexity and variability of culture, the frequency of cultural traits that have no adaptive or functional value, and the apparent exceptionality of human creativity and rationality. This article argues that an examination of how evolution affects the lifetime experience of evolution can reconcile these features of human culture with Darwin’s contention that natural and cultural selection follow the same process of evolution. The article offers a new paradigm that focuses on the relationship between uncertainty and choice in human cultural evolution.

Memetics and the Parallel Architecture.

The evolution of human communication and culture is among the most significant-and challenging-questions we face in attempting to understand the evolution of our species. This article takes up two frameworks for theorizing about human communication and culture, namely, Jackendoff's Parallel Architecture of the human language faculty, and the cultural evolutionary framework of Memetics. The aim is to show that the two frameworks uniquely complement one another in some theoretically important ways. In particular, the Parallel Architecture's account of the lexicon significantly expands the range of linguistic phenomena that are plausibly covered by Memetics (e.g., from words to constructions and pure rules of syntax). At the same time, taking a "meme's-eye-view" of the lexicon retools the Parallel Architecture's treatment of the origins and subsequent cultural evolution of language.

Blue light-mediated gene expression as a promising strategy to reduce antibiotic resistance in Escherichia coli.

The discovery of antibiotics has noticeably promoted the development of human civilization; however, antibiotic resistance in bacteria caused by abusing and overusing greatly challenges human health and food safety. Considering the worsening situation, it is an urgent demand to develop emerging nontraditional technologies or methods to address this issue. With the expanding of synthetic biology, optogenetics exhibits a tempting prospect for precisely regulating gene expression in many fields. Consequently, it is attractive to employ optogenetics to reduce the risk of antibiotic resistance. Here, a blue light-controllable gene expression system was established in Escherichia coli based on a photosensitive DNA-binding protein (EL222). Further, this strategy was successfully applied to repress the expression of β-lactamase gene (bla) using blue light illumination, resulting a dramatic reduction of ampicillin resistance in engineered E. coli. Moreover, blue light was utilized to induce the expression of the mechanosensitive channel of large conductance (MscL), triumphantly leading to the increase of streptomycin susceptibility in engineered E. coli. Finally, the increased susceptibility of ampicillin and streptomycin was simultaneously induced by blue light in the same E. coli cell, revealing the excellent potential of this strategy in controlling multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria. As a proof of concept, our work demonstrates that light can be used as an alternative tool to prolong the use period of common antibiotics without developing new antibiotics. And this novel strategy based on optogenetics shows a promising foreground to combat antibiotic resistance in the future.

Selection and Increasing Complexity in Evolution

This paper explores the concept of complexity in the evolution of life and human culture, proposing that the overarching increase in complexity is driven by the fundamental mechanism of selection. From the origin of life to contemporary human culture, selection plays a pivotal role in favoring complexity in reproductive processes and cultural expressions. The paper distinguishes two main phases of life on Earth: the emergence and evolution of life and animals, and the subsequent emergence of the human species with its complex cultural expressions. Despite apparent differences, both phases are argued to be guided by the same fundamental mechanism—selection, taking various forms such as adaptive natural selection, non-adaptive selection, sexual selection, and memetic selection. The paper identifies the acquisition of language as a crucial development, influenced by imitation and sexual selection, and suggests that the strong selective pressure for language has driven the rapid growth of the human brain and intelligence. This enhanced intelligence, in turn, has played a pivotal role in cultural, scientific, and technological achievements marked by unprecedented levels of complexity. The role of memetic selection is explored in the dissemination of religion across human societies, and the unintended consequences of Martin Luther's introduction of literacy and schooling for Western culture are examined. By integrating evolutionary principles with cultural and linguistic insights, this paper offers a comprehensive perspective on the unifying force of selection in the evolution of complexity in life and human culture.

ENCOURAGING PRO-ENVIRONMENTAL BEHAVIOUR: THE FUNCTION OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONNECTEDNESS, ENVIRONMENTAL ETHICS, & ENVIRONMENTAL KNOWLEDGE

The environment is essential in determining the well-being and quality of human life. The rapid development of human civilization causes humans to depend highly on the world of science and technology. Unfortunately, this speed causes people to become complacent in carrying out their responsibility to protect the environment. The effects of these activities have begun to be felt by today's generation. Despite a strong consensus about human environmental responsibility, many people fail to behave in line with their pro-environmental behaviour. This study examines the interrelationship between environmental connectedness, ethics, knowledge, and pro-environmental behaviour. The quantitative survey method and convenience sampling collected data from the Malaysian public. The final valid data of 247 respondents were analysed using descriptive statistics and regression analysis conducted within SPSS. The regression results showed that environmental connectedness, ethics, and knowledge significantly influenced pro-environmental behaviour. These results indicate that citizens who are emotionally attached to the environment, ethically value the environment, and are highly knowledgeable on how to preserve and conserve the environment will help guarantee a comfortable life. Several theoretical and practical implications are also highlighted in this paper.

Pengaruh Pengembangan Sumber Daya Manusia dan Budaya Organisasi Terhadap Kinerja Pegawai di Sekretariat DPRD Kota Ambon

This research aims to find out the Human Resource Development influences on the performance of employees in the Ambon City DPRD Secretariat; to know the organizational culture influence on the employee performance in the Secretariat of Ambon city DPRD; and to learn the development of human resources and the culture of the organization influence the workforce performance in Ambon town DPRD secretariat. The type of research in this study is qualitative descriptive research, with a population and sample of 53 employees (census method). This shows that the DPRD Secretariat gives an opportunity to officials who want to improve education and provide training in accordance with the Tupoxy, and by itself to influence the disadvantage of staff performance. Each employee has demonstrated a high level of work integrity in accordance with the characteristics of the organization, striving to be responsible in work, disciplined and result-oriented, thus contributing to improved employee performance. The development of human resources and organizational culture has influenced the improvement of staff performance in the Secretariat of the DPRD City of Ambon.

Time-Transgressive Onset of Holocene Climate Optimum in Arid Central Asia and Its Association with Cultural Exchanges

Arid central Asia (ACA) is dominated by mid-latitude westerlies and characterized by a climate optimum (a relatively humid climate that has supported the development of human culture) in clear contrast with the climate of monsoonal Asia during the Holocene. Significantly, whether the onset of the Holocene Climate Optimum (HCO) had an impact on cultural exchanges along the ancient Silk Road remains unknown. In this study, we compared the onset of the HCO in different parts of the vast ACA region by referring to a variety of previously established paleo-moisture/precipitation records. Intriguingly, we found significant differences in the onset of the HCO between the western and eastern parts of ACA. The onset of the HCO in the western part of ACA (i.e., to the west of the Tianshan Mountains) mainly occurred at ~8 ka BP (1 ka = 1000 cal yr BP). In contrast, the onset of the HCO occurred at ~6 ka in northern Xinjiang and even as late as ~5 ka in southern Xinjiang; this is a delay of 2–3 thousand years compared with the western part of ACA. These results likely indicate that the onset of the HCO occurred in a time-transgressive manner in ACA, namely, ‘early in the west but late in the east’. On the other hand, we found that the onset of the HCO in the western part of ACA may have resulted in the inception of wheat planting and the development of agricultural civilization and that the onset of the HCO in northern Xinjiang may have prompted the southward migration of Afanasievo culture after ~5 ka. Additionally, the initiation of the HCO in southern Xinjiang could provide an environmental basis for the spread and planting of wheat and millet in this area after ~4.5 ka. We speculate that the spatial differences in the onset of the HCO in ACA are mainly related to temporal changes in the intensity and position of the mid-latitude westerly jet. Although the increase in insolation and reduction in the global ice volume would have led to an increase in the water vapor feeding the western part of ACA around 8 ka, the climate in the eastern part of ACA (namely, the Xinjiang region) could have only become humid after 6 ka when the westerlies were intensified and became positioned in the south. Moreover, the delayed HCO in southern Xinjiang probably benefited from the stronger westerly winds that appeared around 5 ka, which could have overcome the influence of the tall topography of the Tianshan Mountains. Therefore, in addition to external forcing (i.e., insolation), the ocean–atmospheric teleconnection, the regional topography, and their connection to the climate system are important in determining the spatial differences in the time-transgressive onset of the HCO in ACA. Our findings contribute to understanding the spatio-temporal characteristics of the hydroclimate in regions with complex eco-environmental systems and a diverse history of human activity.

Low-latitude forcing on 4.2 ka event indicated by records in the Asian monsoon region

The 4.2 ka event is an important climatic event of the Holocene that is expected to considerably influence the development of human civilizations. However, the forcing mechanism of the 4.2 ka event remains unclear, with current evidence being divided between high-latitude and low-latitude forcings. The Asian climate system contains strong summer and winter monsoon circulations, and thus the region is ideal for studying high- and low-latitude climate forcings on 4.2 ka event. In this study, we present a high-resolution pollen record of the past 5000 years from Wudalianchi Crater Lake in northeastern China in the East Asian monsoon region. An evident decrease in broadleaf trees occurred during the 4.2 ka event, suggesting a decrease in summer monsoon rainfall. Well-dated high-resolution pollen, stalagmite δ18O, and winter monsoon records were collected to study the possible transportation of high- and low-latitude signals. Most of the pollen records showed significant changes during the 4.2 ka event, while no apparent change was found in winter monsoon records. Meanwhile, more obvious changes in stalagmite δ18O records were observed in lower- rather than the higher-latitude regions around 4.2 ka. Our results suggest that the signal of the 4.2 ka event might be transported by low-latitude processes, thus corresponding to a low-latitude forcing.

THE IMPORTANCE OF SAUDI WOMEN’S WORK AND ITS ROLE IN SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT A SOCIOHISTORICAL APPROACH

Sociologists have praised the importance of the historical, evolutionary study of social phenomena, as ignoring the historical dimension in social study means neglecting how these phenomena, problems, and ideas arose. Accordingly, the analysis in this study begins from a historical review of women’s work in Saudi society, and perhaps the basic basis is to invoke history as a reference for tracking women’s work. Saudi Arabia in this study is a tool for reading and understanding the development of human civilization, as an example and lesson, and for thinking and contemplating according to the Khaldunian perspective. It is also a solid cultural base for clarifying the facts. Accordingly, this study aimed to identify the role of education in the work of Saudi women, as well as to reveal the historical path of women’s work. In addition to identifying the role of the five-year development plans and Vision 2030 in supporting and empowering Saudi women, the researcher relied on the descriptive and analytical approaches as well as the historical approach by reviewing studies, previous literature, and books related to the subject of the study, and then analyzing them to reach results and propose recommendations. The study concluded The issue of women’s empowerment occupies an advanced position among the concerns of modern social and economic development thought, based on the belief in the importance of the role that they can play in serving their country and pushing its development process forward. The development that has occurred in the status and role of women has been an essential component in the social and economic development of the Kingdom of Arabia. Saudi Arabia in various sectors

지방법원 경매절차상 종물과 부종성에 관한 연구

An accessory means it in case the owner of the object attaches another object belonging to him in order to continue using the object. As a rule, subordinate goods follow the disposal of the main goods. Therefore, the second thing means that another thing owned by the owner of the thing is attached to it, and if a thing belonging to another person is attached to the main thing, it cannot be a second thing in principle. If there is a disposition for a principle property and a public disclosure method is provided, there is no change in property right to the specific product even if a separate disclosure method is not provided for the specific product. Since the dependence on a principle property is weak, a separate public disclosure method must be provided for the principle property to cause a change in property rights. There is a limit to regulating new legal acts, which are special transactions, with the existing system in the reality that new legal acts are generated and activated due to human culture and economic development following the development of science and industrial technology. When a legal system suitable for new legal acts and economic development is established, transaction safety will be guaranteed and new legal acts and economic development will take place. In case of property rights, the disclosure method must be prepared to cause the change of the property rights, and according to the theory of property rights, it is not the case, but rights with property rights can be registered. It is necessary to have a procedure for preparing the public disclosure method for the specific product and the public disclosure method for the subsidiary right.

The Value of Folk Belief in Chinese Films

Folk belief is closely related to people's life, and it is the value crystallization of the agglomeration and evolution of human society and culture. Folk beliefs are also presented in literary and artistic works, and diversified social and cultural values are constructed together with the texts, showing the cultural pattern based on folk beliefs. In Chinese films, the folk custom also constructs the special value and cultural connotation of the film art based on the video text, and the folk belief in the film art echoes each other, establishing the dual value of the film art and the folk belief.

The Analysis of Corporate Management Bias in China’s Public Sector: A Perspective from Gender Discrimination

Nowadays, gender discrimination has been gaining an increasing amount of attention which mostly focus on methods and adjustments to eliminate this inequality and spread the importance of sex equality, creating a fair and comfortable environment for all human to study, work, and live. In China, this issue has been focused on for a long time without suitable solutions and policies as well as real actions to change this unfair situation, especially in the workplace. If this cannot be solved, humans will keep the unbalancing between males and females which is shown not only in their careers but also in their daily lives. As soon as this gender discrimination issue is solved, people all over the world will gain respect, responsibility, development of human civilization, equality, and an open mind and so many advantages waiting to be discovered for humans. Finally, other problems and arguments are going to be solved by researchers and expertises and all citizen are going to have equal positions in China. Although there are still far more researches which are necessary to do and the gap between males and females has not been closed yet, the amount of women being executive managers is expected to rise from the author’s perspectives and the gap has been getting smaller.

The human right to security in a foreign and domestic historical and legal view

The article examines the historical and legal context of scientific substantiation of the human right to security. The research is based on the classical legal scholarly works of Plato, Aristotle, John Locke, Jean- Jacques Rousseau, Niccolo Machiavelli, and other prominent lawyers and philosophers. The article also examines the current position of domestic lawyers, such as: O.B. Bondar, V.P. Vaskovska, Yu. Lutsenko,
 V.O. Melnyk, A.H. Stepaniuk, D.O. Tikhomirov, I.S. Yakovets and others. The purpose of the article is to analyze the phenomenon of security and, in particular, the human right to security at the stages of development of human civilization and to express its content; to summarize and explain the options for different interpretations of the category «security» in historical and legal thought. The methodology was based on a comparative approach using the epistemological, historical method, methods of analysis and abstraction. During the study, it was found that humanity and individuals are constantly striving to understand and implement security concepts. The main stages of the development of the understanding of the notion and concept of security were identified: the first was the ancient period - during which security had a mythological basis and color and was associated with the existence of belief in the concept of magic; the next was the Middle Ages - during which security was viewed through the prism of divine existence; the next period was the Renaissance, in which security was the subject of research regardless of the spiritual and mythological concept, but was not considered in the context of security for all, but its class-unequal character remains; the New Era comes with the realization of one’s right to respect for one’s honor and dignity, equality, and the elevation of human life to the pedestal of life’s values. An analysis of the stages of development of human civilization has led to the conclusion that regardless of the level of development of humanity, the peculiarities of its existence in different periods and socio-economic formations, the desire to achieve the maximum level of security in the life of an individual, the state and society remains unchanged.

Child and adolescent foraging: New directions in evolutionary research.

Young children and adolescents in subsistence societies forage for a wide range of resources. They often target child-specific foods, they can be very successful foragers, and they share their produce widely within and outside of their nuclear family. At the same time, while foraging, they face risky situations and are exposed to diseases that can influence their immune development. However, children's foraging has largely been explained in light of their future (adult) behavior. Here, we reinterpret findings from human behavioral ecology, evolutionary medicine and cultural evolution to center foraging children's contributions to life history evolution, community resilience and immune development. We highlight the need to foreground immediate alongside delayed benefits and costs of foraging, including inclusive fitness benefits, when discussing children's food production from an evolutionary perspective. We conclude by recommending that researchers carefully consider children's social and ecological context, develop cross-cultural perspectives, and incorporate children's foraging into Indigenous sovereignty discourse.