Human Cervical Epithelioid Carcinoma Cell Research Articles

Evaluation of anticancer, antimicrobial, and antioxidant activities of rosemary (Rosmarinus Officinalis) essential oil and its Nanoemulgel

Throughout history, natural herbal medicines have been used to treat a wide range of serious diseases. This study aimed to develop rosemary oil into a nanoemulgel and evaluate its antimicrobial and anticancer activities. Rosmarinus officinalis (R. officinalis) oil was developed into a nanoemulgel by using a self-nanoemulsifying technique with Tween 80 and Span 80. The hydrogel (Carbopol 940) was then incorporated into the nanoemulsion and mixed well. After this, the antioxidant activity of the R. officinalis oil was measured and its nanoemulgel droplet size, polydispersity index (PDI), rheology, antimicrobial effect, and cytotoxic activity were investigated. The optimum formulation (50% Tween, 15% Span 80, and 35% R. officinalis oil) was used to create the best nanoemulsion, that had droplet size of 159.23 ±1.22 nm and 0.206 ±0.08 PDI. R. officinalis showed strong antioxidant activity, with 22.38 ±0.7 μg/mL when compared to trolox (2.7 ±0.5 μg/mL). Interesting results were obtained with the nanoemulgel against different types of bacteria, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 2.3, 3.75, and 6.5 µg/mL, respectively. In addition, the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of the nanoemulgel when applying it to human hepatocellular carcinoma cells (Hep3B) and human cervical epithelioid carcinoma cells (HeLa) was 28.84, 28.18, and 24.54 µg/mL, respectively, which demonstrated that the nanoemulgel has anticancer effects. In conclusion, R. officinalis oil nanoemulgel would be a promising novel dosage form for pharmaceutical industries to be used for the treatment of different cancer cell lines and microbial infections.

Inhibitory Effects of the Active Components Isolated from Satureja Boissieri Hausskn. Ex Boiss. On Human Cervical Cancer Cell Line

The aim of this study was to isolate the active components from the essential oil (EO) of Satureja boissieri and to investigate the cytotoxic effects of these components on human cervical epithelioid carcinoma (HeLa) cell line. The major components of EO were found to be p-cymene (23.15%), γ-terpinene (22.84%), thymol (18.96%) and carvacrol (21.25%) using GC-MS. The components were separated by column chromatography and p-cymene, thymol and spathulenol were isolated as pure terpenoids. The cytotoxic activity of the components was investigated using the xCELLigence system (Real Time Cell Analyzer). The pure compounds, p-cymene and thymol exhibited excellent cytotoxic effects against HeLa cell line. Practical Applications Satureja boissieri Hausskn. ex Boiss.(Lamiaceae) is known as Catri/Kekik and used as a condiment and herbal tea in the kitchen of local people in Turkey. The genus Satureja has therapeutic properties because of its high amounts of active components such as thymol, carvacrol, p-cymene and γ-terpinene. The results demonstrated that S. boissieri and its active components may be suggested as a promising natural agents for alleviating human cervical epithelioid carcinoma cell growth.

QSAR, action mechanism and molecular design of flavone and isoflavone derivatives with cytotoxicity against HeLa

The quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) of 32 flavone and isoflavone derivatives with cytotoxicity expressed as pGC 50, which is defined as the negative value of the logarithm of necessary molar concentration of this series of compounds to cause 50% growth inhibition against the human cervical epithelioid carcinoma cell line (HeLa), has been studied by using the density functional theory (DFT), molecular mechanics (MM2) and statistical methods. In order to obtain QSAR model with high predictive ability, the original dataset was randomly divided into a training set comprising 26 compounds and a test set comprising the rest 6 compounds. An optimal model for the training set with significant statistical quality ( R A 2 = 0.852 ) and predictive ability ( q 2 = 0.818) was established. The same model was further applied to predict pGC 50 values of the 6 compounds in the test set, and the resulting predictive correlation coefficient R pred 2 reaches 0.738, further showing that this QSAR model has high predictive ability. It is very interesting to find that the cytotoxicities of these compounds against HeLa appear to be mainly governed by two quantum-chemical factors, i.e., the energy ( E LUMO) of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) and the net charges of C atom at site 6 on aromatic rings ( Q C6). Here the possible action mechanism of these compounds was analyzed and discussed in detail, in particular, the fact why the flavone derivatives have considerably higher cytotoxicity than isoflavone derivatives was reasonably explained. Based on this QSAR equation, 5 new compounds with higher cytotoxicity have been theoretically designed. Such results can offer useful theoretical references for experimental works.

Identification of Direct Genomic Targets Downstream of the Nuclear Factor-κB Transcription Factor Mediating Tumor Necrosis Factor Signaling

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that controls expression of inflammatory genetic networks. Although the nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) pathway is crucial for mediating cellular TNF responses, the complete spectrum of NF-kappaB-dependent genes is unknown. In this study, we used a tetracycline-regulated cell line expressing an NF-kappaB inhibitor to systematically identify NF-kappaB-dependent genes. A microarray data set generated from a time course of TNF stimulation in the presence or absence of NF-kappaB signaling was analyzed. We identified 50 unique genes that were regulated by TNF (Pr(F)<0.001) and demonstrated a change in signal intensity of+/-3-fold relative to control. Of these, 28 were NF-kappaB-dependent, encoding proteins involved in diverse cellular activities. Quantitative real-time PCR assays of eight characterized NF-kappaB-dependent genes and five genes not previously known to be NF-kappaB-dependent (Gro-beta and-gamma, IkappaBepsilon, interleukin (IL)-7R, and Naf-1) were used to determine whether they were directly or indirectly NF-kappaB regulated. Expression of constitutively active enhanced green fluorescent.NF-kappaB/Rel A fusion protein transactivated all but IL-6 and IL-7R in the absence of TNF stimulation. Moreover, TNF strongly induced all 12 genes in the absence of new protein synthesis. High probability NF-kappaB sites in novel genes were predicted by binding site analysis and confirmed by electrophoretic mobility shift assay. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays show the endogenous IkappaBalpha/epsilon, Gro-beta/gamma, and Naf-1 promoters directly bound NF-kappaB/Rel A in TNF-stimulated cells. Together, these studies systematically identify the direct NF-kappaB-dependent gene network downstream of TNF signaling, extending our knowledge of biological processes regulated by this pathway.

Highly cytotoxic iron(ii) complexes with pentadentate pyridyl ligands as a new class of anti-tumor agents

The iron(II) complexes and with pentadentate pyridyl ligands are stable under physiological conditions and exhibit higher cytotoxicities toward a series of human carcinoma cell lines than cisplatin; can significantly increase intracellular oxidant levels, cleave supercoiled plasmid DNA in vitro without addition of a reductant and induce apoptotic cell death in human cervical epithelioid carcinoma cells (HeLa) as observed in flow cytometric studies.

Antagonistic activity against Helicobacter pylori infection in vitro by a strain of Enterococcus faecium TM39

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains from infant feces were screened for anti- Helicobacter pylori use. In the beginning, we selected the strains based on their capability to adhere to the human intestinal epithelial cell (Int-407), colonial enterocyte-like Caco-2 cell, human cervical epithelioid carcinoma cell (HeLa), and human gastric carcinoma cell (TSGH 9201). Then, acid and bile salt tolerance of these LAB strains was evaluated. In addition, the ability of these LAB strains to inhibit the growth of H. pylori and to expel H. pylori cells from TSGH 9201 were studied. The spent culture supernatant (SCS) of a selected strain TM39, i.e., TM39-SCS, significantly inhibited the viability of H. pylori in vitro. It also inhibited the urease activity of H. pylori in vitro. For these antagonistic effects, in addition to pH and lactic acid, some factors in TM39-SCS might play the major role. Treatment of H. pylori with the SCS or cells of strain TM39 significant reduced its binding to TSGH 9201 cells. Although strain TM39 is identified as Enterococcus faecium, it is not vancomycin resistant and is proved to be safe through the invasion study and a 28-day feeding study with Wistar rats.

Production of a cytotoxic proteoglycan using callus culture of saffron corms ( Crocus sativus L.)

Saffron corms have been demonstrated to contain a proteoglycan that inhibits growth of human tumor cells. In this study, we show strong evidence indicating that callus cultures of saffron corm also synthesize such glycoconjugate. This compound is cytotoxic against human cervical epithelioid carcinoma cells (IC 50=7 mg ml −1), and consists of approximately 90% carbohydrate and 10% protein. In order to optimize the glycoconjugate purification to complete functional and therapeutic studies, we have designed an improved method consisting of anion-exchange chromatography and reversed-phase HPLC, which can be easily scaled-up.

Cytotoxic activity of two polyaspartamide- based monoamineplatinum(II) conjugates against the HeLa cancer cell line

In this screening study in vitro, two polymer-conjugated, square-planar platinum(II) complexes bound to the carrier via a single primary amine ligand were tested for antineoplastic activity against the HeLa human cervical epithelioid carcinoma cell line. In the first of these conjugates, 1-Pt, the spacer connecting the metal complex with the carrier backbone is a short oligo(ethylene oxide) segment, whereas a long poly(ethylene oxide) chain represents the spacer unit in the second conjugate, 2-Pt. IC 50 data, expressed as conjugate concentration at 50% cell growth inhibition, are 48 μg Pt ml -1 for 1-Pt and 120 μg Pt ml - (estimated) for 2-Pt, the long tether in the latter conjugate presumably causing retarded enzymic release and lysosomal membrane crossing of the monomeric complex. The IC 50 value of 1-Pt is close to that (44 μg Pt ml -1 ) of a similar conjugate of an earlier investigation, 3-Pt, in which the metal is chelated by two carrier-attached, cis-oriented amino groups in conformance with the ligand arrangement in cisplatin. It thus appears that, in the carrier-bound state, both monoamine- and cis-diamine-coordinated platinum(II) complexes of suitable structures may well show similar biological performance patterns.

Participation of yeast cell surface hydrophobicity in adherence of Candida albicans to human epithelial cells.

Recent studies have revealed that hydrophobic cells of the opportunistic pathogenic fungus Candida albicans are more virulent than hydrophilic cells. One critical step in the pathogenic process is adherence to host tissues. Adherence of C. albicans to epithelial tissues is mediated primarily by specific adhesin-receptor interactions, but whether cell surface hydrophobicity (CSH) of the yeast cells may also contribute has not been definitively demonstrated. Nineteen isolates of C. albicans were grown in Sabouraud dextrose broth at either 23 or 37 degrees C and tested for CSH by a polystyrene microsphere assay and for the ability to adhere to HeLa cells, a human cervical epithelioid carcinoma cell line. For 13 isolates, growth at 23 degrees C resulted in significantly higher levels of CSH than did growth at 37 degrees C. Three isolates were hydrophobic and two were hydrophilic regardless of growth temperature. One isolate was more hydrophobic after growth at 37 degrees C. Of the isolates that were more hydrophobic after growth at 23 degrees C, 86.5% (11 of 13) were also more adherent to HeLa cells. Growth temperature did not appear to determine adherence ability, as all isolates that did not differ in CSH after growth at either temperature also did not differ in ability to adhere. No correlation (r = 0.44) was obtained between CSH and adherence when the isolates grown at 23 degrees C were evaluated as a group. Higher correlation (r = 0.65) was obtained when the isolates were grown at 37 degrees C. Interestingly, a significantly positive correlation between CSH and adherence was obtained when individual isolates were analyzed. To accomplish this analysis, the isolates were allowed to vary in CSH over time in tissue culture medium without serum, and the corresponding adherence values determined. Only isolates that varied in CSH by greater than 10% were used. Correlation statistical analysis in which the coefficient of determination (r2) was calculated indicated that poor correlation between CSH and adherence for the isolates evaluated as a group was likely due to the fact that CSH had little effect on adherence once a moderately high level of CSH was attained. These results indicate that CSH is involved in adherence but is not the predominant mechanism and that the effect of CSH on adherence is isolate dependent.