Human-centered Perspective Research Articles

The Impact and Potential of Quick Response (QR) Codes in Healthcare: A Comprehensive Review

In today’s rapidly evolving healthcare landscape, the integration of innovative technologies is becoming increasingly essential to enhance patient care, medication and overall healthcare outcomes. Quick Response (QR) codes have emerged as a versatile tool with significant potential to revolutionize such aspects of the healthcare industry. Through a review of 30 studies, we uncover the significant impact of integrating QR codes into healthcare systems. Across various domains, QR codes prove instrumental in enhancing patient care, streamlining workflows, and improving communication between healthcare professionals and patients. Notable findings include the role of QR in ensuring medication safety and advancing education as well as training within healthcare settings. Despite some challenges, user satisfaction remains high, underscoring QR codes’ effectiveness in optimizing healthcare delivery and outcomes from a human-centred perspective. This includes considering usability, cognitive load, and ergonomic design, all of which are crucial for maximizing the benefits of QR code technology in healthcare.

Progress Achieved, Landmarks, and Future Concerns in Biomedical and Health Informatics.

The biomedical and health informatics (BMHI) fields have been advancing rapidly, a trend particularly emphasised during the recent COVID-19 pandemic, introducing innovations in BMHI. Over nearly 50 years since its establishment as a scientific discipline, BMHI has encountered several challenges, such as mishaps, delays, failures, and moments of enthusiastic expectations and notable successes. This paper focuses on reviewing the progress made in the BMHI discipline, evaluating key milestones, and discussing future challenges. To, Structured, step-by-step qualitative methodology was developed and applied, centred on gathering expert opinions and analysing trends from the literature to provide a comprehensive assessment. Experts and pioneers in the BMHI field were assigned thematic tasks based on the research question, providing critical inputs for the thematic analysis. This led to the identification of five key dimensions used to present the findings in the paper: informatics in biomedicine and healthcare, health data in Informatics, nurses in informatics, education and accreditation in health informatics, and ethical, legal, social, and security issues. Each dimension is examined through recently emerging innovations, linking them directly to the future of healthcare, like the role of artificial intelligence, innovative digital health tools, the expansion of telemedicine, and the use of mobile health apps and wearable devices. The new approach of BMHI covers newly introduced clinical needs and approaches like patient-centric, remote monitoring, and precision medicine clinical approaches. These insights offer clear recommendations for improving education and developing experts to advance future innovations. Notably, this narrative review presents a body of knowledge essential for a deep understanding of the BMHI field from a human-centric perspective and, as such, could serve as a reference point for prospective analysis and innovation development.

The Mechanism of Street Spatial Form on Thermal Comfort from Urban Morphology and Human-Centered Perspectives: A Study Based on Multi-Source Data

The influence of street spatial form on thermal comfort from urban morphology and human-centered perspectives has been underexplored. This study, utilizing multi-source data and focusing on urban central districts, establishes a refined index system for street spatial form and a thermal comfort prediction model based on extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) and Shapley additive explanations (SHAP). The results reveal the following: (1) Thermal comfort levels display spatial heterogeneity, with areas of thermal discomfort concentrated in commercial zones and plaza spaces. (2) Compared to the human-centered perspective, urban morphology indicators correlate strongly with thermal comfort. (3) The key factors influencing thermal comfort, in descending order of importance, are distance from green and blue infrastructure (GBI), tree visibility factor (TVF), street aspect ratio (H/W), orientation, functional diversity indices, and sky view factor. All but the TVF negatively correlates with thermal comfort. (4) In local analyses, the primary factors affecting thermal comfort vary across streets with different heat-risk levels. In high heat-risk streets, thermal comfort is mainly influenced by distance from GBI, H/W, and orientation, whereas in low heat-risk streets, vegetation-related factors dominate. These findings provide a new methodological approach for optimizing urban thermal environments from both urban and human perspectives, offering theoretical insights for creating more comfortable cities.

Utilizing ChatGPT in Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses

The current uses, potential risks, and practical recommendations for using chat generative pre-trained transformers (ChatGPT) in systematic reviews (SRs) and meta-analyses (MAs) are reviewed in this article. The findings of prior research suggest that, for tasks such as literature screening and information extraction, ChatGPT can match or exceed the performance of human experts. However, for complex tasks such as risk of bias assessment, its performance remains significantly limited, underscoring the critical role of human expertise. The use of ChatGPT as an adjunct tool in SRs and MAs requires careful planning and the implementation of strict quality control and validation mechanisms to mitigate potential errors such as those arising from artificial intelligence (AI) 'hallucinations'. This paper also provides specific recommendations for optimizing human-AI collaboration in SRs and MAs. Assessing the specific context of each task and implementing the most appropriate strategies are critical when using ChatGPT in support of research goals. Furthermore, transparency regarding the use of ChatGPT in research reports is essential to maintaining research integrity. Close attention to ethical norms, including issues of privacy, bias, and fairness, is also imperative. Finally, from a human-centered perspective, this paper emphasizes the importance of researchers cultivating continuous self-iteration, prompt engineering skills, critical thinking, cross-disciplinary collaboration, and ethical awareness skills with the goals of: continuously optimizing human-AI collaboration models within reasonable and compliant norms, enhancing the complex-task performance of AI tools such as ChatGPT, and, ultimately, achieving greater efficiency through technological innovative while upholding scientific rigor.

Participation of Citizen as Social Capital in LAPOR! Application in Indonesia

Citizen engagement is crucial for the success of smart cities. In urban areas, communities as social capital has an interpersonal bond that unites people. Due to the complexity of urban issues like pollution, waste, and population density, citizens can monitor the government's work priorities to solve the problem. This article focuses on smart cities from a human-centered perspective, emphasizing the role of information technology. In Indonesia, citizens' rights awareness is facilitated by the National Public Service Complaint Management System (SP4N) or People's Aspiration and Online Complaints Service (LAPOR!), which acts as social capital. This article explores five key aspects of smart cities and smart citizenship: governance, citizen participation, infrastructure, public spaces, and urban livability. While ICT-driven approaches can swiftly transform cities, a community-based approach fosters long-term shifts. Meanwhile, limited citizen involvement contributes to ecosystem degradation in Indonesia and underscores the urgency and importance of citizen engagement in urban planning. In democratic societies, citizens hold power, and concepts of smart citizenship encompass civic intelligence and, at the same time, also value local knowledge. In Indonesia, LAPOR! reflects smart citizenship, enabling transparent reporting of aspirations and complaints. However, factors like limited access and education of citizens affect its use. This research used qualitative methods with content analysis methods. Qualitative content analysis is used to examine the textual content of websites. Using LAPOR! SP4N in Indonesia to see the implementation of the concept of smart society and smart city. Participatory processes should contribute substantially to urban planning and governance. Information technology serves as a temporary solution for long-term urban planning issues. Broader concerns like public policy and participatory democracy must also be considered. In conclusion, this article explores the dynamic relationship between smart cities and smart citizenship, highlighting the importance of active citizen engagement and the potential of technology to empower communities for positive urban transformations.

“Trustworthy AI” Cannot Be Trusted: A Virtue Jurisprudence-Based Approach to Analyse Who Is Responsible for AI Errors

Erroneous results generated by artificial intelligence (AI) have opened up new questions of who is responsible for AI errors in legal scholarship. I support the prevailing academic view that human subjects should be held responsible for AI errors. However, I argue that the underlying reason is not pertained to the reliability of AI, but rather the inability of humans to establish a trusting relationship with AI. The term ‘Trustworthy AI’ is just a metaphor, which presents a sense of trust; AI itself is not trustworthy. The first section outlines the academic debate on the responsibility of AI. It contends that the perspective of these debates has shifted from the characteristics of AI, such as autonomy and explainability, to a human-centred perspective, which is how humans should develop AI. The assumption of responsibility depends on the existence of a trust relationship because when people believe that an individual can fulfil his or her responsibilities, they are willing to hand over power, resources or tasks to that individual. It applies a virtue jurisprudence-based approach to explain why humans cannot establish a trust relationship with AI To establish such a relationship, one subject must indicate to the other that its behaviour is based on specific moral motivation and that it can be held moral responsibility. Nevertheless, AI lacks moral motivation and moral responsibility. The third section reconsiders the scope of responsible subjects for AI errors. It posits that accountability should be limited to the individuals who are direct beneficiaries of the AI product. Finally, it argues that the scope of responsibility for AI errors should be disparate pursuant to the risk level of the AI. For high-risk AI, responsible subjects must fulfil both the obligations under the AI Act and the obligation to provide technical authentication. Keywords: AI Law, Trustworthy AI, AI Act, Legal Responsibility, Virtue Jurisprudence

Human-centered design for flexible and inclusive housing

ABSTRACT Studies on collective housing rarely adopt a human-centered perspective. This study introduces a model for designing and analyzing residential buildings based on the user experience (UX) of apartments. The analysis focuses on two areas: a morphological review of the conditions of flexibility and adaptability of fundamental areas of households and a UX analysis with a functional evaluation of basic daily uses of the apartments, displayed through a graphic assessment during the project definition stage. Applied to residential projects in Barcelona, this analysis shows endemic defects in housing design, such as dimensional deficiencies, a lack of spatial versatility, and unforeseen functionalities, which pose a risk to gender hierarchies at home.

An Analysis of Environmental Education in Indonesian EFL Elementary School Textbooks

The worsening global environmental crisis highlights the urgency of integrating Environmental Education (EE) throughout the curriculum including in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) curricula. However, challenges exist, such as the development of appropriate curriculum documents and educators’ understanding of approaches to EE. This study looked at Indonesian EFL textbooks for elementary schools, focusing mainly on the images and how they can portray environmental themes. These images and some brief texts that accompany the images were examined using tools from ecolinguistics literature, including Stibbe’s (2021) nine stories and the United Nations’ EE objectives (UNESCO-UNEP, 1975). This study intends to fill a gap in the EE literature by analyzing images in elementary school textbooks in the specific context of Indonesia, generalizing the idea of EE to other contexts. Findings revealed that while some EE efforts were evident, the majority of the material leaned towards an anthropocentric (human centered) perspective, indicating a need for greater incorporation of insights from ecolinguistics to enhance the content. Moreover, in terms of EE objectives, the textbooks provided ecological knowledge but lacked emphasis on developing skills and encouraging student participation in solving environmental problems. Examples demonstrating the ability to evaluate and address environmental issues were also absent. Suggestions are made for future EE content in EFL materials.

Human-Centric Assistive Technologies in Manual Picking and Assembly Tasks: A Literature Review

In the current industrial context, the human workforce still represents a key resource thanks to its cognitive and motor flexibility. The present work explores the role of Industry 4.0 assistive technologies in production and logistics systems from a human-centric perspective. These technologies aim to provide cognitive or physical support to operators executing manual tasks, rather than substituting them. Therefore, there is need for a comprehensive understanding of the impact of assistive technologies on the well-being and performance of operators from a human-centric perspective. In this paper, a literature review on available assistive technologies is provided. Technologies are classified based on the type of manual task (picking, assembly), type of support provided to the operator (cognitive, motor), and potential drawbacks. Outcomes emphasize the need of a thorough human-centric perspective in developing and deploying assistive technologies.

Traditional Regionalism or Modern Minimalism? Unveiling the Psychological Impact of Architectural Styles in Sustainable Urban Planning

Life satisfaction is one of the key indicators of people’s well-being. However, the choice between traditional regionalism and modern minimalism in urban planning remains controversial from a human-centered perspective. Using a sample of 438 respondents from Huangshan City in 2024, we explored the relationships between architectural style, general belongingness, social identity, and life satisfaction through structural equation modeling (SEM). The results indicate significant correlations among the four variables in the model, with general belongingness and social identity acting as mediators in the relationship between architectural style and life satisfaction. Furthermore, residents living in traditional regional architecture scored higher on the scales of general belongingness, social identity, and life satisfaction compared to those living in modern minimalist architecture. These findings provide new insights for urban planning, highlighting the importance of considering the potential psychological and social welfare impacts of architectural styles on residents during the design process. Additionally, they emphasize the value of preserving and promoting traditional regional architecture. This study provides empirical evidence for urban planners and architects, supporting the integration of more human-centered design principles into modern urban environments to enhance residents’ well-being.

Object-Oriented Ontology in Shaping Perspective on Bacterial Art and Nonhuman Agency

Abstract The study of bacterial art provides an opportunity to investigate the philosophical framework of object-oriented ontology (OOO). This viewpoint challenges traditional human-centered perspectives by highlighting the autonomy and agency of all objects, including microorganisms. Objects have their own inherent properties and are regarded as equal actors in the world. The authors highlight the dynamic relationship between humans and microorganisms and the agency of bacteria in bioart. Bacterial art raises concerns regarding control, authorship, aesthetics, and ethics, necessitating interdisciplinary discussions and critical evaluations. This study provides an intriguing case examining the implications of OOO at the intersection of science and art.

A.I. Robustness: a Human-Centered Perspective on Technological Challenges and Opportunities

Despite the impressive performance of Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems, their robustness remains elusive and constitutes a key issue that impedes large-scale adoption. Besides, robustness is interpreted differently across domains and contexts of AI. In this work, we systematically survey recent progress to provide a reconciled terminology of concepts around AI robustness. We introduce three taxonomies to organize and describe the literature both from a fundamental and applied point of view: 1) methods and approaches that address robustness in different phases of the machine learning pipeline; 2) methods improving robustness in specific model architectures, tasks, and systems; and in addition, 3) methodologies and insights around evaluating the robustness of AI systems, particularly the trade-offs with other trustworthiness properties. Finally, we identify and discuss research gaps and opportunities and give an outlook on the field. We highlight the central role of humans in evaluating and enhancing AI robustness, considering the necessary knowledge they can provide, and discuss the need for better understanding practices and developing supportive tools in the future.

Methodological shifts and departures in music education research: embracing complexity with diffraction, intra-action, and agentic assemblages

ABSTRACT In England, music education policy is deeply rooted in neoliberal ideologies, shaping classroom practice and assessments. This paper presents findings from a four-year funded longitudinal project exploring the impact of musical partnerships on young people at risk of educational exclusion. Through a posthuman lens, the researchers made a methodological shift, acknowledging the agency of non-human elements and physical spaces in musical interactions. Posthumanism offered alternative insights, challenging traditional notions of music education practice and extended human-centric perspectives and school assessment metrics. It expanded our understanding of what it means to be a musician and pedagogue. This paper proposes that posthumanism can challenge existing notions of music education practice while simultaneously moving the discussion of important matters in music education research into new areas of thinking, doing, and being.

A bibliometric review of perceptions of the built environment supported by multi-source data

ABSTRACT Information and digital technologies have revolutionized research methodologies for measuring people’s perceptions of built environments. Vast amounts of urban data can now be collected, providing more accurate and intuitive presentation and analysis tools. This enhances the research on the built environment from a human-centered perspective. In this paper, with the help of the CiteSpace knowledge map analysis tool, manual deep intervention was combined with clustering and stratified sampling of literature information to identify hot topics and research trends. The results demonstrate that there are two new perspectives. The first is the up-bottom urban/group perspective, specifically a holistic study of group perceptions by large-scale data, represented by big data, with technologies such as artificial intelligence. The second is the bottom-up humanistic/individual perspective, which accurately examines individual perceptions through physiological data based on ergonomics techniques, psychological, and other small-scale data. Furthermore, these two perspectives are interconnected, indicating a cross-trend in both directions. By bridging the gap between subjective perception and the real-world environment, integrating multi-source data offers a more precise and efficient foundation for thoroughly evaluating the built environment, which would help us better understand the built environment and satisfy the users’ demands in the research and practice of urban design.

The 4S Model for AI Adoption

Overview Organizations often face challenges in exploiting the opportunities of digital technologies due to a technology-­centric focus that overlooks user value. This study explores how organizations can develop artificial intelligence (AI)-based solutions from a human-centered perspective. An in-depth case study of two projects that use both design thinking and technology development to adopt AI solutions, yielded a new hybrid approach, which we call the 4S Model. The 4S Model, which combines design thinking and technology development approaches for adopting AI-based solutions, draws on the theoretical lens of microfoundations, defining (1) the process phases (storming, solving, scoping, scaling); (2) the individuals involved (designers, technology experts, users); and (3) the structure and tools required (blueprint, pilot AI solutions, façade prototyping). The 4S Model provides guidelines for organizations seeking to apply design thinking to the deployment of AI.

Transforming Urban Environments: Understanding the Social Implications of Metrobus (MBS) Service Development in Lahore, Pakistan

This research investigates how the Lahore Metrobus system (MBS) influences perceptions of urban space quality through the lens of urban design and transport infrastructure. Lahore is undergoing significant urban changes with the introduction of a newly constructed mass transit system, which thus necessitates a joint development strategy to preserve its cultural heritage. Recent evolutions in transport planning has heightened the interest in analyzing the way mobility factors affect the perceptions of a place’s quality. The gap in previous work lies in the limited focus on qualitative, human-centered perspectives regarding the impacts of public projects like the MBS on urban space quality. This study uniquely fills this void by examining the influence of the MBS on people’s lives and the quality of urban spaces. Comparing pre- and post-Metrobus scenarios, along with questionnaire surveys of riders and shopkeepers, exposes the neglect of the social image during design and construction. The system was implemented with a focus solely on hard, core infrastructure, thereby neglecting soft components such as area development, social and cultural value, and human-centered design. The government should unite transport agencies, stakeholders, and the public to craft a joint policy for enhancing revenue, ridership, and fostering transit-oriented development (TOD). Research findings will help in achieving social and cultural sustainability for upcoming transport lines in Pakistan, as well as directions for other developing nations looking to implement mass transit networks.

Beyond lean production practices and Industry 4.0 technologies toward the human-centric Industry 5.0

PurposeBoth technological and human-centric perspectives need to be acknowledged when combining lean production practices and Industry 4.0 (I4.0) technologies. This study aims to explore and explain how lean production practices and I4.0 technologies may coexist to enhance the human-centric perspective of manufacturing operations in the era of Industry 5.0 (I5.0).Design/methodology/approachThe research approach is an explorative and longitudinal case study. The qualitative data collection encompasses respondents from different job functions and organizational levels to cover the entire organization. In total, 18 interviews with 19 interviewees and five focus groups with a total of 25 participants are included.FindingsIdentified challenges bring forth that manufacturing organizations must have the ability to see beyond lean production philosophy and I4.0 to meet the demand for a human-centric perspective in socially sustainable manufacturing in the era of Industry 5.0.Practical implicationsThe study suggests that while lean production practices and I4.0 practices may be considered separately, they need to be integrated as complementary approaches. This underscores the complexity of managing simultaneous organizational changes and new digital initiatives.Social implicationsThe research presented illuminates the elusive phenomena comprising the combined aspects of a human-centric perspective, specifically bringing forth implications for the co-existence of lean production practices and I4.0 technologies, in the transformation towards I5.0.Originality/valueThe study contributes to new avenues of research within the field of socially sustainable manufacturing. The study provides an in-depth analysis of the human-centric perspective when transforming organizations towards Industry 5.0.

Modelling situated intent for human-autonomy teaming: a human-centric approach

Entering an era where humans and synthetic agents are supposed to collaborate and cooperate, adequate models of human intent are crucial for coordinated teamwork. Unfortunately, although there is a need for such models, the concept of intent is ambiguous and approaches to model intent from a human-centric perspective are scarce. Building upon theoretical and methodological foundations, this study aims to address these gaps by presenting a conceptualisation of intent alongside an approach. Specifically, leveraging the six levels of cognitive control outlined in the Joint Control Framework, a provisional model of human intent alongside a defined and operationalised concept is presented. Building on these foundations, a novel approach is proposed. Utilising seven scenario-based interviews, the value of these contributions is demonstrated through an example case in the context of Manned-Unmanned Teaming. It is concluded that intent should be understood as a multi-faceted concept shaped by situated constraints, where intent is formed through a commitment to choices by context-situation and means-end reasoning. It is also concluded that the approach is useful, particularly since it can glean insights from choices considered and committed, both being essential in the design of synthetic teammates’ capability to adapt to their human partner’s agency.

Enabling or burdening?—The double-edged sword impact of digital transformation on employee resilience

Digital transformation has become a pervasive force in modern organizations, bringing both opportunities and unprecedented challenges to employees. However, preceding studies on digital transformation still have the problem of “seeing things but not people”, ignoring factors at the employee level, which makes the impact of digital transformation on employee resilience remains a subject of debate and investigation. Based on the job-demands resources theory and regulatory focus theory, this study explores the double-edged sword nature of digital transformation by constructing a dual-path model, and examines its potential to both enable and burden employees’ resilience. Through the analysis of a 3-wave multisource data from employees in different cities in China (N = 432), the dual-path model between digital transformation and employee resilience was supported. That is, the mediating effect of thriving at work and job insecurity were confirmed. In addition, the moderating effect of both promotion focus and prevention focus were proved, respectively. From a human-centric perspective, the present study theoretically expands the research of digital transformation in the context of organization. In the meanwhile, this study offers practical insights for organizations seeking to maximize the benefits of digital transformation while minimizing its potential negative consequences on employee resilience.

Exploring desired urban futures: the transformative potential of a nature-based approach

Amidst multiple crises and calls for transformative change, the demand to reassess human-nature relationships has increased. Rethinking the future of cities is vital in this process, yet positive urban visions prioritizing nature beyond human-centred perspectives are lacking. To address this gap, we propose a “nature-based desired futures” approach for envisaging and building collective discussion around transformative change. We explore four concepts underpinning (i) why such alternative urban futures are needed (human-nature disconnect and changing urban imaginaries) and (ii) how they might be approached (transformative change and leverage, and the ‘education of desire’). This provides the basis for a participatory approach that adapts the Three Horizon method to explore desired urban futures for nature in 2050. Six workshops involving 111 participants linked to ‘Conexus’, a project on nature-based solutions in European and Latin American cities, explored emerging desired futures, evolving ideas of nature, human-nature relationships, and agency. The approach offers space for reflection creative exploration, and weaving together of new, hopeful, caring, emancipatory stories. Its effectiveness hinges on the mutually reinforcing power of deep leverage, and of structural, systemic, and enabling approaches, to give purpose and direction to the exploration of desired futures.