Structure Of Human Body Research Articles

Key point trajectory prediction method of human stochastic posture falls

ABSTRACT The human body will show very complex and diversified posture changes in the process of falling, including body posture, limb position, angle and movement trajectory, etc. The coordinates of the key points of the model are mapped to the three-dimensional space to form a three-dimensional model and obtain the three-dimensional coordinates of the key points; The construction decomposition method is used to calculate the rotation matrix of each key point, and the rotation matrix is solved to obtain the angular displacement data of the key points on different degrees of freedom. The method of curve fitting combined with the weight distribution kernel function based on self-organizing mapping theory is used to obtain the motion trajectory prediction equation of the human body falling in different degrees of freedom at random positions in three-dimensional space, determine the key point trajectory of human random fall behaviour. The experimental results show that the mapped 3D model is consistent with the real human body structure. This method can accurately determine whether the human body falls or squats randomly, and the prediction results of the key points of the human fall are consistent with the actions of the human body after the fall.

Knowledge enhanced multi-task learning for simultaneous optimization of human parsing and pose estimation

Human parsing and pose estimation are both closely related to the human body structure, and it is advantageous to deal with both together in order to assist each other’s learning. Nevertheless, the two tasks have their own unique characteristics, and it is therefore difficult to efficiently and simultaneously obtain a good performance for both tasks in one single multi-task learning (MTL) network. This paper proposes a new MTL network (named “KDNet”) to enhance the communication between human parsing and pose estimation through knowledge distillation so as to improve the simultaneous learning of both tasks. In the proposed KDNet, a consistent representation module is used to enhance the related information sharing between the tasks, and a single-task model-based loss weighting method is developed to balance the loss levels. The proposed KDNet has been verified across three benchmark datasets, and in comparison to other state-of-the-art methods it achieves substantial performance gains without increasing model parameters during inference. The codes are shared at https://github.com/Yhdian/KDNet.git.

Automated anthropometric measurements from 3D point clouds of scanned bodies

Anthropometry plays a critical role across numerous sectors, particularly within healthcare and fashion, by facilitating the analysis of the human body structure. The significance of anthropometric data cannot be overstated; it is crucial for assessing nutritional status among children and adults alike, enabling early detection of conditions such as malnutrition, obesity, and being overweight. Furthermore, it is instrumental in creating tailored dietary interventions. This study introduces a novel automated technique for extracting anthropometric measurements from any body part. The proposed method leverages a parametric model to accurately determine the measurement parameters from either an unstructured point cloud or a mesh. We conducted a comprehensive evaluation of our approach by comparing perimetral measurements from over 400 body scans with expert assessments and existing state-of-the-art methods. The results demonstrate that our approach significantly surpasses the current methods for measuring the waist, hip, thigh, chest, and wrist perimeters with exceptional accuracy. These findings indicate the potential of our method to automate anthropometric analysis and offer efficient and accurate measurements for various applications in healthcare and fashion industries.

Research activity of the kyiv anatomical school: from origins to the present day

The history of the Department of Human Anatomy at the O. O. Bogomolets National Medical University demonstrates the significant contribution of prominent individuals to the development of Ukrainian anatomy, who devoted their lives to scientific and educational work, nurtured successors, and passed on their knowledge and experience. Invaluable contributions to the advancement of anatomical science were made by scholars who facilitated the refinement of research methods, the development of innovative technologies, and practical applications of acquired knowledge. The anatomical school of Kyiv distinguished itself by establishing the key principle of the interdependence of form and function, leading to the integration of theory and practice into a unified system. This was a crucial step towards further progress in the field of human body structure and function science. Such an approach allowed the merging of theoretical knowledge with practical reality, enhancing the more effective utilization of acquired data in medical practice. Anatomical science is constantly evolving and changing. Scientists not only enhance objective research and diagnostic methods but also make significant contributions to conducting clinical studies and developing innovative treatment techniques. An essential aspect of anatomy development is its connection to the practice of Ukrainian healthcare. Advances in anatomy contribute to improving the quality of medical services and ensure more effective patient treatment. Anatomy experts continue to work on improving education methods and medical personnel training to secure the future health and well-being of the nation. The Ukrainian anatomical school continues to evolve and maintain high standards in the field of medical science, providing a comprehensive approach to studying the structure and functions of the human body. Its achievements and contributions to the advancement of global anatomical science are of utmost importance to the medical community and society as a whole.

Preuniversity Students' Perceptions and Attitudes About an Anatomy and Physiology Outreach Program: Survey Study and Inductive Thematic Analysis.

Science and health outreach activities are aimed at motivating and sparking interest among prospective students to pursue careers in these fields; however, research studies supporting this hypothesis are limited. The aim of our study was to organize an integrated Anatomy and Physiology outreach to examine preuniversity students' learning experiences (learning tools, activities, and facilitators) and motivation to pursue a career in health care and to gather evidence on their attitudes and perceptions of such activities. A 2-day course on cardiorespiratory and gastrointestinal anatomical systems was presented at the Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine in Singapore using its key pedagogies, that is, multimodal practical and team-based learning. Ninety preuniversity students from 21 preuniversity institutions in Singapore participated in this 2-day course, and their experiences were evaluated using a 4-point Likert scale and open-ended survey questions. Free-text comments were analyzed using inductive thematic analysis. The survey using the 4-point Likert scale was completed by 81 (92%) of the 88 participants. Most students felt that the course materials were adequate (mean 3.57, SD 0.57) and met the learning objectives (mean 3.73, SD 0.52). The students felt that the instructors were clear (mean 3.73, SD 0.52) and effective (mean 3.70, SD 0.53). They liked the organization of the outreach session (mean 3.64, SD 0.48) and were highly motivated to study medicine or allied/biomedical sciences (mean 3.69, SD 0.54). Practical and team-based learning were regarded as exceedingly satisfactory (mean 3.63, SD 0.53 and mean 3.58, SD 0.54, respectively). All the respondents said that they would recommend this course to peers. Thematic analysis revealed that the participants gained a new perspective of the human body structure and function, they liked the unique learning settings, they were motivated to pursue a career in health care, they were satisfied with the sessions, and interactions with the facilitators increased their understanding of the human anatomy and physiology. Structured health outreach activities provide students with unique opportunities to experience a preclinical learning environment in a medical school, deepen their understanding of human body structure and function, and increase their motivation and interest in science. Further, outreach programs may lay the foundations for potential students aiming to pursue health profession education.

2D human skeleton action recognition with spatial constraints

AbstractHuman actions are predominantly presented in 2D format in video surveillance scenarios, which hinders the accurate determination of action details not apparent in 2D data. Depth estimation can aid human action recognition tasks, enhancing accuracy with neural networks. However, reliance on images for depth estimation requires extensive computational resources and cannot utilise the connectivity between human body structures. Besides, the depth information may not accurately reflect actual depth ranges, necessitating improved reliability. Therefore, a 2D human skeleton action recognition method with spatial constraints (2D‐SCHAR) is introduced. 2D‐SCHAR employs graph convolution networks to process graph‐structured human action skeleton data comprising three parts: depth estimation, spatial transformation, and action recognition. The initial two components, which infer 3D information from 2D human skeleton actions and generate spatial transformation parameters to correct abnormal deviations in action data, support the latter in the model to enhance the accuracy of action recognition. The model is designed in an end‐to‐end, multitasking manner, allowing parameter sharing among these three components to boost performance. The experimental results validate the model's effectiveness and superiority in human skeleton action recognition.

PROSCA: an online platform for humanized scaffold mining facilitating rational protein engineering.

Protein scaffolds with small size, high stability and low immunogenicity show important applications in the field of protein engineering and design. However, no relevant computational platform has been reported yet to mining such scaffolds with the desired properties from massive protein structures in human body. Here, we developed PROSCA, a structure-based online platform dedicated to explore the space of the entire human proteome, and to discovery new privileged protein scaffolds with potential engineering value that have never been noticed. PROSCA accepts structure of protein as an input, which can be subsequently aligned with a certain class of protein structures (e.g. the human proteome either from experientially resolved or AlphaFold2 predicted structures, and the human proteins belonging to specific families or domains), and outputs humanized protein scaffolds which are structurally similar with the input protein as well as other related important information such as families, sequences, structures and expression level in human tissues. Through PROSCA, the user can also get excellent experience in visualizations of protein structures and expression overviews, and download the figures and tables of results which can be customized according to the user's needs. Along with the advanced protein engineering and selection technologies, PROSCA will facilitate the rational design of new functional proteins with privileged scaffolds. PROSCA is freely available at https://idrblab.org/prosca/.

Evaluation of adults' acumen exerted from cerebral stress with quantified anthropometric indices using bioelectrical impedance analysis

This work considers cerebral stress-struck adults to assess their ‘acumen’ with four quantified anthropometric indices like cell membrane capacitance (CM), total body impedance (TBI), total body fat (TBF), and total body water (TBW). Primarily, a bio-impedance model of the epithelial tissue structure of human body has been presented and anatomized considering mental stress driven hormonal changes happen inside human body to propose several preambles. Secondly, an intelligence quotient (IQ) test designed to create ‘racing’ thoughts has been conducted right before measuring indices using bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy (BIS) method. Finally, juxtaposed investigations to vindicate the correlation between bio-impedance model-implied preambles and the variance of the four quantified indices were made by comparing them to the IQ test outcomes. This article reports, an effectively innervated nervous system having homeostasis endocrine human anatomy with CM, TBI, TBF, and TBW, in the range of 1.0–2.1 nF, 470–550 Ω, 7.9–20%, and 56.8–80%, respectively for the subjects whose acumen is classified as “Class-A", while “Class-B" subjects are also presented with other distinct quantified indices. The outcomes of this work are expected to be a paradigm in the digital judgment of adults' psychological engagement to any tasks.

Chinese characters carry special anatomical connotations.

In the domain of anatomy, some Chinese characters in anatomical terms possess distinctive morphological significance. Chinese characters evolved from pictographic characters, with some of these pictographs being created by ancient people based on their own body structure. This implies that the comprehension and depiction of the human body structure have been integral since the inception of Chinese characters, and this knowledge has been passed down and developed through the continued inheritance of Chinese characters. Even today, certain characters retain the appearance to reflect the shape of the human body structure. By examining the characters related to vertebrae,cranial fontanel and heart, we can find the unique and enduring link between Chinese characters and the fields of anatomy as well as Chinese traditional medicine.

Exploration of the body from the perspective of acupuncturists: based on the classification of body terms in Huangdi Neijing.

There is a rich record on body terms in Huangdi Neijing (Yellow Emperor's Inner Classic). The authors classify them into 4 dimensions, including "structure of human body", "constant concern of human body", "symptoms" of disease and "sites" of acupuncture, which corresponds to anatomy, physiology, pathology (including diagnosis) and treatment from the perspective of acupuncture. It is based on the knowledge described by these 4 categories of body terms, acupuncturists recognize the body in treatment. Through the correlation among these terms, the acupuncturists understand acupuncture as a therapeutic technique delivered to "the site of needling" under the guidance of ancient anatomy, physiology and pathology.

Observation on efficacy and underlying mechanism of cheek acupuncture on ovulation induction for infertile women with PCOS: Case series.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common reproductive endocrine disorder among women of childbearing age and is the primary cause of anovulatory infertility, accounting for 70% to 80% of cases. Ovulation induction is the main treatment approach for infertile patients with PCOS. Commonly utilized medications for this purpose are clomiphene citrate (CC) and letrozole (LE). Clomiphene citrate administration results in an ovulation rate ranging from 60% to 85%, while the pregnancy rate is limited to 35% to 40%, and a further reduction is observed in live birth rates. Letrozole demonstrates a slightly higher pregnancy rate and live birth rate compared to clomiphene citrate, although challenges persist in terms of longer stimulation cycles, multiple pregnancies, and the risk of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS). Clinical reports indicate that acupuncture therapy shows promising efficacy in treating patients with PCOS-related infertility, despite a partially unclear understanding of its underlying mechanisms. In this study, one patient did not achieve pregnancy despite more than a year of ovulation induction using clomiphene citrate and letrozole. However, after 3 months of receiving cheek acupuncture therapy, she successfully conceived and gave birth to a liveborn baby. Another patient achieved natural conception and live birth after 2 months of exclusive cheek acupuncture therapy. PCOS. Cheek acupuncture therapy. Both of them successfully conceived and gave birth to a liveborn baby. These findings suggest that cheek acupuncture therapy can effectively stimulate follicle development and ovulation, potentially improving endometrial receptivity. According to holographic theory, there is a biologically holographic model within the cheek region that shares a homology with the human body structure. This model provides an explanation for the regulatory effects of cheek acupuncture point stimulation on the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Ovarian axis (HPO), which subsequently influences follicle development and ovulation in patients. Consequently, when cheek acupuncture therapy is applied alone or in combination with ovulation induction medication, patients have the ability to achieve successful pregnancy and experience a smooth delivery.

FACE IDENTIFICATION SYSTEM FOR IDENTIFYING THE CRIMINALS

We all know that our Face is a unique and crucial part of the human body structure that identifies a person. Therefore, we can use it to trace the identity of a criminal person. With the advancement in technology, we are placed CCTV at many public places to capture the criminal’s crime. Using the previously captured faces and criminal’s images that are available in the police station, the criminal face recognition system of can be implemented. In this paper, we propose an automatic criminal identification system for Police Department to enhance and upgrade the criminal distinguishing into a more effective and efficient approach. Using technology, this idea will add plus point in the current system while bringing criminals spotting to a whole new level by automating tasks. Technology working behind it will be face recognition, from the footage captured by the CCTV cameras; our system will detect the face and recognize the criminal who is coming to that public place. The captured images of the person coming to that public place get compared with the criminal data we have in our database. If any person’s face from public place matches, the system will display their image on the system screen and will give the message with their name that the criminal is found and present in this public place. This system matching more than 80% of the captured images with database images. keywords: Face Detection, Face Recognition, Open-CV, Image Processing

Modeling and comfort analysis of arrayed air cushion mattress for pressure ulcer prevention and assisted repositioning

Assisting immobile individuals with regular repositioning to adjust pressure distribution on key prominences such as the back and buttocks is the most effective measure for preventing pressure ulcers. However, compared to active self-repositioning, passive assisted repositioning results in distinct variations in force distribution on different body parts. This incongruity can affect the comfort of repositioning and potentially lead to a risk of secondary injury, for certain trauma or critically ill patients. Therefore, it is of considerable practical importance to study the passive turning comfort and the optimal turning strategy. Initially, in this study, the load-bearing characteristics of various joints during passive repositioning were examined, and a wedge-shaped airbag configuration was proposed. The airbags coupled layout on the mattress was equivalently represented as a spring-damping system, with essential model parameters determined using experimental techniques. Subsequently, different assisted repositioning strategies were devised by adjusting force application positions and sequences. A human-mattress force-coupled simulation model was developed based on rigid human body structure and equivalent flexible springs. This model provided the force distribution across the primary pressure points on the human body. Finally, assisted repositioning experiments were conducted with 15 participants. The passive repositioning effectiveness and pressure redistribution was validated based on the simulation results, experimental data, and questionnaire responses. Furthermore, the mechanical factors influencing comfort during passive assisted repositioning were elucidated, providing a theoretical foundation for subsequent mattress design and optimization of repositioning strategies.

Principle of Lok-Purush Samyata w.s.r. to Homeostasis - A Review

Man is a unique structure of the world, the structure that we see today has been continuously evolving. The structures that we see in the universe is made up of some elements, same elements could be seen in the human body structure. Everything that is in the universe is also present in the human body. Charak Samhita named this principle as Lok Purusha Samya. When there are changes in the external environment, then the environment automatically tries to return to its previous state, similarly in the human body too, when there are changes in its internal environment, then the body again returns to its previous state. An attempt is made to bring the internal environment into equilibrium, the same phenomenon is called homeostasis. The preservation of the internal environment in response to changes in the external environment is known as homeostasis. Three elements - the sun, moon, and air - maintain this cosmos in the exterior environment. The three energies of Vata, Pitta, and Kapha maintain our body in the same way as the universe. Furthermore, the fundamentals of our body are Doshas, Dhatus, and Malas. Thus, homeostasis in Ayurveda refers to the state of equilibrium between Doshas, Dhatus, and Malas, which stand for our internal environment. This article attempts to review and explain the significance of Lok-Purush Samya Siddhanta in preserving the internal environment (homeostasis). This idea also applies to the concepts of treatment, which is nothing more than the restoration of homeostasis, the body's natural state.

PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN DALAM MENINGKATKAN KETERAMPILAN BERBICARA DAN KEAKTIFAN BELAJAR DI KELAS VI MI ASSULTHONIYAH KOTA PROBOLINGGO

Education has an important role in the process of developing students' potential, with a special emphasis on the role of mathematics, especially the subject matter of flat-sided spaces. Although efforts have been made to improve the quality of education, there are still problems, especially related to students' desire to learn mathematics. The importance of learning media that is interesting and easy to understand has become a major concern. In this case, the human body structure media, which is centered on the material of human body recognition which is one of the discussions of Biology lessons in grade VI SD / MI. This Research and Development study uses the ADDIE model. Validity by media experts and material experts is required during the development process. The results showed that this media, can bring changes to student learning outcomes so that they can experience an increase from before. The creation of human body structure media can be considered as a fun innovation. This media also has the potential to improve speaking skills and learning activeness and can be applied in the world of education.

CT-based screening of sarcopenia and its role in cachexia syndrome in pancreatic cancer.

Since computed tomography (CT) is a part of standard diagnostic protocol in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), we have evaluated the value of CT for sarcopenia screening in patients with PDAC, intending to expand the diagnostic value of tomographic studies. In our study, we included 177 patients with available CT images. Two groups were formed: Group 1 consisted of 117 patients with PDAC in various locations and stages and Group 2, or the control group, consisted of 60 "nominally healthy" patients with other somatic non-oncological diseases. The body mass index (BMI) was defined as a ratio of patient's weight to the square of their height (kg/m2). CT-based body composition analysis was performed using commercially available software with evaluation of sarcopenia using skeletal muscle index (SMI, cm2/m2). Based on the SMI values, sarcopenia was found in 67.5% of patients (79 out of 117) in the first patient group. It was found more frequently in males (42 out of 56; 75%) than in females (37 out of 61; 60.6%). Additionally, we observed a decrease in muscle mass (hidden sarcopenia) in 79.7% in patients with a normal BMI. Even in overweight patients, sarcopenia was found in 50% (sarcopenic obesity). In patients with reduced BMI sarcopenia was found in all cases (100%). Statistically significant difference of SMI between two groups was revealed for both sexes (p = 0,0001), with no significant difference between groups in BMI. BMI is an inaccurate value for the assessment of body composition as it does not reflect in the details the human body structure. As SMI may correlate with the prognosis, decreased muscle mass- especially "hidden" sarcopenia or sarcopenic obesity- should be reported. The use of CT-based evaluation of sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity will allow for a better treatment response assessment in patients with cancer cachexia.

Self-Balancing Exoskeleton Robots Designed to Facilitate Multiple Rehabilitation Training Movements.

This study presents the biomimetic design of the structure and controller of AutoLEE-II, a self-balancing exoskeleton developed to assist patients in performing multiple rehabilitation movements without crutches or other supporting equipment. Its structural design is founded upon the human body structure, with an eliminated axis deviation and a raised CoM of the exoskeleton. The controller is a physical parameter-independent controller based on the CoM modification. Thus, the exoskeleton can adapt to patients with different physical parameters. Five subjects underwent exoskeleton-assisted rehabilitation training experiments, including squatting, tilting, and walking trainings. The results showed that the exoskeleton can assist patients in completing various rehabilitation exercises and help them maintain their balance during the rehabilitation training. This helpful role of the exoskeleton in rehabilitation training is analyzed through an electromyography (EMG) data analysis. The findings revealed that wearing the exoskeleton can reduce the activity of the lower limb muscles by approximately 20-30% when performing the same rehabilitation exercises.

Hybrid Directed Hypergraph Learning and Forecasting of Skeleton-Based Human Poses

Forecasting 3-dimensional skeleton-based human poses from the historical sequence is a classic task, which shows enormous potential in robotics, computer vision, and graphics. Currently, the state-of-the-art methods resort to graph convolutional networks (GCNs) to access the relationships of human joint pairs to formulate this problem. However, human action involves complex interactions among multiple joints, which presents a higher-order correlation overstepping the pairwise (2-order) connection of GCNs. Moreover, joints are typically activated by the parent joint, rather than driving their parent joints, whereas in existing methods, this specific direction of information transmission is ignored. In this work, we propose a novel hybrid directed hypergraph convolution network (H-DHGCN) to model the high-order relationships of the human skeleton with directionality. Specifically, our H-DHGCN mainly involves 2 core components. One is the static directed hypergraph, which is pre-defined according to the human body structure, to effectively leverage the natural relations of human joints. The second is dynamic directed hypergraph (D-DHG). D-DHG is learnable and can be constructed adaptively, to learn the unique characteristics of the motion sequence. In contrast to the typical GCNs, our method brings a richer and more refined topological representation of skeleton data. On several large-scale benchmarks, experimental results show that the proposed model consistently surpasses the latest techniques.

3D Animation Production and Generation Based on Human Body Base 3D Models

Abstract With the gradual increase in the demand for parametric human 3D models, the requirements for the accuracy of modeling and the quality of generation are getting higher and higher. In this paper, the human body structure model is constructed by 3D human posture estimation and spatio-temporal graph convolutional network, and after normalizing the data of the human body base, the 3D human body model based on the human body base is generated by combining the free deformation method, and the local light model is used to make the human body model more three-dimensional and real. In addition, the quality of 3D animation production is investigated by combining blind quality evaluation and validation analysis of the human body-based 3D model. The 3D human body modeling simulation error assessment has an error assessment root-means-square error that falls within 1.5%. In the validation analysis of model generation quality, the quality evaluation model proposed in this paper has a quality correlation coefficient and prediction accuracy of 0.9456 and 0.9454 on the dataset, respectively, and the performance of the ablation experiments and generalization experiments is stable. The mean value of the error between the animation production character generation effect and the actual testers is not more than 10mm.Combined with the research in this paper, it effectively improves the accuracy of human body modeling and provides an evaluation method for the quality of human 3D animation production and generation, which is of practical significance for its development.

Non-invasive method forassessing the densitometric tumor parameters and other structures using CT images

The purpose of the work was to study the capabilities of a clinically accessible software method for assessing the densitometric properties of a pathological lesion and other structures of the human body during adapted radio therapy (dynamic observation). To quantitatively assess the densitometric properties of human body structures during dynamic observation, a proprietary program was used, consisting of several subprograms. The versatility of the software method has been demonstrated both for assessing the density characteristics of a tumor during dynamic observation for any cases of visualization of tumor boundaries (including cases of unclear visualization of the tumor boundary) and other structures. Quantitative characteristics of tumor densitometric parameters are presented. The possibilities of using the same method are shown using the example of bone cement material used in oncology, which enters the irradiation field during radiotherapy. The quantitative information content of the method is shown.