Human Body Research Articles

Evaluation of High-Dimensional Data Classification for Skin Malignancy Detection Using DL-Based Techniques

Skin cancer can be detected through visual screening and skin analysis based on the biopsy and pathological state of the human body. The survival rate of cancer patients is low, and millions of people are diagnosed annually. By determining the different comparative analyses, the skin malignancy classification is evaluated. Using the Isomap with the vision transformer, we analyze the high-dimensional images with dimensionality reduction. Skin cancer can present with severe cases and life-threatening symptoms. Overall performance evaluation and classification tend to improve the accuracy of the high-dimensional skin lesion dataset when completed. In deep learning methodologies, the distinct phases of skin malignancy classification are determined by its accuracy, specificity, F1 recall, and sensitivity while implementing the classification methodology. A nonlinear dimensionality reduction technique called Isomap preserves the data’s underlying nonlinear relationships intact. This is essential for the categorization of skin malignancies, as the features that separate malignant from benign skin lesions may not be linearly separable. Isomap decreases the data’s complexity while maintaining its essential characteristics, making it simpler to analyze and explain the findings. High-dimensional datasets for skin lesions have been evaluated and classified more effectively when evaluated and classified using Isomap with the vision transformer.

Fluorescence based dopamine detection

Dopamine is an important hormone and neurotransmitter, and its levels in human fluids can indicate stress, depression, and various mental disorders. Food products, as well as medications, affect its level in the human body greatly. Therefore, dopamine monitoring is crucial, and necessary for improving the quality of life. The priority is to search for simple and environmentally friendly sensor systems for the in vitro detection of dopamine, enabling mass utilization.In this study, we explored the use of o-phthalaldehyde (OPA) as an indicator for the detection of dopamine, with fluorescence in the visible range (λex/λem = 390/455 nm), while direct dopamine fluorescence measurement was in the UV range (λex/λem = 280/320 nm). The longer excitation/emission wavelengths of dopamine-OPA complex, as well as lower detection limits, are useful for developing a simple detection method using LEDs. Three types of poloxamers were tested as additives to improve the fluorescence signal from the reaction between dopamine and OPA. Pluronic F127 led to a 16-fold increase in the fluorescence. Utilizing 4% Pluronic F127 with OPA at pH 7 resulted in a linear response within concentration ranges of dopamine (0.5–3 µM), achieving a limit of detection of 0.015 µM. In contrast, a direct detection of dopamine within the same range exhibited a detection limit of 0.13 µM.

Analysis of the indoor thermal environment of traditional residents in the South Sichuan China region in summer and plum rainy seasons—taking Baiyang village in Yibin city as an example

ABSTRACT In hot summer and cold winter areas, the humid and sultry summer and rainy season problems have long affected the health of residents. Through a questionnaire survey and site measurements, the indoor thermal environment of typical southern Sichuan village houses was investigated. The average indoor humidity of the old traditional dwelling (85–95%) in the rainy season was much greater than that of the new rural house (70–80%), both of which are outside the standard thermal comfort range of the human body. In summer, the situation is slightly better but still uncomfortable. The APMV evaluation results reveal that in the rainy season, the new residential house is more comfortable than the traditional residential house, while in summer, the opposite situation occurs. The measurements show that the thermal inertia index of the old stone masonry house is large, which indicates that the house has a strong ability to resist temperature fluctuations. Therefore, we discussed different performance improvement strategies for these two types of rural residences. This study is conducive to improving the thermal environment of local residential buildings and provides a reference for the future design of rural ecological residential buildings.

MOF-derived porous In2O3 nanospheres sensitized by CdS quantum dots: A ppb-level NO2 sensor with ultra-high response at room-temperature

NO2 is one of the most important atmosphere pollutants, causing great harm to the human body at very low concentrations (ppb levels). Herein, a novel fabrication idea for gas sensing materials was reported to detect ppb-level NO2 via MOF-derived porous In2O3 nanospheres (NSs) sensitized by CdS quantum dots (QDs). The good distribution of CdS QDs (2.5–4.0 nm) on porous In2O3 NSs was verified by the transmission electron microscopy and element mapping analyses. In comparison to In2O3 NSs, the CdS@In2O3 composite nanospheres (CNSs) exhibited exceptional responses to ppb-level concentrations of NO2 (S=425.1@100 ppb) at room temperature (RT, 25 °C), while also demonstrating good selectivity and response reproducibility. These improvements in sensing performance were attributed to the synergies of the electronic effects of CdS QDs, MOF-derived porous nanostructures, and enhanced adsorption of NO2 and active O2– by well-dispersed CdS QDs. This work emphasizes that the MOF-derived In2O3 porous NSs sensitized by CdS QDs can accurately detect ppb-level concentrations of the NO2 at RT.

Street luminance and night-time walking comfort: a new perspective for the urban lighting design

ABSTRACT A survey was carried out in Rome to investigate whether street luminance affects pedestrians’ comfort, visibility and perception. Forty people walked five roads and assessed on a questionnaire their walking comfort, visibility of people and background, perception of lighting intensity and uniformity. Results indicated that walking comfort was affected by mean luminance of whole scene, of sidewalk, of lateral wall and of human body; luminance also influenced the perception of street lighting intensity and uniformity and, to a lesser extent, the visibility of other people and of background.

Interplay of Demographic Influences, Clinical Manifestations, and Longitudinal Profile of Laboratory Parameters in the Progression of SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Insights from the Saudi Population.

Understanding the factors driving SARS-CoV-2 infection progression and severity is complex due to the dynamic nature of human physiology. Therefore, we aimed to explore the severity risk indicators of SARS-CoV-2 through demographic data, clinical manifestations, and the profile of laboratory parameters. The study included 175 patients either hospitalized at King Abdulaziz Medical City-Riyadh or placed in quarantine at designated hotels in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, from June 2020 to April 2021. Hospitalized patients were followed up through the first week of admission. Demographic data, clinical presentations, and laboratory results were retrieved from electronic patient records. Our results revealed that older age (OR: 1.1, CI: [1.1-1.12]; p < 0.0001), male gender (OR: 2.26, CI: [1.0-5.1]; p = 0.047), and blood urea nitrogen level (OR: 2.56, CI: [1.07-6.12]; p = 0.034) were potential predictors of severity level. In conclusion, the study showed that apart from laboratory parameters, age and gender could potentially predict the severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the early stages. To our knowledge, this study is the first in Saudi Arabia to explore the longitudinal profile of laboratory parameters among risk factors, shedding light on SARS-CoV-2 infection progression parameters.

Impact of low dose CT radiation

With the technological advancements, we have witnessed a proliferation of innovative and beneficial methods in the utilization of CT devices. The contemporary application of low-dose CT (LDCT), both in adults and children, is considered the gold standard due to its wide range of indications. The aim of this study is to delineate the positive and negative impacts that LDCT imposes on the human body. The routine use of LDCT in practice raises numerous questions regarding its harmfulness and influence. Diverse opinions exist within the scientific community regarding the association between LDCT and cancer development; therefore, it is exceptionally important to consider the population involved in the study, the characteristics of the radiation itself, and the various body parts exposed to radiation prior to its application. Despite the considerable number of conducted studies advocating for the use of LDCT, its utilization and the development of potential consequences cannot be completely excluded. That is why one of the necessary prerequisites for the professional use of CT as the method of choice in diagnostics is knowledge and understanding of scientific studies and their results in accordance with the modern development of CT devices. What remains crucial in everyday practice is that the knowledge used is always scientifically based and ultimately — reasonable.

Three in one - unusual palmaris longus muscle anatomical variation.

The palmaris longus muscle (PLM) is one of the most variable muscles in human body, pre-senting a wide range of morphological variants such as reversed course, biventer muscle, bi-furcated tendon or total agenesis. Their clinical impact is particularly important in diagnosis and treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome and reconstructive surgery. We present a case of PLM including a previously undescribed combination of variations. A routine dissection of male cadaver aged approximately 60 demonstrated a biventer muscle, with superior and inferior belly being interrupted by a long tendon. The inferior belly passed deep to the flexor retinaculum and its terminal tendon connected to flexor digitorum superfi-cialis tendon for 5th finger. The clinical importance of variations found have been described separately, including unsuita-bility of biventer muscles for tendon reconstruction and increased risk for developing carpal tunnel syndrome in patients with PLM tendon passing deep to the flexor retinaculum. In conclusion, as another variation of PLM is described, it is crucial to bear in mind the poten-tial morphological types of the muscle in diagnosis and treatment of patients, especially in surgery of the hand and forearm.

A new FRET-based fluorescent probe: Colorimetric and ratiometric detection of hypochlorite and anti-counterfeiting applications

Hypochlorite (ClO−), as the main component of widely used disinfectants in daily life, comes into closer contact with the human body, which can lead to a number of diseases. The high-performance method is increasingly needed to detect ClO− in our daily life. In this report, we successfully synthesized a FRET ratiometric fluorescent probe (NDAC) containing benzoxadiazole moieties and coumarin moieties bound via ethylenediamine. As expected, NDAC has excellent selectivity and anti-interference ability toward ClO−, and the ratio of fluorescence intensity (I471 nm/I533 nm) has a very good linear relationship with the concentration of ClO−, with a wide linear range (2.5–1750 μM) and low detection limit (0.887 μM). Furthermore, we have successfully applied it for the quantitative detection of ClO− in water samples in daily life. At the same time, there is a very clear change in the fluorescence color after the reaction of the NDAC with ClO−. The blue/green value (B/G) of this color change also shows a very good linear relationship to ClO− (5.0–1000 μM). Therefore, the NDAC has also been successfully used for test strip detection and quantitative detection of ClO− in actual samples through smartphone-based fluorescence image analysis, and this method can provide faster, more convenient and more accessible detection. In addition, NDAC sensors also have potential applications in the field of information anti-counterfeiting.

Cross-contrast mutual fusion network for joint MRI reconstruction and super-resolution

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a widely used medical imaging technique that has become an essential tool for diagnosing various diseases and visualizing internal structures and tissues in the human body. MRI reconstruction and super-resolution are two techniques that can enhance image quality and accelerate the imaging process. However, current methods perform these tasks independently and fail to consider the correlations between them. Additionally, multi-contrast SR methods typically concatenate features from different contrasts without considering their correlation. In this paper, we propose a novel Cross-contrast Mutual Fusion Network (CMF-Net) that performs joint MRI reconstruction and super-resolution by enabling mutual propagation of feature representations between the two tasks. The CMF-Net framework consists of two stages: the first stage focuses on fusing multi-contrast features, while the second stage aims to learn task-specific information for joint MRI reconstruction and super-resolution. We propose a Multi-contrast Feature Aggregation (MFA) module to facilitate the integration of multi-contrast features. This module captures multi-scale information from auxiliary contrast to enhance the feature representation’s capability. Furthermore, a Multi-task Mutual Fusion (MMF) module is presented to integrate task-specific features, which explores the correlation between the two tasks to improve MR super-resolution performance. We evaluate the proposed CMF-Net approach on two public MR datasets. Quantitative and qualitative results demonstrate that our CMF-Net outperforms other state-of-the-art methods.

Personalize Diet Finder

In Today’s busy life healthy body is dream for everyone to have a proper balanced diet. A balanced diet is important because your organs and tissues need proper nutrition to work effectively. Without good nutrition, your body is more prone to disease, infection, fatigue, and poor performance. Children with a poor diet run the risk of growth and developmental problems and poor academic performance, and bad eating habits can persist for the rest of their lives. At the core of a balanced diet are foods that are low in unnecessary fats and sugars and high in vitamins, minerals, and other nutrients. The following food groups are essential parts of a balanced diet. Calories play a vital role in our growth and energy. A good diet can help you manipulate calorie intake based on your requirements. The proposed application will provide the user with a user-friendly User-Interface where they can create an account, manage their account and get the diet by the click of just one button. If the user is allergic to some kind of food, it also has the feature to contact an actual dietitian to consult. And there’s also a page where the user can just read some interesting facts on health and human body. This application will save a lot of user’s time by not actually visiting a dietitian and getting everything done on their phone

The correlation between selenium intake and lung function in asthmatic people: a cross-sectional study.

This study aimed to examine the correlation between selenium intake and lung function in asthmatic people. A total of 4,541 individuals in the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were included in this study. Multivariate linear regression, variance inflation factor, restricted cubic splines and quantile regression were used to analyze the relationship between Se intake and lung function. We divided selenium intake into four levels based on quartiles: Q1: Se ≤ 76.75 mcg/d; Q2: 76.75-105.1 mcg/d; Q3: 105.1-137.65 mcg/d; and Q4: Se ≥137.65 mcg/d. Asthma was negatively associated with the Ratio of Forced Expiratory Volume 1st Second to Forced Vital Capacity (FEV1/FVC) (β = -0.04, 95% CI: -0.06 to -0.02) and FEV1 (β = -215, 95% CI: -340 to -90). Se intake was positively associated with Forced Expiratory Volume 1st Second (FEV1) (β =3.30 95% CI: 2.60 to 4.00) and Forced Vital Capacity (FVC) (β =4.30, 95% CI: 3.50 to 5.10). In asthmatic individuals, the positive effects of Se intake on FVC were enhanced with increasing Se intake, while the positive effects of Se intake on FEV1 varied less dramatically. High Se intake (Q4 level, above 137.65 mcg/d) improved FVC (β = 353, 95% CI: 80 to 626) and FEV1 (β = 543, 95% CI: 118 to 969) in asthmatic patients compared to low Se intake (Q1 level, below 76.75 mcg/d). At the Q2 level (76.75-105.1 mcg/d) and Q4 level (Se ≥137.65 mcg/d) of Se intake, the correlation between FEV1 and asthma disappeared. Our research has revealed a positive correlation between selenium intake and lung function in asthma patients and the strength of this positive correlation is related to the amount of selenium intake. We recommend that asthma patients consume 137.65 mcg to 200 mcg of selenium daily to improve pulmonary function while avoiding the adverse effects of selenium on the human body.

The role of the microscopic world: Exploring the role and potential of intratumoral microbiota in cancer immunotherapy.

Microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, and fungi, coexist in the human body, forming a symbiotic microbiota that plays a vital role in human health and disease. Intratumoral microbial components have been discovered in various tumor tissues and are closely linked to the occurrence, progression, and treatment results of cancer. The intratumoral microbiota can enhance antitumor immunity through mechanisms such as activating the stimulator of interferon genes signaling pathway, stimulating T and NK cells, promoting the formation of TLS, and facilitating antigen presentation. Conversely, the intratumoral microbiota might suppress antitumor immune responses by increasing reactive oxygen species levels, creating an anti-inflammatory environment, inducing T cell inactivation, and enhancing immune suppression, thereby promoting cancer progression. The impact of intratumoral microbiota on antitumor immunity varies based on microbial composition, interactions with cancer cells, and the cancer's current state. A deep understanding of the complex interactions between intratumoral microbiota and antitumor immunity holds the potential to bring new therapeutic strategies and targets to cancer immunotherapy.

Comparative transcriptomics revealed neurodevelopmental impairments and ferroptosis induced by extremely small iron oxide nanoparticles.

Iron oxide nanoparticles are a type of nanomaterial composed of iron oxide (Fe3O4 or Fe2O3) and have a wide range of applications in magnetic resonance imaging. Compared to iron oxide nanoparticles, extremely small iron oxide nanoparticles (ESIONPs) (∼3nm in diameter) can improve the imaging performance due to a smaller size. However, there are currently no reports on the potential toxic effects of ESIONPs on the human body. In this study, we applied ESIONPs to a zebrafish model and performed weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) on differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in zebrafish embryos of 48 hpf, 72 hpf, 96 hpf, and 120 hpf using RNA-seq technology. The key hub genes related to neurotoxicity and ferroptosis were identified, and further experiments also demonstrated that ESIONPs impaired the neuronal and muscle development of zebrafish, and induced ferroptosis, leading to oxidative stress, cell apoptosis, and inflammatory response. Here, for the first time, we analyzed the potential toxic effects of ESIONPs through WGCNA. Our studies indicate that ESIONPs might have neurotoxicity and could induce ferroptosis, while abnormal accumulation of iron ions might increase the risk of early degenerative neurological diseases.

Predicting cervical cancer risk probabilities using advanced H20 AutoML and local interpretable model-agnostic explanation techniques

Background Cancer is positioned as a major disease, particularly for middle-aged people, which remains a global concern that can develop in the form of abnormal growth of body cells at any place in the human body. Cervical cancer, often known as cervix cancer, is cancer present in the female cervix. In the area where the endocervix (upper two-thirds of the cervix) and ectocervix (lower third of the cervix) meet, the majority of cervical cancers begin. Despite an influx of people entering the healthcare industry, the demand for machine learning (ML) specialists has recently outpaced the supply. To close the gap, user-friendly applications, such as H2O, have made significant progress these days. However, traditional ML techniques handle each stage of the process separately; whereas H2O AutoML can automate a major portion of the ML workflow, such as automatic training and tuning of multiple models within a user-defined timeframe. Methods Thus, novel H2O AutoML with local interpretable model-agnostic explanations (LIME) techniques have been proposed in this research work that enhance the predictability of an ML model in a user-defined timeframe. We herein collected the cervical cancer dataset from the freely available Kaggle repository for our research work. The Stacked Ensembles approach, on the other hand, will automatically train H2O models to create a highly predictive ensemble model that will outperform the AutoML Leaderboard in most instances. The novelty of this research is aimed at training the best model using the AutoML technique that helps in reducing the human effort over traditional ML techniques in less amount of time. Additionally, LIME has been implemented over the H2O AutoML model, to uncover black boxes and to explain every individual prediction in our model. We have evaluated our model performance using the findprediction() function on three different idx values (i.e., 100, 120, and 150) to find the prediction probabilities of two classes for each feature. These experiments have been done in Lenovo core i7 NVidia GeForce 860M GPU laptop in Windows 10 operating system using Python 3.8.3 software on Jupyter 6.4.3 platform. Results The proposed model resulted in the prediction probabilities depending on the features as 87%, 95%, and 87% for class ‘0’ and 13%, 5%, and 13% for class ‘1’ when idx_value=100, 120, and 150 for the first case; 100% for class ‘0’ and 0% for class ‘1’, when idx_value= 10, 12, and 15 respectively. Additionally, a comparative analysis has been drawn where our proposed model outperforms previous results found in cervical cancer research.

Pathomorphological characteristics of heat stress in the experiment.

The purpose of this research was to explore some morphological, physiological, and biochemical changes in female and fetal Wistar rats under heat stress. The experiment involved 30 animals, including two experimental groups (pregnant and nonpregnant females) kept under heat stress at 32°C and one control group consisting of healthy individuals kept in standard vivarium conditions. After dissection, fixation, dehydration, and primary processing, tissue samples were embedded in a mixture of paraffin and lanolin to obtain material for sections. Sections were made using a freezing and angular microtome and stained with hematoxylin and fuchsine solutions. Changes in morphology were assessed by microscopy using a Leitz DIAPLAN system. As a result of heat stress, an increase in linear cell size, capillary network area, and adrenal mass was observed; adipocytes lost lipid vacuoles; prismatic thyroid cells were replaced by flat cells; hypothyroidism; an increase in the number of osteocyte lacunae; and increased osteoclast activity in bone tissue; interstitial and intracellular oedema and caryopycnosis of ventricular cardiomyocytes; reduction in the diameter of skeletal muscle fibers and replacement of tissue with collagen fibers; water loss in the structure of myofibrils; destructive local changes, hyperchromatosis and caryopycnosis of the hippocampus. The data obtained allows predicting the possible consequences of prolonged overheating of tissues of other vertebrates and the human body.

Herbal Innovations in Candidiasis Management: A Comprehensive Review of Aloe Vera and Betel Leaf Extract Based Antifungal Gel

Candidiasis is the most prevalent fungal infection in people, and it is caused by C. albicans, both primary and secondary. Herbal medications are still the backbone of around 75-80% of the world's population, primarily in poor countries, for basic health care due to superior cultural acceptance, compatibility with the human body, and less adverse effects. herbal medicines are made from plants or plant parts and are used to cure injuries, diseases, and illnesses, as well as to promote health and healing. Plant-based medicinal products have a vital part in the healthcare of the remaining 20% of the population, who primarily live in developed nations. Aloe vera (Sanskrit Ghritakumari, Kumara; Hindi-Guarpatha, Ghikanvar) is a herb often known as the "medicinal plant" due to its numerous therapeutic characteristics. Aloe vera, botanically known as Aloe barbadensis Miller, is a member of the lily family. Aloe products are quite popular on the market and are extensively utilized in the skin care, cosmetics, medical, healthcare, and food industries. We are now employing piper betel leaf, commonly known as betel leaf (khaupan). Ayurvedic medicine from ancient India cites various medicinal advantages, including its antifungal properties. Candidiasis is the most prevalent fungal infection in people, and it is caused by C. albicans, both primary and secondary “Abstract” is a necessary section in a research paper. It may be constructed by gathering main points (summary) from each section of the research paper.

Delivery Garbage Behavior Detection Based on Deep Learning

In the context of rapid urbanization, the challenge of effective garbage disposal has become increasingly significant. Traditional methods for addressing illegal littering by pedestrians are not only inefficient but also resource-intensive, demanding considerable manpower and materials. This study introduces a deep learning-based approach for detecting improper garbage disposal behavior. Leveraging advanced deep learning technologies, this approach focuses on object detection, tracking, and human posture analysis to identify and alert against illegal dumping activities captured in video footage, specifically targeting incidents outside designated times or areas. The primary aim is to facilitate prompt detection and mitigate associated health risks. The system uses three deep learning models, YOLOv5, DeepSORT and MobilePose. YOLOv5 is used to identify the human body and garbage bag, DeepSORT is used to track the two, and MobilePose identifies the key points of the human body for posture estimation. The tracking algorithm is used to determine whether to throw garbage.

Feasibility and recyclability study of magnetic activated carbon derived from palm tree fibres (AC/Fe3O4) in thorium (IV) removal from aqueous solution

ABSTRACT Entrance and penetration of Th (IV) into the human body can lead to many health effects. The main objective of the current study was to demonstrate the elimination of Th (IV) from aqueous solutions using magnetic activated carbon derived from palm tree fibres (AC/Fe3O4) as an efficient and environmentally friendly adsorbent. The Box-Behnken Design (BBD) under the response surface methodology (RSM) was used to determine the impact of independent parameters and optimal conditions. The optimal conditions were achieved in Th (IV) concentration of 11 mg/L, contact time of 30 min, pH 4, and the adsorbent dose of 3.12 g/L (maximum adsorption of Th (IV): 96.60%). The AC/Fe3O4 had good recyclability and efficiency to remove Th (IV) from the aqueous environment.

Inhibiting SHP2 reduces glycolysis, promotes microglial M1 polarization, and alleviates secondary inflammation following spinal cord injury in a mouse model.

JOURNAL/nrgr/04.03/01300535-202503000-00030/figure1/v/2024-06-17T092413Z/r/image-tiff Reducing the secondary inflammatory response, which is partly mediated by microglia, is a key focus in the treatment of spinal cord injury. Src homology 2-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase 2 (SHP2), encoded by PTPN11, is widely expressed in the human body and plays a role in inflammation through various mechanisms. Therefore, SHP2 is considered a potential target for the treatment of inflammation-related diseases. However, its role in secondary inflammation after spinal cord injury remains unclear. In this study, SHP2 was found to be abundantly expressed in microglia at the site of spinal cord injury. Inhibition of SHP2 expression using siRNA and SHP2 inhibitors attenuated the microglial inflammatory response in an in vitro lipopolysaccharide-induced model of inflammation. Notably, after treatment with SHP2 inhibitors, mice with spinal cord injury exhibited significantly improved hind limb locomotor function and reduced residual urine volume in the bladder. Subsequent in vitro experiments showed that, in microglia stimulated with lipopolysaccharide, inhibiting SHP2 expression promoted M2 polarization and inhibited M1 polarization. Finally, a co-culture experiment was conducted to assess the effect of microglia treated with SHP2 inhibitors on neuronal cells. The results demonstrated that inflammatory factors produced by microglia promoted neuronal apoptosis, while inhibiting SHP2 expression mitigated these effects. Collectively, our findings suggest that SHP2 enhances secondary inflammation and neuronal damage subsequent to spinal cord injury by modulating microglial phenotype. Therefore, inhibiting SHP2 alleviates the inflammatory response in mice with spinal cord injury and promotes functional recovery postinjury.