Huazhong University Of Science And Technology Research Articles

Preface

A peer-reviewed International Conference on Engineering of Optical System and Precision Instruments (ICEOP 2023) was held on August 26-27 at the academic exchange center of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, in Wuhan, China.The conference was made stimulating and informative by three plenary keynote speeches by the pioneers of their fields. Prof. Haiming Luo, Professor of Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), China; Prof. Jinbo Pang, Professor of Chemistry and Materials Science, Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research (iAIR), University of Jinan (UJN), China; Prof. Martin Becker, Professor of Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Germany, delivered their wonderful talks. There are also 10 oral presentations and 5 posters are presented at the ICEOP2023 conference. At the end of each presentation, there will be 5 minutes for a question-and-answer to facilitate communication among participants.This volume is a compilation of 18 selected papers from ICEOP 2023 and focuses on recent advances experiences, and emerging trends that have positively impacted our world in optical engineering and precision instruments, which has provided such a platform to researchers, engineers, industrial professionals, and practitioners of the optical engineering and precision instruments field from all over the globe. Four sections are divided: Modern Optical Engineering, Image Acquisition and Processing, Laser Technology, and Optoelectronic Engineering and Precision Control. It has kindled validated discussions on the technological advancements, recent trends, various issues of sustainability, and the solutions adopted to address these issues in the amalgamating field of engineering, technology and science by embodying innovative ideas and pivoting advanced technologies.The organizing committee addresses the thanks to esteemed associates of the conference, eminent speakers, the technical committee members, reviewers, participants, and all the members who have supported the conference. We are grateful for your attendance and contribution to a successful ICEOP 2023.Organizing Committee of ICEOP 2023Valery Tuchin (Conference Chair)Head of Optics and Biophotonics Chair, Director of Science Medical CenterSaratov State University, RussiaList of Editorial Board Members, Scientific Committee are available in this Pdf.

A controllable main wing module design and working strategy for a water-jet hybrid underwater glider

A water-jet hybrid underwater glider (WJHUG) is a hybrid-driven underwater glider (HUG) developed by Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST) that has a gliding mode, a fixed depth propulsion mode, and a hybrid gliding mode. However, the fixed hydrodynamic shape cannot satisfy the application requirements of the WJHUG to operate in multiple modes. To realize an actively changing hydrodynamic shape in a WJHUG, we propose a controllable main wing module (CMWM) design concept. The specific layout scheme and actuator design of the CMWM are presented. Using surrogate-based optimization (SBO), the optimization of the rectifier appendage design for the CMWM is accomplished. Analysis of the WJHUG working strategy with the CMWM is carried out by global optimization for the optimal variable wing angle under different modes. Compared with the original model, the final evaluation results show that the lift-to-drag ratio in gliding mode of the WJHUG with the CMWM was improved by a maximum of 9.4%, and the drag was decreased by a maximum of 21.5% under small angles of attack (AOAs) in fixed depth propulsion mode. Finally, the strong performance of the CMWM design and working strategy are verified by field experiments.

Characterization of the hydrogen plasma in the RF negative ion source by optical emission spectroscopy

Optical emission spectroscopy (OES) is an important noninvasive diagnostic tool for providing insight into the plasmas of the negative ion sources. The plasma spectroscopic characterization of the RF driven negative ion source at Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST) is studied with the delivered power from 6 kW to 16 kW. The gas temperature, electron temperature, electron density and the density ratio of atomic hydrogen to molecular hydrogen are extracted from OES. The gas temperature is estimated from the Fulcher band of H2. A global thermal model is developed to investigate the gas heating mechanisms in hydrogen plasmas. The gas temperature calculated by the model using the electron density and electron temperature from OES as input parameters is in good agreement with that from the experiment. The thermal model shows that the dissociation of molecular hydrogen by electron impact is the dominant source of gas heating and that approximately 11% ∼12% of the delivered power is dissipated in gas heating at 0.3 Pa filling pressure. Moreover, the electron temperature, electron density and the ratio of atomic to molecular density are obtained from the absolute intensity of Balmer lines and Fulcher band by using collisional radiative (CR) models of H and H2. The kinetics of the excited states of H are also discussed.

Design and optimization of an adjustable RF positive hydrogen ion source

An adjustable radio frequency (RF) positive hydrogen ion source is designed in Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST) to provide ion beam with adaptive beam current and beam energy for neutral beam injection (NBI) related material research. The ion source aims to produce 10–20 keV positive hydrogen ion beam with total current of 50–125 mA. This paper investigates the design of the RF ion source including RF driver via inductively discharge mechanism and the extractor which is designed and optimized, including ion beam optics simulation, thermal analysis and power supply analysis. The vacuum analysis of the source is carried out as well.

Optimization Design of Pressure Hull for Long-Range Underwater Glider Based on Energy Consumption Constraints

Underwater gliders are a class of ocean observation equipment driven by buoyancy, and their energy consumption source is mainly generated by the active regulation of buoyancy. The periodic elastic deformation of the pressure hull during the upward and downward movement of the underwater glider can have a large impact on its driving buoyancy. This paper relates the optimization problem of the pressure hull with the energy consumption of underwater glider, and the energy improvement factor is taken as the optimization objective. Based on the mechanical theory, the theoretical optimization model and constraint model are derived. A hybrid genetic simulated annealing algorithm (HGSAA) is adopted to optimize the pressure hull of the underwater glider developed by Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST). Additionally, the effectiveness of the optimized mathematical model and optimization results were verified by the tests. The sea trial results show that after the pressure hull optimization, the energy consumption of the buoyancy regulation unit decreased by 21.9%, and the total energy carried increased by 12.4%.

A Review of On-Line Measurement Methods of Alkali Metal Emissions from Combustion by Passive Spontaneous Emission Spectroscopy

This article reviews the principles and applications of passive spontaneous emission spectroscopy (SES) for the quantitative determination of alkali metal concentrations emitted from combustion processes. The combustion of fuels that contain a high alkali metal content (Na and/or K) is challenging, as alkali metals reduce the slag formation temperature and induce fouling, causing combustion facilities to shutdown prematurely. The in situ on-line quantification of alkali metals is, thus, a critical measure to control combustion processes, preventing slagging and fouling from occurring. This review shows that several SES systems, developed by the Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), are inexpensive, portable, and useful for measuring the alkali metal content, and have been applied for biomass combustion as well as coal and municipal solid waste combustion, from laboratory-scale settings (20 kW) to industrial facilities (300 MW). Compared with other research, the SES system from HUST has successfully quantified the emitted alkali metal concentrations during combustion. This review also highlights the challenges of the SES system and recommends further work to improve it for further applications.

(Adv. Mater. 52/2022)

Advanced MaterialsVolume 34, Issue 52 2270357 Cover PictureFree Access (Adv. Mater. 52/2022) First published: 28 December 2022 https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202270357AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Graphical Abstract Huazhong University of Science and Technology This special issue is dedicated to the 70th Anniversary of Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST). The articles are contributed by the faculty of HUST, covering a broad scope of research areas in materials science, including electronic and optoelectronic materials, energy-storage materials, materials for energy conversion and catalysis, functional soft materials, bio/medical materials, as well as advanced materials manufacturing and processing, etc. This issue offers a window representing the cutting-edge research activities on materials at HUST. Volume34, Issue52Special Issue: 70th Anniversary of Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyDecember 28, 20222270357 RelatedInformation

Highlights of Research Activities in Advanced Materials at Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST)

Highlights of Research Activities in Advanced Materials at Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST)

Special issue “optical communications, sensing, and laser applications”

Special issue “optical communications, sensing, and laser applications”

Coil Error Analysis of a Curved Canted-Cosine-Theta Magnet Applied to a Superconducting Gantry

A lightweight superconducting (SC) gantry with large momentum acceptance is under research at Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST). The curved alternating gradient Canted-Cosine-Theta (AG-CCT) magnets are the essential components of this SC gantry. This study presents the findings on coil error analysis of the AG-CCT magnets. Based on multi-line model using Biot-Savart law, a coil model built with coil winding error is developed, and it is adopted to evaluate the influence on the proton beam. The tolerance of coil winding is determined by the study on different error amplitude in the beam envelope. Additionally, the compensation method is also discussed.

Design and Optimization of Combined-Function Quadrupole-Sextupole Magnets

A lightweight superconducting (SC) gantry with large momentum acceptance is under development at Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST). Three types of combined-function quadrupole-sextupole (QS) magnets are used to suppress the chromatic dispersion for the large momentum acceptance. This paper introduces the design and optimization of the QS magnets with adjustable sextupole to quadrupole (S/Q) field ratio. The pole shaping method and asymmetric excitation method are discussed in detail for the design. Considering the magnetic field quality deterioration caused by the asymmetry of the pole face, the contour of the pole face and the pole end chamfer are optimized to minimize the harmonics field. After several iterations, the maximum harmonics of the QS2 magnet can be limited within 1E-03. In addition, we investigate the magnetic center shift, when the S/Q ratio changes.

Coil induced eddy current analysis of a fast kicker magnet

The eddy current effect is an important issue in pulsed magnet design. The eddy currents in the iron cores and the metal supports are proven to be the major causes of the eddy current effects in accelerator magnets. In our previous study, we focused on the eddy current effects in yoke and metal supports of a fast kicker magnet in Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST). Simulations using OPERA 3D revealed that eddy currents in yoke and metal supports have no significant influence on the magnetic field quality. However, the measured magnetic field distortion is approximately ± 0.4% during the fast change of magnetic field, and it takes several hundreds of microseconds to disappear. In addition, it is difficult to achieve a fast transient from the rising process to a steady state. Herein, we investigate the coil induced eddy current effect of a fast kicker magnet and reveal the main reason for the field distortion and the difficulty in the pulsed power supply commissioning. With design considerations of the coil induced eddy current, the simulation results can be in good agreement with the measurement results. Based on the dynamic performance of the load inductance, a fast transient from the rising process to a steady state can be achieved. The research findings can provide a good reference in the design and optimization of such pulsed magnet and associated power supply, especially for the fast kicker/bump magnet with windows frame yoke.

Development of a distributed high-speed data acquisition and monitoring system based on a special data packet format for HUST RF negative ion source

A distributed high-speed data acquisition and monitoring system for the RF negative ion source at Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST) is developed, which consists of data acquisition, data forwarding and data processing. Firstly, the data acquisition modules sample physical signals at high speed and upload the sampling data with corresponding absolute-time labels over UDP, which builds the time correlation among different signals. And a special data packet format is proposed for the data upload, which is convenient for packing or parsing a fixed-length packet, especially when the span of the time labels in a packet crosses an absolute second. The data forwarding modules then receive the UDP messages and distribute their data packets to the real-time display module and the data storage modules by PUB/SUB-pattern message queue of ZeroMQ. As for the data storage, a scheme combining the file server and MySQL database is adopted to increase the storage rate and facilitate the data query. The test results show that the loss rate of the data packets is within the range of 0–5% and the storage rate is higher than 20 Mbps, both acceptable for the HUST RF negative ion source.

Preface

In order to meet the health and safety needs of our attendees and staff, 2022 2nd International Conference on Electronics, Circuits and Information Engineering (ECIE 2022) which was scheduled to be held in Xiamen, China was held virtually online during 7th to 9th, January, 2022. Being different from the traditional gatherings we all know, this virtual conference allows us to connect in new ways while keeping expenditure saving and maintaining social distancing. Presentations of presenter from different countries are accessible to hundreds of researchers effectively. There were 110 individuals who attended this online conference, represented many countries including Malaysia, Pakistan, India and China.ECIE 2022 is an international forum for scientists, engineers, and practitioners to present their latest research and development results in all areas of Electronics, Circuits, and Information Engineering. Conference topics mainly include but are not limited to Software engineering, Power and energy circuits, Optoelectronics, Single-chip microcomputer technology, etc. ECIE 2022 welcomes all high-quality research papers and presentations from related research fields.During the conference, the conference model was divided into three sessions, including oral presentations, keynote speeches, and online Q&A discussion. In the first part, some scholars, whose submissions were selected as the excellent papers, were given about 5-10 minutes to perform their oral presentations one by one. Then in the second part, keynote speakers were each allocated 30-45 minutes to hold their speeches. In the second part, we invited five professors as our keynote speakers. Prof. Jie Sun, Fuzhou University, China, performed a speech on Research on micro-LED based displays in China’s Mindu Innovation Laboratory. And then we had Prof. Kai Yang, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), China. He talked about New type of direct-drive permanent magnet motor and its robust control technology. Prof. Weigang Hou, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, China. He delivered a wonderful speech: Photonic CNN Accelerator. Prof. Ghani Albaali, Princess Sumaya University for Tech in Amman, Jordan, performed a speech: Using Computational Fluid Dynamics in the Processing Engineering. Lastly, we were glad to invite Prof. Debashis De, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology, West Bengal, India as our finale keynote speakers. He shared a speech on Internet of Drone Things. Their insightful speeches had triggered heated discussion in the third session of the conference. Every participant praised this conference for disseminating useful and insightful knowledge.List of Committee member, Committee Chairs, Organizing Committee, Technique Programme Committee are available in this pdf.

Photonic Crystal-Enhanced Photodynamic Antibacterial Therapy

Photonic Crystal-Enhanced Photodynamic Antibacterial Therapy

Real-time measurement device of RF impedance and power for HUST RF negative ion source

A radio-frequency (RF) negative ion source is constructed at Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST). It is aimed to produce H− beam up to 30 keV and study the beam optics. For the tuning of matching network, and analyzing the RF power coupling efficiency of the ion source driver and the ratio of harmonics in the RF system, it is necessary to measure the RF impedance and power at the input port of the matching network. Therefore, a real-time measurement device of RF impedance and power is developed. Aimed at sampling the RF voltage and current, a kind of non-contacting sampling circuit is adopted. Parametric analyses are performed to evaluate the influence of coaxial cable on the sampled signal transmission, and then a preprocessing circuit is proposed. Based on FPGA, a high-speed signal processing unit is developed with the high-speed ADC acquisition, FFT analysis and discrete spectrum correction function. The experiments are carried out at 1, 3 and 5 MHz respectively to verify the performance of the measurement device. In general, the measurement device is of high precision and speed for RF impedance and power measurement.

Progress in a Time Loop

Progress in a Time Loop

Research on low-carbon campus based on ecological footprint evaluation and machine learning: A case study in China

Universities, the important locations for scientific research and education, have the responsibility to lead ecological civilization and low carbon transition. Ecological footprint evaluation (EFE) is usually used to measure sustainability of campuses. Although it can provide guidance and reference for overall campus planning, it lacks effective significance for individual behavior, especially when the reduction of carbon emissions is the aim. On the other hand a possible solution can be represented by machine learning. It can identify the key factors that will influence individual's overall carbon emissions caused by students' daily behavior, it can be used to find effective ways to reduce individual carbon emissions. This paper applied EFE and machine learning to comprehensively evaluate campus sustainability and students' carbon emissions. Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), a “University in the Forest”, was used as a study case in China. Even if HUST is endowned with a forest coverage of 72%, here we showed that its Ecological Footprint Index was −12.52, indicating strong unsustainability. This is mainly due to the high energy and food consumption, caused by the large population living in the campus and the lacking of energy saving measures. The per capita ecological footprint was relatively high, compared with other universities in the world, which meant more efforts needed to be done on ecological sustainability. Low carbon emission is a key feature for a sustainable campus. Based on the questionnaire survey delivered to 486 students who live in the campus, their daily active data were collected in terms of students' personal clothing, food, housing, consumption and transportation. And their associated carbon emissions were calculated based on emission intensities of Chinese population. Based on 486 detailed datasets, machine learning was then used to identify the key daily behavior to influence students' total carbon emission. Results showed that making behavior changes in air conditioning, food and electric bicycle were the most effective ways to reduce carbon emissions. Finally, while effective suggestions were proposed based on qualitative and quantitative evaluations, it is concluded that it is imperative for universities in China to formulate effective low-carbon policies, to achieve sustainable development and to confront global climate change.

Beam loss analysis for the negative ion source at HUST

• A combined analysis of beam loss in HUST negative ion source is carried out. • Subjects related to beam loss are considered all in an integrated set of calculations. • Results help better understand physics of beam optics and realize efficient operation of the source. A negative hydrogen ion source is constructed at Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST). It is for study of the production and acceleration of H − beam with designed energy up to 30 keV. To understand the physics of beam optics and acquire instructions for practical operation, the beam loss in HUST negative ion source is analyzed with an integrated set of calculations. The analysis adopts a detailed evaluation of gas flow and includes a consecutive calculation of beam, beam-gas collision and loss distribution. Subjects related to beam loss are learnt all in one suite. The gas density decreases in relation with the square root of gas temperature when considering the effect of heat up during discharge and grids temperature. Single stripping plays the major role in the collision between beam and background gas. Negative ion loss, stray particles distributions and heat load are also calculated without consideration of beam halo and particle-surface interactions.

Compensation and improvement for bunch length diagnostics based on RF-phasing techniques

Reliable bunch length measurement for electron beams is critical for the successful development of high-brightness beam injectors. Compared with commonly used schemes involving complicated techniques and dedicated devices, RF-phasing techniques have advantages in low-energy injectors owing to their convenience and low cost. Although previous direct calculation formulas originating from RF-phasing techniques are feasible and efficient in low-energy injectors, non-negligible errors are inevitable in practical operations, which limits application. By recalling the analytical derivation procedure and reconsidering the approximate conditions, compensation methods were explored through theoretical analysis and numerical simulations. Virtual measurements using beam dynamics calculations were used to evaluate reliability, and experimental validations were conducted at the HUST (Huazhong University of Science and Technology) injector to verify the compensation. Both of these efforts demonstrate that the improvements in the RF-phasing-based diagnostics for bunch length are feasible and reliable in typical low-energy injectors in common operating conditions. With compensation, these diagnostic methods are a promising alternative to conventional methods. For beam injectors, there may be a tradeoff among a compact layout, low cost, and complete characterization functions.