HP Process Research Articles

NILINKER: Attention-based approach to NIL Entity Linking

The existence of unlinkable (NIL) entities is a major hurdle affecting the performance of Named Entity Linking approaches, and, consequently, the performance of downstream models that depend on them. Existing approaches to deal with NIL entities focus mainly on clustering and prediction and are limited to general entities. However, other domains, such as the biomedical sciences, are also prone to the existence of NIL entities, given the growing nature of scientific literature. We propose NILINKER, a model that includes a candidate retrieval module for biomedical NIL entities and a neural network that leverages the attention mechanism to find the top-k relevant concepts from target Knowledge Bases (MEDIC, CTD-Chemicals, ChEBI, HP, CTD-Anatomy and Gene Ontology-Biological Process) that may partially represent a given NIL entity. We also make available a new evaluation dataset designated by EvaNIL, suitable for training and evaluating models focusing on the NIL entity linking task. This dataset contains 846,165 documents (abstracts and full-text biomedical articles), including 1,071,776 annotations, distributed by six different partitions: EvaNIL-MEDIC, EvaNIL-CTD-Chemicals, EvaNIL-ChEBI, EvaNIL-HP, EvaNIL-CTD-Anatomy and EvaNIL-Gene Ontology-Biological Process. NILINKER was integrated into a graph-based Named Entity Linking model (REEL) and the results of the experiments show that this approach is able to increase the performance of the Named Entity Linking model.

Modifying Cr/CrN composite structure by Fe addition: Toward manufacturing cost-effective and tough hard coatings

High-performance cutting tools require hard yet tough coatings. Physical vapor deposited CrN ceramic coatings exhibit great hardness but also high brittleness. Introducing metal phase to form Cr/CrN composite structure is effective to enhance their toughness. However, high cost hot-pressed Cr targets and narrow processing window of coating deposition limit the application of Cr/CrN composite coatings. In this work, up to 20 at.% Fe was selected to alloy with Cr in the target, aiming at simultaneously facilitating the HP process and modifying the Cr/CrN composite structure. With the help of Fe, dense targets with relative densities beyond 98% can be fabricated at the low sintering temperature of 1100 °C, 100 °C lower than that for pure Cr target. With the Cr-Fe targets, Cr(Fe)/(Cr,Fe)N composite coatings were deposited by magnetron sputtering under a N2/Ar mixed atmosphere. The hardness of coating increases from 7.26 to 11.27 GPa when Fe content in target increases from 0 to 5 at.%, due to the solution strengthening. The toughness of coating is also enhanced because of the increased amount of Cr(Fe) phase. Cr(Fe) and (Cr,Fe)N in the coating display a “pearlite-like” distribution, and in this structure, the Cr(Fe) phase is helpful to crack bridging and strain relaxation.

Schoolchildren’s participation in health promotion process

Abstract Background Health promotion (HP) process enables people to increase control over their own health. Schools offers ideal setting for HP interventions as most children spend a large part of time there. The pupils should be involved in this process. Information about schoolchildren’s participation in HP process is a key when planning measures to improve the situation. The shortage of information about students’ participation in this process leads to the aim of study - to determine schoolchildren’s’ participation in HP process. Methods Cross-sectional study was conducted in 2018. 906 schoolchildren aged 14-19 from 29 schools in Lithuania were surveyed by anonymous questionnaire (response rate 80.5%). Logistic regression models with 95% of CI were used for the data analysis. Statistical significance level was p ≤ 0.05. Results More than half of respondents (51.4% (95% CI: 48.2; 54.7)) participated in HP process. Participation was significantly related to residence (OR = 2.47 (95% CI: 1.80; 3.39)) and grade (OR = 1.39 (95% CI: 1.06; 1.82)). Participation in health promoting events (57.7% (95% CI: 53.2; 62.1)), assistance in organizing events (33.5% (95% CI: 29.3; 37.9)) - were the most common ways of schoolchildren’s participation. 35.3% of pupils (95% CI: 32.3; 38.5) evaluated their participation as good or very good. 68.7% of schoolchildren (95% CI: 65.6; 71.6)) wanted to participate in HP process more actively. Girls were more likely to want to participate in HP process more actively than boys (OR = 2.08 (95% CI: 1.56; 2.78)), children who lived in countryside were more likely to want to participate in HP process more actively than pupils who lived in city (OR = 1.42 (95% CI: 1.02; 1.99)). Conclusions Only half of schoolchildren participated in HP process. The majority of pupils would like to participate in HP process more actively, so it is very important for the school to create the right conditions and encourage schoolchildren to participate in HP process. Key messages The participation of schoolchildren in health promotion process is insufficient. The majority of pupils would like to know more about health promotion process.

Effect of high pressure processing temperature on dry-cured hams with different textural characteristics

High pressure processing is mainly used to eliminate pathogenic microorganisms and extend the shelf-life of dry-cured hams, but it also modifies its texture. These changes might be different depending on the initial textural characteristics. In this study, texture, colour and colour stability were evaluated after pressurization at 600 MPa during 6 min at 7 °C, 20 °C and 35 °C in samples with different textural characteristics (no pastiness, medium and high pastiness groups). HP treatments produced an increase of hardness (F0) and lightness (L*) values and a decrease of softness/pastiness (Y2 and Y90) and redness (a*) values at any processing temperatures. However, the increase of F0 and L* values was more pronounced in non–pasty samples. In samples with high pastiness and softness, HP processing at high temperature (35 °C) reduced the intensity of pastiness. However, texture of hams with non-pasty texture might be negatively affected. Therefore, the optimal temperature of HP processing depends on the textural characteristics of dry-cured hams

Effect of high-pressure processing on the characteristics of cheese made from ultrafiltered milk: Influence of the kind of rennet

Abstract High pressure processing (HPP) can reduce proteolysis and extend the shelf life of cheese products. This study evaluated the physicochemical, rheological, microbiological, and microstructural characteristics of HP-processed cheese made from ultrafiltered milk (UF-cheese). UF-cheeses were manufactured with recombinant chymosin (RC) or bovine rennet (BR), processed at 600 MPa/5 min/25 °C, and stored at 7 °C for up to 56 days. HPP did not affect color parameters. Both UF-cheeses (made with RC or BR) showed a significant increase in syneresis over time. Regarding texture, HPP yielded firmer cheeses. After 1 day of storage, HP-processed cheeses made with RC and BR had a reduction of 42.8 and 52.5% in proteolysis, respectively, in comparison with the controls. Moreover, HPP promoted a reduction in psychrotrophic count. HPP is a promising technology for the production of fresh UF-cheese, as it reduces proteolysis and extends product shelf life. Industrial relevance HPP is an interesting technology for the processing of fresh UF-cheese. HP process yielded firmer cheeses, caused no significant changes in color and promoted a reduction in psychrotrophic count. Additionally, the proteolysis reduction of the UF-cheese by HPP may maintain the characteristics of fresh cheeses and extend product shelf life. Therefore, the HP processing of UF-cheese can improve its market in the dairy industry to obtain fresh UF-cheese with excellent quality and an extended shelf-life.

Optimum power supply for minimum energy in nano-CMOS circuits

Operating complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) circuits in subthreshold mode of operation is proved to be energy efficient for many applications ranging from biomedical implantable devices to wireless sensors which require ultra-low power consumption. In particular, operating CMOS circuits in subthreshold mode minimizes the energy per operation which has been widely considered as the metric for measuring the power efficiency of the circuit. In this paper, the value of the supply voltage that minimizes the energy per operation in CMOS circuits is determined analytically considering the activity factor, the logic depth and the technology parameters. In addition, another analytical closed-form model is developed to predict the least value of the supply voltage for CMOS circuit to function properly. The developed models target the nano-regime CMOS technology. The simplicity of these models provides a good insight into the factors that affect the subthreshold operation. Despite their simplicity, the produced models show a very good agreement with the simulation results considering 16-nm PTM HP process parameters and different CMOS circuits.

Effect of current on the sintering of pre-oxidized copper powders by SPS

As mentioned in the literature, SPS (Spark Plasma Sintering) technology combines uniaxial charge and pulsed currents to achieve the rapid sintering of powders. Although the utilization of current is often reported, an understanding of its role in the sintering mechanisms is still a subject of controversy. In fact, the oxide layer around metal particles is sometimes considered to be a dielectric gap in which discharges may occur: these discharges can clean the surface of particles and enhance densification. In this paper, an oxide layer was grown on the particle surface of a copper powder, and the growth enabled the study of the role of current on such dielectric layers. The powders were sintered by SPS using graphite tools in a reference cycle with constant current and a relatively low pressure of 4 MPa to limit the plastic deformation of particles. Three sintering configurations were compared to this reference experiment: (i) one without current in a HP process, (ii) one with a strongly pulsed current using graphite and alumina tools and (iii) one with a high heating rate. The results indicate that current does not alter the sintering mechanism. No cleaning effect of the particle surface was observed. The oxide layers remain in the sintered samples and form collars around the necks. The oxide layer modifies the sintering mechanism; it leads to the delay of consolidation phenomena on the surface.

HP's Process of Corporate Becoming -- Why Strategic Leadership Matters

This paper shows how the study of the integral process of HP’s becoming and the differential contributions of successive CEOs to that process can be combined to create an evolutionary framework of the role of strategic leadership in corporate becoming. This conceptual framework reflects the paradox of corporate becoming and the conditions that govern it, highlights the existential situation facing successive CEOs chartered with sustaining the process, and indicates that strategic leadership of long-lived companies involves an imperfect across-CEO tenures learning process. It offers strategic leadership advice for founders of new companies as well as for CEOs and boards of directors of existing companies who intend to create, run or oversee long-lived companies.

Microstructure and Properties of Al0.4FeCrNiCo1.5Ti0.3 High Entropy Alloy Prepared by MA-HP Technique

Abstract Inequi-atomic Al0.4FeCrNiCo1.5Ti0.3 high entropy alloy has been fabricated by mechanical alloying (MA) and hot-pressing sintering (HP). The microstructure, the phase evolution and the mechanical properties of Al0.4FeCrNiCo1.5Ti0.3 alloy were investigated by XRD, SEM and an instron testing system. Results show that a simplex solid solution consisting of fcc and bcc phase is formed in 10 h ball-milling time during MA, while a fcc and two types of bcc phase (bcc1 and bcc2) are noticed after HP process. The sintered alloy exhibits excellent comprehensive mechanical properties with a high relative density of 99.48%. The yield strength, the compressive strength, the compression ratio and Vickers hardness (HV) of the alloy are 2.13, 2.54 GPa, 20.1% and 7250 MPa, respectively. The superior strength of inequi-atomic Al0.4FeCrNiCo1.5Ti0.3 high entropy alloy is attributed to solid solution strengthening, and the fracture mechanism exhibits a mixed mechanism consisting of intergranular fracture and plastic fracture modes.

Light‐directed mesoscale phase separation via holographic polymerization

ABSTRACTHolographic polymerization (HP) is a simple, fast, and attractive technique to fabricate one‐, two‐ and three‐dimensional complex and functional nanostructures. Not only does the coupling of photopolymerization and light‐directed phase separation HP process render rich polymer physics to the latter, it also leads to profound morphology‐sensitive properties of HP structures, ranging from nano‐ to mesoscales. The past two decades witnessed tremendous progress in the field and in this review, we will probe the fundamental characteristics and parameters of HP, exemplify the versatility of this nanofabrication technique by presenting a diverse selection of HP patterned soft materials, and discuss some unique applications of such HP structures. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2014, 52, 232–250

Synergistic cooperation of high pressure and carrot dietary fibre on texture and colour of pork sausages

In order to investigate the synergistic cooperation between high pressure treatment (HP) and carrot dietary fibre, two formulations of pork sausages containing different percentage of carrot dietary fibre were pressurized at 500 and 600 MPa, for 1 second, 3, 6, and 9 min at 40, 50, and 60 °C. HP treatments significantly increase Young's Modulus and affect Hencky strain values. We conclude that HP processing and carrot dietary fibre markedly improved emulsion strength resulting in firm sausages. Colour changes were investigated and significant increase in L* value and decrease in a* value were found, indicating that HP, temperature, and dietary fibre can affect physico-chemical properties of the meat matrix altering the intrinsic ability to absorb or reflect light. The sensory evaluation showed that HP treatment synergistically cooperate with carrot dietary fibre improving sensorial attributes like homogeneity, creaminess, fattiness, and firmness as detected by Napping in combination with Ultra-Flash Profile.

Properties of Silicon Oxynitride Films Annealed under Enhanced Hydrostatic Pressure

Silicon oxynitride films were deposited on Si by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition using ammonia, nitrous oxide, and silane as precursors and subjected to preannealing in an oxygen atmosphere at 1100 or under atmospheric pressure for . The oxynitride films were then further processed at temperature up to under argon hydrostatic pressure up to . The effects of high temperature–high hydrostatic pressure (HT-HP) treatment on the surface morphology, chemical bonding, crystallization effect, and photoluminescence (PL) of the SiON films were investigated. The PL intensity of silicon-rich oxynitride films is significantly enhanced by HT–HP processing. An explanation of this effect has been suggested.

High-pressure destruction kinetics of Clostridium sporogenes ATCC 11437 spores in milk at elevated quasi-isothermal conditions

The high-pressure sterilization establishment requires data on isobaric and isothermal destruction kinetics of baro-resistant pathogenic and spoilage bacterial spores. In this study, Clostridium sporogenes 11437 spores (10 7 CFU/ml) inoculated in milk were subjected to different pressure, temperature and time ( P, T, t) combination treatments (700–900 MPa; 80–100 °C; 0–32 min). An insulated chamber was used to enclose the test samples during the treatment for maintaining isobaric and quasi-isothermal processing conditions. Decimal reduction times ( D values) and pressure and temperature sensitivity parameters, Z T (pressure constant) and Z P (temperature constant) were evaluated using a 3 × 3 full factorial experimental design. HP treatments generally demonstrated a minor pressure pulse effect (PE) (no holding time) and the pressure hold time effect was well described by the first order model ( R 2 > 0.90). Higher pressures and higher temperatures resulted in a higher destruction rate and a higher microbial count reduction. At 900 MPa, the temperature corrected D values were 9.1, 3.8, 0.73 min at 80, 90, 100 °C, respectively. The thermal treatment at 0.1 MPa resulted in D values 833, 65.8, 26.3, 6.0 min at 80, 90, 95, 100 °C respectively. By comparison, HP processing resulted in a strong enhancement of spore destruction at all temperatures. Temperature corrected Z T values were 16.5, 16.9, 18.2 °C at 700, 800, 900 MPa, respectively, which were higher than the thermal z value 9.6 °C. Hence, the spores had lower temperature sensitivity at elevated pressures. Similarly, corrected Z P values were 714, 588, 1250 MPa at 80, 90, 100 °C, respectively, which illustrated lower pressure sensitivity at higher temperatures. By general comparison, it was concluded that within the range operating conditions employed, the spores were relatively more sensitive to temperature than to pressure.

Preparation and Properties of Hot Pressed 2D C/SiC Composites

In this paper a pseudo-HP process, which uses solid powder to transfer pressure to prepare complex shape articles, was adopted to prepare 2D C/SiC composites. Nano-SiC powder was used to lower the sintering temperature, thus decreasing the damage to carbon fibers. The optimum processing parameters are as follows: sintering temperature 1850°C, holding time 60min, sintering pressure 10MPa. The maximum strength is over 300MPa, and toughness is around 8MPa·m1/2. BN powder is more lubricous than carbon powder, and thus is more convenient for demoulding and pressure transferring. Precursor Infiltration and Pyrolysis (PIP) was used to further densify the composites after HP process, and strength and toughness of the samples were slightly enhanced.

Changes in the microbiological and physicochemical quality of high-pressure-treated oysters ( Crassostrea gigas) during chilled storage

Changes in the physicochemical and microbiological quality of oysters HP-treated at 260, 400 or 600 MPa for 5 min and stored at 2 °C on ice for 31 days were investigated. Microbial counts after HP treatment showed that the bacterial load was initially reduced at all pressures to levels below the detection limit. HP-treated oysters showed significantly increased pH and lightness ( P < 0.05) relative to untreated oysters; during storage, pH changed little in the pressurised oysters but decreased slightly in untreated oysters. Little changes in colour were observed during storage at 2 °C on ice, compared to untreated oysters, which showed increased b-values (stronger yellow colour). From tests of mechanical properties, HP-treated oysters showed significantly increased cutting strength ( P < 0.05) with increasing treatment pressure compared to controls throughout storage. However, HP increased lipid oxidation, the rate of which was dependent on the pressure applied. This study confirmed that HP processing can inactivate microorganisms and delay microbial growth in chilled stored oysters, but also affects their quality attributes.

The effect of high pressure processing on nutritional value and quality attributes of Cucumis melo L.

Abstract To determine the effect of cultivar on high pressure processing (HPP) performance three commercial melon varieties were assessed before and after HPP for vitamin C and β-carotene by HPLC and for ferric ion reducing capacity (FIRC) using the Ferric Reducing Ability of Plasma (FRAP) assay. Total titrable acids (TTA), °Brix and colour were also recorded for fresh,−HPP (material cut and packaged) and +HPP samples (material cut, packaged and subject to HPP). The HP process was non-thermal so as to determine the effect of pressure alone on these phytochemicals. There were significant differences between cultivars in vitamin C, β-carotene, TTA, °Brix and colour parameters in fresh samples prior to HPP. HPP did not have an effect on TTA or °Brix, but colour was adversely affected. FIRC and vitamin C concentrations were decreased by HPP and these losses were cultivar dependent for vitamin C. Levels of β-carotene were significantly increased. Cultivar was identified as an important parameter in raw material selection for HPP and retention of vitamin C as a good measure of both quality and cultivar suitability. Industrial relevance There is an increasing consumer demand for fresh, natural and healthy fruit and vegetable products with an extended shelf life. This demand is driving industry to look at alternative preservation technologies. HPP has the potential to deliver safe, preserved fruit and vegetables through enzyme inactivation of microbe destruction. HPP removes the need for additives or preservatives and the process is therefore viewed as closer to “natural” by consumers. We show that HPP results in minimal loss of sensorial properties and health-promoting phytochemicals; thus providing consumers a high quality, healthy product with extended shelf life. The introduction of non-thermal processing techniques has the potential to move the focus of the Australian food processing industry from safety to the dual aims of safety and health, resulting in an increase of health-promoting phytochemicals in highly consumed processed foods.

Changes in vitamin C content and antioxidant capacity of raw and germinated cowpea ( Vigna sinensis var. carilla) seeds induced by high pressure treatment

The effect of high pressure treatment on the vitamin C content and antioxidant capacity of raw and germinated cowpea seeds ( Vigna sinensis var. carilla) at 300, 400 and 500 MPa for 15 min at room temperature has been investigated. A considerable amount of vitamin C was detected in germinated cowpeas, but the vitamin was not detected in raw seeds. An increase on the antioxidant capacity (TEAC) in cowpea sprouts was also observed (58–67%). High pressure treatment (HP) slightly modified vitamin C content and TEAC and, after pressurization at 500 MPa, the decrease was more pronounced, although the germinated seeds submitted to this HP treatment still provided a high amount of vitamin C (15–17 mg/100 g d.m.) and the antioxidant capacity was 26–59% higher than that of the raw cowpeas. The HP process can provide minimally processed fresh-like sprouts of high quality.

Digital Labels Printing

The HP Indigo press ws4000 is a high-speed, narrow-web digital press that provides cost-effective short- to mediumrun color labels on demand for converters who print labels. With the trend towards fast-turnarounds, higher quality, more colors and shorter runs, label printers, have a real need for the means to improve profitability while meeting these demands. The HP Indigo Press ws4000 offers a complete solution to meet the demands of the Labels printers and the labels users whether it requires special colors, security features, clear or metallic substrates, image changes, numbering, or even personalization. The new HP Indigo Press ws4000 utilizes our Series II engine to deliver up to 105 feet per minute in two colors and 57.5 feet per minute in full color. Unlike conventional printing processes, there are no intermediate pre-press processes between the digital document file and the final print. No film, no image setters, no plates, no platesetters, no photo-chemicals and no waste.There is also no press make-ready: no plate mounting, no registration adjustments, and no ink keys. HP's process is fully digital from creation to printing. And, since it is fully digital, every image can be a new one, enabling information to be completely varied as required. HP's technology uses offset printing, based on the use of an offset cylinder covered with a renewable rubbery blanket. HP Indigo's ws4000 press employs a &#x2018;One-Shot Color&#x2019; process, as it is not possible to wrap the material around the impression cylinder for multiple passes. In this case, the PIP cylinder rotates several times, transferring a succession of separations and building them up on the blanket, before they are transferred to the substrate all in the same impression pass. Printing with five, six or seven colors, in addition to CMYK, offers major enhancements in color quality, range, fidelity and luminosity. In summary - HP indigo press ws4000 combines digital, offset, and color into a powerful printing process. HP indigo press ws4000 main value propositions for the labels converter are:&#x2022; reduce production cost of short- to medium-runs of 35 percent of jobs are under 6500 feet (2000 meters), the ability to run short jobs in a profitable way is essential&#x2022; faster turnaround time, on-demand (just-in-time principles)&#x2022; with easy setup&#x2022; easy and short cleanup&#x2022; fast change over&#x2022; ability for last minute changes&#x2022; no need for films and plates&#x2022; added-value printing&#x2022; variable information printing&#x2022; super print quality&#x2022; security features&#x2022; high productivity reflect in quick ROI&#x2022; end to end solution &#x2013; printing, finishing and workflow&#x2022; industrial production &#x2013; rigid structure, reliable solution and ease of use&#x2022; ElectoInks - 7 colors printing, white color, spot (corporate colors), IndiChrom, IMS, multi layers printing&#x2022; substrate flexibility &#x2013; paper, plastics face stock&#x2022; little to no waste &#x2013; first print is the right one

Dead-time free pixel readout architecture for ATLAS front-end IC

A low-power, sparse-scan, readout architecture has been developed for the ATLAS pixel front-end electronics. The architecture supports a dual discriminator and extracts the time over threshold (TOT) information along with a 2-D spatial address of the hits and associates them with a unique 7-bit beam crossing number. The IC implements level-1 trigger filtering along with event building (grouping together all hits in a beam crossing) in the end of column (EOC) buffer. The events are transmitted over a 40 MHz serial data link with the protocol supporting buffer overflow handling by appending error flags to events. This mixed-mode full custom IC is implemented in 0.8 /spl mu/ HP process to meet the requirements for the pixel readout in the ATLAS inner detector. The circuits have been tested and the IC has been found to provide dead-time-less ambiguity-free readout at 40 MHz data rate.

Effect of the RE 3+ ionic size on the REBa 2Cu 3O 7− δ ceramics oxygenated at 250 bar

REBa 2Cu 3O 7− δ (RE=Ho, Y, Dy, Gd, Sm, Nd) ceramics have been oxygenated at 1 bar pressure (LP) and, subsequently, at 250 bar (HP). Despite the noticed slight uptake of oxygen (up to the value of 0.07), after the HP processing, the electrical resistivity ( ρ) of all samples increased, what was attributed to the deterioration of the grain boundaries. The increase of ρ was much more pronounced and also accompanied by a change of ρ( T) characteristics into a semiconducting-like one in the case of 123 compounds based on REs which ionic size is large enough to form solid solutions of RE 1+ x Ba 2− x Cu 3O y type (i.e., RE=Gd, Sm, Nd). As shown in the literature, such 123s usually contain more structural defects. Thus, the observed effect may be attributed to the migration of the defects induced by the elevated pressure oxygenation. The defects could be trapped near the grain boundaries resulting in the deterioration of their electrical properties. The possible role of the oxygen-pressure-induced modifications of the impurity phases has been also discussed. The materials obtained in the HP process may be regarded as 3D arrays of superconducting grains coupled by the Josephson junction or weak links only, as was shown in a tunneling experiment.