Housing Sector Research Articles

Effectiveness Of Article 42 Sentence (1) Uu No. 6 Of 2023 On The Creation Of Work Regarding The Implementation Of The Basis Of Legal Certainty In The Mortgage Agreement By The Banks With The Act Of Binding Agreement Of Sale And Purchase

PT Bank Tabungan Negara (Persero) Tbk (Bank BTN) is a State-Owned Enterprise (BUMN) which operates in the banking sector, committed to being a bank that serves and supports housing sector financing. The mission carried out by Bank BTN is to actively support the government in advancing the welfare of the Indonesian people through home ownership and realizing the life that millions of Indonesians dream of through providing decent homes. One type of credit that is still in demand and needed by the public is KPR (Home Ownership Credit). Bank BTN as a bank that focuses on housing financing certainly fully supports the One Million Houses Program launched by the government. It is proven that currently Bank BTN is a bank with market share The largest Home Ownership Credit (KPR) in Indonesia. In order to improve and optimize services to the community with the development of the KPR business and support Bank operations both in terms of business processes and maintaining document quality, there are conditions where it is not possible to make a Sale and Purchase Deed (AJB) so that a temporary binding agreement is needed, namely a Sale and Purchase Agreement ( PPJB). This research aims to determine the implementation of KPR agreements by Bank BTN with sale and purchase binding deeds (PPJB) according to Article 42 paragraph (1) of Law no. 6 of 2023 concerning Job Creation at Bank BTN Kediri. This type of research is empirical juridical legal research and the specifications in this research are descriptive. The source and type of data in this research is primary data obtained from field studies in the form of interviews with Bank BTN Kediri employees. And secondary data was obtained from literature studies related to the theory of legal certainty. The results of this research are that the implementation of the KPR agreement by Bank BTN with the PPJB deed based on Article 42 paragraph (1) of the Job Creation Law does not fully meet the requirements stipulated in Article 42 paragraph (2) of the Job Creation Law.

Fostering long-term conviviality for refugees in the city: Inclusive, collaborative housing in Vienna

Vienna faces a ‘twofold housing and refugee crisis’ amid ongoing migration to Europe. As housing options become increasingly limited, refugees, migrants, and asylum seekers often struggle to find adequate housing, spending a disproportionate share of their income on substandard options. This research highlights progressive trends in Vienna’s refugee housing sector, particularly following the 2009 introduction of ‘Social Sustainability’ in building competitions by the City Council. This initiative has fostered several collaborative housing communities that support inclusive living. By analyzing four of these projects, the study identifies key factors that facilitate newcomers' social and spatial integration. Ultimately, the paper aims to advocate for newcomers’ right to quality housing, emphasizing the everyday and long-term challenges faced by inclusive communities striving for conviviality in a state of thrown togetherness.

The state role in the housing sector in Hamburg and Havana challenges and successes of the state's claim to control in different political and planning systems

AbstractHousing supply is a controversial topic across the globe. In Europe, for example, housing provision is fundamentally characterised by capitalist market economy. However, the intensity of state intervention differs significantly in the respective European countries. Germany is certainly one of the countries in which the state traditionally intervenes considerably in the housing market and attempts to control it through various measures. In addition, the stakeholders in the housing market are very different, and the housing market is highly segmented. In Cuba, as a rather atypical example for Latin America, where the housing market is largely liberalised, the housing market is very strongly regulated by the socialist Cuban state. In this article, we address the topics of housing supply by analysing the institutional framework conditions and the different levels of intervention in the very different systems of Germany and Cuba. In doing so, we find that the objectives at the planning and political levels in these two case studies are quite similar despite the major political and social differences. It has become clear, that there is a gap between the aspiration of the political-administrative planning system and the planning expectations of the citizens in both systems. However, it is also emphasised that the state's claim to intervene in the housing market and the regulations, production and financing conditions are very different. Using Vaus’s ‘most-different-case approach’, we emphasise for the two cities of Hamburg and Havana that although considerable successes have been achieved in both systems in terms of adequate housing provision, but major challenges still exist in both cities. The analysis has also made clear how important it is to combine housing policy demands with the realities of housing industry, real estate markets and urban planning perspectives.

Stay hungry, and stay calm in upbeat time: Local leaders' early‐life famine experience and housing sector development in China

Stay hungry, and stay calm in upbeat time: Local leaders' early‐life famine experience and housing sector development in China

Centring lived experience of homelessness in law and policy reform

This reflective work considers homelessness and provides a model of participation for improving homelessness responses through StreetCare, a NSW-based advisory committee of people with diverse lived experiences of homelessness. StreetCare provides unique, essential and pertinent advice to relevant stakeholders in the housing and homelessness sector at the local, state and national level. Through the example of StreetCare, this piece explains how the participation of those with lived experience in reform contributes to better outcomes, to the empowerment of lived experience advocates, and to more equitable laws.

Challenges in Housing Accessibility Towards Universal Design

Housing is the most regulated type of building. Standards significantly influence the design and construction quality, often making universal design more expensive and challenging to implement. This study aims to review current Spanish regulations on accessibility in the housing sector, to promote non-discriminatory and independent access, while ensuring the safety of each resident. The research is exploratory and qualitative, involving a systematic bibliographic review through an exhaustive search of regulations in force until December 2023. In Spain, there are three laws (from 1999, 1960 and 2022), three decrees (from 2006, 2013 and 2015) and a national plan from the regulatory framework. The main regulation, the Technical Building Code, outlines the accessibility, safety and habitability requirements that buildings must adhere to. The most recent is Law 6/2022 on Cognitive Accessibility. Spain has robust legislation with innovative approaches and ambitious goals. However, there is a lack of societal awareness that housing is a fundamental right and that the regulations must be upheld. Several proposals for improvement have been made. These suggested changes address the specific challenges of each region and promote more inclusive and adaptable projects for all people from the early stages of design.

Ecological-level factors associated with tuberculosis incidence and mortality: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Globally, tuberculosis (TB) is the leading infectious cause of morbidity and mortality, with the risk of infection affected by both individual and ecological-level factors. While systematic reviews on individual-level factors exist, there are currently limited studies examining ecological-level factors associated with TB incidence and mortality. This study was conducted to identify ecological factors associated with TB incidence and mortality. A systematic search for analytical studies reporting ecological factors associated with TB incidence or mortality was conducted across electronic databases such as PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science, from each database's inception to October 30, 2023. A narrative synthesis of evidence on factors associated with TB incidence and mortality from all included studies, alongside random-effects meta-analysis where applicable, estimated the effects of each factor on TB incidence. A total of 52 articles were included in the analysis, and one study analysed two outcomes, giving 53 studies. Narrative synthesis revealed predominantly positive associations between TB incidence and factors such as temperature (10/18 studies), precipitation (4/6), nitrogen dioxide (6/9), poverty (4/4), immigrant population (3/4), urban population (3/8), and male population (2/4). Conversely, air pressure (3/5), sunshine duration (3/8), altitude (2/4), gross domestic product (4/9), wealth index (2/8), and TB treatment success rate (2/2) mostly showed negative associations. Particulate matter (1/1), social deprivation (1/1), and population density (1/1) were positively associated with TB mortality, while household income (2/2) exhibited a negative association. In the meta-analysis, higher relative humidity (%) (relative risk (RR) = 1.45, 95%CI:1.12, 1.77), greater rainfall (mm) (RR = 1.56, 95%CI: 1.11, 2.02), elevated sulphur dioxide (μg m-3) (RR = 1.04, 95% CI:1.01, 1.08), increased fine particulate matter concentration (PM2.5) (μg/ m3) (RR = 1.33, 95% CI: 1.18, 1.49), and higher population density (people/km2) (RR = 1.01,95%CI:1.01-1.02) were associated with increased TB incidence. Conversely, higher average wind speed (m/s) (RR = 0.89, 95%CI: 0.82,0.96) was associated with decreased TB incidence. TB incidence and mortality rates were significantly associated with various climatic, socioeconomic, and air quality-related factors. Intersectoral collaboration across health, environment, housing, social welfare and economic sectors is imperative for developing integrated approaches that address the risk factors associated with TB incidence and mortality.

Between smart housing and home. EU-funded climate smart interventions in Swedish public housing

Smart housing and its consequences for tenants is still a largely absent field in smart city and housing research. Departing from the EU-funded project GrowSmarter, 2015–2019 and a renovation project of a 1960s housing complex in Stockholm, the article investigates tensions around retrofitting older apartment blocks to make them climate smart. The article presents the argument that top-down approaches of EU-funded climate-smart city interventions leave minimal space for different stakeholders to steer the process and limits the tenants’ role and influence. Researching the implementation of smart technology in housing renovations and how it ultimately effects tenants’ everyday lives, the article adds to previous knowledge of uneven development of climate smart solutions through bringing in the outcomes of housing renovation projects, and how ‘actual smart cities’ are played out within the housing sector. The article brings together research on climate urbanism, housing studies and smart cities with the purpose to understand the scalar politics of smart implementations and the effects on tenants.

Improving the Efficiency of Submersible Multistage Pumps Based on the Hydrophobization of the Flow Part Surfaces

The paper presents an experimental study of an assembly of five stages of an electric centrifugal pump (ECP) installation, the flow part of which is modified according to the principles of biomimetics, namely using the “lotus leaf effect”. The object of the study was a 5A-35 ECP. The surfaces of the blade systems of impellers and guide devices of stages 5 A-35 were hydrophobized using the method of applying surfactant layers. The degree of impellers hydrophobicity was estimated by the wetting angle average value measured by three drops at three different points on the impeller surface. The impellers surface roughness under study was determined by the arithmetic mean profile deviation Ra and the profile height irregularities Rz. The issues related to the surfactant coating modification effect salt deposition and corrosion were studied. For this purpose, the surfaces of the original and modified impellers were subjected to intensive forced salt deposition as a result of prolonged exposure to saline solution. The conclusion about the samples corrosion resistance degree was made by changing their mass, which was due to the salt deposits formation during 15 hours of stay in solution, as well as using the drop method. Both methods have shown that the surfactant coating can serve as a salt deposition inhibitor, and the pump impeller modified by it has increased corrosion resistance. Thus, during comparative tests, a smaller mass of salt was deposited on the modified impeller sample during 15 hours of exposure in saturated saline solution than on the original sample. This indicates that the surfactant layer prevents the salt deposits fixation on the working surfaces of the pump stage. On the modified sample examined by the drop method, the indicator color changed in 20 minutes, and on the original one – in 2 minutes. Experimental studies have been carried out, during which the operation energy parameters of a five stages 5A-35 pumping package with initial and modified surfactant-coated impellers have been determined. The studies have shown a 2 % increase in efficiency in the pum-ping package of stages with modified impellers. The results of the study can be useful in the oil production, chemical industry, as well as in the housing and communal services sector.

Does the Special Allocation Fund Reduce Rural Poverty?

This study aims to analyze the effect of special allocation funds for thematic poverty reduction assignments in the fields of water, sanitation, and the field of settlement and housing on poverty in rural areas. The data collected by secondary data is number of poor people in rural areas is accessed through the BPS website, and special allocation funds for thematic poverty reduction assignments in the fields of water, sanitation, and settlement and housing are collected by accessing the Simtrada website (Information System Transfer to Regions and Village Funds) https://djpk.kemenkeu.go.id//simtrada/. The population of 34 provinces and the sample of 25 provinces in Indonesia that experienced a decrease in rural poverty were analyzed in this research. The data were analyzed by multiple regression analysis techniques. The results showed that special allocation funds for thematic poverty reduction assignments in the water sectors, and in the field of sanitation sector, did not significantly affect poverty reduction, (sig p-value 0.461>0.05 and sig p-value 0.751 > 0.05 respectively). The value of special allocation funds for thematic poverty reduction assignments in the field of the housing sector had a significant effect on reducing rural poverty (sig p-value (0.007< 0.05). This study recommends that poverty reduction funds in rural areas, especially in the field of housing, continue to be distributed and managed appropriately, so that poverty in rural areas is alleviated.

Causative factors of Abandoned Urban Housing Projects and Strategies for Revitalization in Ibadan, Nigeria

In Nigeria, over 56,000 projects have been abandoned, leading to negative societal and urban impacts, including wasted investment, job losses, increased crime rates, visual pollution, and disruption of urban planning. These abandoned projects, which include residential, commercial, and industrial buildings, have significant multiplier effects on the construction industry. As the housing sector plays a vital role in a country's economy, the issue of abandoned urban housing projects, particularly in Ibadan, Nigeria’s third-largest city, poses serious challenges. These challenges affect the city’s economic growth, social cohesion, and environmental quality, yet there is limited research addressing the problem. This paper investigated the causes of abandoned housing projects in Ibadan, aiming to find ways to revive them and prevent future abandonment. A structured questionnaire (n=45) was administered to consultants and professionals in the built environment (architects, engineers, quantity surveyors, and builders). Key causes of abandonment were identified, along with impacts such as building dilapidation, environmental decline, and urban visual displeasure. The paper recommended the establishment of regulatory frameworks for periodic inspections of ongoing projects and requiring developers to have exit strategies for financial setbacks. It also emphasized policies that promote repurposing abandoned buildings for public services, such as affordable housing or community centers. The conclusion stressed that without addressing the root causes, urban aesthetics and adequate housing provision will continue to suffer.

ENHANCING SUSTAINABLE HOUSING DEVELOPMENT IN MALAYSIA: THE ROLE OF COOPERATIVE FEDERALISM IN FEDERAL-STATE COLLABORATION

Sustainable housing development in Malaysia relies on collaborative governance and resource sharing. Several proposed sustainable housing initiatives have involved federal-state tensions. Cooperative federalism can bring together diverse stakeholders to address complicated environmental, social, and economic variables affecting housing construction, according to this study. The authors analyze federal and state laws and policies doctrinally. To assess the efficacy of collaborative governance and resource sharing, government officials, housing experts, policymakers, and community leaders were interviewed. Fictional international case studies inform this study. The authors find 1) federal or state government agencies lack coordination. 2) policy alignment for sustainable housing development and 3) state resource constraints. The findings show how collaborative governance and resource sharing may transform. Participants understand the importance of federal-state housing policies, which streamline sustainable housing development and prevent conflicting laws. Effective intergovernmental connections inform housing policy decisions, meeting local demands. International case studies also provide many suggestions for adapting and innovating in Malaysia. This study proposes resilient, inclusive, and sustainable housing in Malaysia. By adopting collaborative governance, harmonizing policies, pooling resources, fostering intergovernmental partnerships, and learning from global experiences, Malaysia's housing sector may inspire future generations with innovation and sustainability.

Optimization of Embodied Energy and Construction Cost of Low-Income Housing in Urban India

India is the most populous country in the world, having a population of 1.42 billion in 2022. It is urbanizing rapidly, with the present urbanization level at about 35%, which is expected to reach about 40% by 2030. There was an estimated demand of 11.22 million homes in urban India in 2017, of which 95% was in the affordable housing sector. This demand is expected to increase with the current urbanization trends. The Indian government is promoting the construction of millions of affordable houses under its ambitious Prime Minister’s Housing Program. These houses are planned, designed, and constructed using local materials and techniques, considering local climatic, geological, hazard, and socio-economic conditions. We examined the 30 most commonly applied housing typologies to determine which typologies and materials have minimum embodied energy and construction costs. The results indicate that load-bearing housing construction of up to three stories, with a plinth–carpet area ratio of 1.31, constructed with any of the blocks-based masonry techniques, has the lowest embodied energy and construction cost, and houses with a plinth–carpet area ratio of 1.51 have the highest. Further, houses constructed with Hollow CC block masonry have the lowest embodied energy, and HF Fly Ash block-based masonry has the lowest construction cost.

Enhancing Regulatory Compliance to Prevent Errors: Insights from Federal Housing Program Implementation

Purpose: Regulatory compliance is a vital part of governance, ensuring that programs across various sectors are implemented effectively and without errors. This study focuses on the Virginia Beach Housing & Neighborhood Preservation department, examining how it managed the CARES Act and HUD ARPA legislation, two significant federal regulations introduced during challenging times. The integration of these laws into existing local policies presented a range of difficulties, including conflicts, misinterpretations, and delays. This research analyzes those challenges and offers strategies to streamline compliance in future situations. Methodology: To better understand the regulatory hurdles, this study employed a thorough document analysis and compared housing sector compliance issues with those faced in healthcare. Both sectors deal with strict regulations, and non-compliance can have serious consequences. In healthcare, for instance, lapses in compliance can endanger patient safety, while in housing, they can lead to administrative inefficiencies and misuse of resources. By drawing this comparison, the study highlights the broader implications of effective compliance systems across different sectors. Findings: The findings show that regulatory compliance not only helps reduce errors but also enhances overall program performance. The challenges faced by the Virginia Beach Housing & Neighborhood Preservation department serve as an example of the obstacles organizations encounter when implementing new regulations. The solutions proposed in this study offer a clear path for improving compliance systems and reducing operational disruptions. Unique Contribution to Theory, Policy and Practice: Ultimately, this study emphasizes the importance of robust compliance frameworks in ensuring efficient program execution. It argues that proper management of compliance not only mitigates risks but also contributes to better outcomes across various sectors. By offering practical strategies for overcoming compliance challenges, this research adds valuable insights to the field and supports the ongoing development of effective regulatory practices that benefit both organizations and the communities they serve.

The effect of soaring housing prices on the quality of export products: Evidence from China

AbstractThis paper examines the impact of rising housing prices on the quality of export products. When housing prices increase, the collateral value of firms can rise, easing financial constraints and potentially boosting investment in innovation and product quality. However, higher housing prices can also lead firms to divert investments from their core business operations to the housing sector, where returns are relatively higher. This diversion can negatively affect product quality. We empirically investigate this relationship using Chinese firm‐level data, matched with customs and city‐level data from 2000 to 2013. Our results show that during China's housing boom, rising housing prices significantly reduced the quality of export products. The negative impact of speculative investment in the housing sector outweighed the positive effects of eased credit constraints. Firms with real estate investments and industries with low external financial dependence were more affected by rising housing prices. Additionally, government restrictions on home purchases helped mitigate the negative impact of rising housing prices on export product quality.

The role of bank credit in alleviating the housing problem in Iraq for the period (2004-2021)

It is no secret that bank credit plays an effective role in the economic and social life of all societies, especially in terms of stability and prosperity through the necessary financing for investors and individuals seeking their needs for housing units. The research was based on the financing provided by the relevant authorities in Iraq, such as the Real Estate Bank and the Housing Fund, with the support of the Central Bank through its well-known initiatives. The importance of the research lies in the ability of banks and relevant authorities to provide an appropriate climate for those concerned with the housing problem and meet their need to reduce this problem as much as possible if the required capital is available.As for the aim of the research, it revolves around the extent to which bank credit has an impact on reducing and effectively influencing the housing problem in Iraq. The research concluded that credit is linked to the housing problem through the existence of an inverse relationship between the housing problem as a dependent variable and bank credit directed to the housing sector, whether cash or pledged, as independent variables.The researcher reached important recommendations for a solution, the most prominent of which is the necessity for the state to adopt a new strategy to eliminate the housing crisis, which includes a specific and well-studied timetable to come up with unconventional solutions and not be satisfied with patchwork solutions and policies. The role of the private sector must also be activated in investing in the housing sector and providing all types of support and incentives to it, in addition to working to increase investment financial allocations directed to the housing sector. From the federal budget in order to meet as much as possible the need for housing units to alleviate the housing crisis, not to mention reviewing the laws and legislation related to the housing sector in a way that leads to making the housing sector an attractive sector for investment to attract the necessary capital for it.

Особенности банкротства управляющих компаний: правовое регулирование и правоприменение

The article provides a comprehensive analysis of legal aspects related to debt management for communal services and bankruptcy procedures of managing companies in the Russian Federation. The main focus is on analyzing the heterogeneity of legal approaches in judicial practice, obligations and rights of subscribers for payment of communal services, as well as recent changes in legislation aimed at increasing transparency in the housing and communal services sector and strengthening the rights of property owners. The author proposes comprehensive measures to improve the situation, including the standardization of legal approaches, strengthening control over payment for services, and preventing bankruptcy of managing companies through the development of effective mechanisms.

Housing as an Arena for Change – From Eco-Efficiency to Sufficiency in the Swedish Housing Sector

ABSTRACT The housing sector in Sweden, as elsewhere, faces major transitions to meet far-reaching sustainability targets. Eco-efficiency has tended to dominate the sustainability discourse, with a reliance on incremental improvements. This paper explores what is needed to reach a system-level framing of sustainability transformations in housing and home-related structures and practices. Based on previous research and empirical insights from workshops with diverse actors in the Swedish housing sector, we explore different narratives of what needs to change and perspectives on agency and collective action. Shifting the narrative from efficiency to sufficiency, and from a focus on technology and behaviour to complex interactions between actors and systems, offers opportunities as well as tensions in the sector. While the current paradigm offers limited space for action, the emergence of perspectives, policies, and practices concerning, for example, living smaller, simpler, and sharing posits the housing sector as an arena for socio-ecological transformations.

Safe and just housing for all–Towards establishing a sustainable consumption corridor for housing

This paper introduces a sustainable consumption corridor (SCC) framework designed to define a ‘safe’ and ‘just’ space for housing provisioning, integrating social equity with ecological sustainability in the housing sector. It proposes a comprehensive set of ecological ceilings and social foundations, providing actionable threshold indicators for measuring and guiding sustainable housing practices. Through the SCC, this work addresses the pressing socio-ecological challenges the housing sector faces, especially the need to balance housing expansion with environmental limits. In doing so, this work provides a platform to discuss the consumption-based versus absolute limits for social and ecological thresholds, the need to integrate social and environmental thresholds, and the need to model the provisioning system dynamics which in turn influence the social and environmental performance of housing provisioning systems. This provisioning includes both the physical and political economic factors which influence these outcomes. The study sets the stage for future empirical research and the refinement of indicators that can be adapted across different contexts to ensure relevance and applicability. The ultimate aim promote policies to reconfigure housing provisioning systems to meet human needs within the planetary boundaries.

Evolving Procurement Methods in Housing Projects: Insights from a Narrative Review

Effective procurement strategies in housing projects are critical for enhancing project outcomes, particularly in cost efficiency, sustainability, and timely delivery. This narrative review examines various procurement approaches used in housing projects, drawing from 72 published journal articles from 2010 to 2023, marked by rapid technological advancement and an increasing focus on sustainability. The review systematically analyses the evolution of procurement strategies, highlighting key trends, challenges, and opportunities within the housing sector. The findings underscore the pressing need to adapt procurement methods to contemporary demands, such as integrating sustainable practices and technological advancements. This study contributes to the body of knowledge by providing a comprehensive overview of procurement strategies in housing projects and offers insights that could inspire future research and practice. The outcomes suggest that a strategic approach to procurement can significantly improve project performance, stakeholder satisfaction, and overall sustainability, offering a promising future for the field.