Evolution Of Housing Policy Research Articles

A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF THE NEOLIBERAL HOUSING POLICY: AN INTERNATIONAL PERSPECTIVE

In recent years, there has been a burgeoning discourse surrounding the influence of neoliberalism on housing policy, governance, and affordability. The evolution of housing policies has coincided with the global ascent of neoliberal principles. The ideological underpinnings of neoliberalism, characterized by a focus on private property rights, unrestricted flow of capital, reliance on self-regulation in free markets, and the process of deregulation, exert a substantial impact on the trajectories of housing policies and urban governance in numerous countries. This article conducts a comprehensive review of the existing literature on housing policy and neoliberalism, adhering to the PRISMA guidelines and systematic review statements, utilizing 'housing policy and neoliberalism' as keywords. The objective of this study is to identify prevalent research themes within the realm of affordable housing and neoliberalism. The primary themes influencing affordable housing policy, as indicated by the results, encompass privatization, deregulation, and privatization once more. Subthemes within this context include the privatization of public housing, the elimination of zoning restrictions or the adoption of inclusionary zoning, and the adoption of a market-driven approach. The outcomes of this study aim to streamline existing research, offering valuable insights for future research endeavors and aiding relevant stakeholders in formulating effective affordable housing policies and enhancing the governance of housing delivery mechanisms.

South African cities, housing precarity and women’s inclusion during COVID-19

abstract South African history widely documents poor women’s housing exclusion in urban areas during the apartheid era. While the post-apartheid housing programme’s inclusionary objectives resulted in some women’s access to housing, its limited scale and some characteristics of the housing that was delivered meant that many poor women were already experiencing urban exclusion and housing precarity when the COVID-19 pandemic struck. Drawing on a growing body of COVID-19-related research as well as government responses, this article uses a gender analysis to unpack the notion of inclusive cities in the context of housing during the pandemic. It argues that despite the evolution of housing policy to include sustainability notions, in particular Sustainable Development Goal 11, which aims to make cities and human settlements inclusive and sustainable, challenges to poor women’s urban inclusion not only remain, but have been exacerbated by the pandemic. Low-income women’s exposure to insecurities related to health, safety, affordability and loss of housing have shown cities to be neither inclusive nor sustainable for poor women, while gender-blind interventions have failed to take cognizance of the gendered impact of the pandemic on their housing experience. The article calls for post-pandemic recovery responses that take into account the constraints that hinder women’s urban housing inclusion in the first instance.

Housing Supply Vs. Affordability: Who Can Afford The Private Housing Schemes In Aden (Yemen) ?

Since the early 1990s, the housing affordability issue has been the main concern of the majority of the urban sector in Aden . The urban sector before unification were benefited from the welfare housing system and paid only nominal rents . They were unaccustomed to home purchase . After unification in 1990 . however , the government decided to terminate the previous welfare housing allocation system . Housing supply , therefore was dominated by the private sector . The urban sector was forced to enter the market for housing service provision . There is a changing housing price-to-income ratio ( PIR ) since 1990 . The rapid increase of house prices has eroded the capability for homeownership . As a result , affordable private housing have experienced higher demand pressure . Without additional residential supply , demand will pull the price up and , therefore , reduce the amount of affordable accommodation . This paper will discuss : The current housing situation regarding housing policy evolution in Aden . Housing affordability definition and housing affordability barriers by reference to current literature. A model of housing affordability will be set to examine the affordability of housing schemes provided by private housing developers In this paper , it is not attempted to present a prescription for problem remedy . Nonetheless, identification and developing under standing of the affordable informing policy and practice

Tenure type landscapes and housing market change: a geographical perspective on neo-liberalization in Sweden

Discussions of tenure mix have received renewed interest as many have suggested that neo-liberalization has made way for gentrification of neighbourhoods and increasing segregation. Yet, few scholars have studied country-wide changes in tenure mix, due to the lack of data and appropriate methods. In this article, we propose to use tenure type landscapes to analyse changes in housing policy. We do so while acknowledging the evolution of housing policies in Sweden since 1990. Using individualized and multi-scalar tenure type landscapes to measure change in neighbourhoods, we analyse housing clusters in 1990 and 2012. We show that the tenure landscape in 1990 at the height of the welfare state was fairly diverse and mixed. During the next 22 years, however, the landscape changed to become more homogenized and dominated by ownership through tenure conversions and new housing. We argue that awareness of these changes is essential to understanding present and future segregation and gentrification processes.

Residential Segregation in Warsaw and its Metropolitan Area in the Context of Changing Housing Policy

Warsaw and its metropolitan area seem an interesting testing ground for research on the phenomenon of residential segregation in the context of the evolution of housing policy, since the city has been subject to significant changes as a result of historical events. Each of these contributed to alterations in the level and the character of residential segregation. The goal of this article is to answer the following question: Was the changing housing policy in Warsaw and the surrounding metropolitan area during the transformation period and afterwards accompanied by a modification of the segregation structure and what differences can be noticed in the whole of the metropolitan area and in the city itself?

Społeczna polityka mieszkaniowa w poszukiwaniu i urzeczywistnianiu trwałego rozwoju

Post-war anti-social evolution of housing policy becomes an important factor in the post-2008 deepening structural crisis of capitalism and in the end of the market paradigm of economic growth. This speaks for the analysis of social housing policy as a basis for re-evaluation of the paradigm of civilizational development towards better realization of the concept of sustainable development. Shared overreaching goals of sustainable development are best shown through the concept of infrastructure inhabited settlement. In this approach lie methodological possibilities of filling sustainable development with commonly understood social content.

Evictions and housing policy evolution in Rio de Janeiro: An ANT perspective

ABSTRACTThis article explores Rio’s housing policy transformation over the past 2 decades to reveal how it has contributed to rendering evictions and relocations possible and acceptable in the wake of mega-events. Theoretically, the article adopts actor-network theory (ANT) and the political sociology of public policy instruments (PPI) and delves into the unfolding of Rio’s slum upgrading instrumentation from 1993 to 2012. This article argues that the weakening of slum upgrading as a central policy instrument to address Rio’s housing problem together with the reemergence of housing construction as a suitable solution have contributed to the development evictions and relocations in the wake of mega-events. Therefore, the article highlights that evictions relate not only to capitalist accumulation and the neoliberal paradigm but also to other dynamics, contributing to a more nuanced account of Rio’s urban transformations in recent years.

Implikacje teorii praw własności dla funkcjonowania rynku mieszkaniowego i polityki mieszkaniowej

Zasadnicze znaczenie chronionej własności prywatnej w optymalnej alokacji zasobów oraz efektywności procesów gospodarczych podkreślane było już w ramach ekonomii klasycznej m.in. przez A. Smitha czy T. Malthusa. Próbę kompleksowej analizy roli systemów praw własności w stymulowaniu rozwoju gospodarczego podjęli przedstawiciele ekonomii instytucjonalnej w ramach teorii praw własności.Ze względu na istotne znaczenie mieszkania w życiu każdego człowieka w literaturze podkreśla się społeczny charakter nieruchomości mieszkaniowych oraz istotną rolę sektora publicznego w tworzeniu warunków do zaspokajania potrzeb mieszkaniowych obywateli. Dyskusja nad rolą sektora prywatnego oraz publicznego na rynku mieszkaniowym jest jednak nadal otwarta. Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie kluczowych kierunków zmian w funkcjonowaniu rynków mieszkaniowych oraz w obszarze polityki mieszkaniowej w świetle założeń teorii praw własności.

The demand for space in China

We review the evolution of housing policy in the People's Republic of China as the government has, between 1949 and the present, shifted the provision of housing services from a market system to a planned system, and back again. Properly designing and assessing housing policies in China or elsewhere requires knowing the price and income elasticities of housing demand. While demand elasticities for housing have been much studied around the globe, relatively few studies have estimated housing elasticities in formerly planned economies. We use the unusually rich data from the 1991 to 2006 Chinese Health and Nutrition Surveys to estimate that in China's renewed market phase the permanent income elasticity of housing services demand in China is .70 and the elasticity of housing services demand with respect to the price of space is −.64. We also estimate that in China the own-price and income elasticities of the demand for habitable space are −.38 and .29, respectively.

AN ASSESSMENT OF THE EVOLUTION OF HOUSING POLICY FRAMEWORK

Globally, housing policies have been used as an attempt to try and address housing problems, particularly in respect to the low-income earners, with the view of helping them access better housing. The evolution of housing policy in developing countries has been studied and identified in different ways, however, this paper present a robust theoretical background of the developments in housing policy framework. The data used in this paper were derived from secondary sources only; through a detailed review of related literature on the subject to meet the research objectives. The study is an in-depth literature exploration of the theoretical perspective of the housing studies framework. The literature reviewed found that the theory of housing had its origin in the Paleolithic period when homo-sapiens began to use natural materials like stone, wood, leaves, animal skin and other similar items to create shelter from elements of weather. It was also found that there are various theoretical perspective frameworks that have been used in the study of housing, such as political, social, developmental, institutional, and radical perspectives amongst others. This study provides a robust theoretical framework used in housing study.

The making of the modern British home: the suburban semi and family life between the wars

This book explores the impacts of the modern suburban semi-detached house on British family life during the 1920s and 1930s—focusing primarily (though not exclusively) on working-class households who moved from cramped inner-urban accommodation to new suburban council or owner-occupied housing estates. Migration to suburbia is shown to have initiated a dramatic transformation in lifestyles—from a ‘traditional’ working-class mode of living, based around long-established tightly knit urban communities, to a recognizably ‘modern’ mode, centred around the home, the nuclear family, and building a better future for the next generation. This process had far-reaching impacts on family life, entailing a change in household priorities to meet the higher costs of suburban living, which in turn impacted on many aspects of household behaviour, including family size. This book also constitutes a general history of the development of both owner-occupied and municipal suburban housing estates in interwar Britain, including the evolution of housing policy; the housing development process; housing and estate design, layouts, and architectural features; marketing owner occupation and consumer durables to a mass public; furnishing the new suburban home; making ends meet; suburban gardens; social filtering and conflict on the new estates; and problems of mis-selling and ‘jerry-building’. It thus integrates the social history of the interwar suburbs with their economic, business, marketing, and architectural/planning histories, demonstrating how these elements interacted to produce a new model of working-class lifestyles and ‘respectability’ which marked a fundamental break with pre-1914 urban communities.

The Demand for Space in China

We review the evolution of housing policy in the People’s Republic of China as the government has, over the past 60 plus years, shifted the provision of housing services from a market system, to a planned system, and back again. Using data from the 1991 to 2006 Chinese Health and Nutrition Surveys, we estimate that, in China’s renewed market phase, the own-price and income elasticities of the demand for habitable space are -.46 and .45, respectively. Absent information on the price of amenities, our data cannot inform us about the role of the price of amenities on the demands for amenities or housing services. However, even absent the price of amenities, our estimates indicate that the permanent income elasticity of housing services demand in China is .72 and the elasticity of housing services demand with respect to the price of space is -.57.

Structural Changes, Housing Price Dynamics and Housing Affordability in Korea

The Korean housing sector offers an interesting case study. It has had a highly regulated market faced with a large demand pressure over an extended period of economic development, has solved the problem of absolute housing shortages within a reasonably short time period, and has maintained an explicit policy goal of achieving housing price stability. This paper documents the evolution of housing policy in Korea, identifying the structural changes that have taken place in the housing market and government intervention in it since the late 1980s. It also traces the trends in housing prices and affordability during the past two decades. An econometric analysis is then conducted to explore the determinants of long-run housing prices and how the structural change in mortgage lending around 2000 has impacted the housing price dynamics in Seoul and several other major cities. Finally, a set of policy implications is drawn from the analysis of housing prices and policy experiences.

Employers, Labour Markets, and Redistribution Under State Socialism: An Interpretation of Housing Policy in Hungary 1960-1983

This paper seeks to explain the evolution of housing policy in Hungary in order to throw light on the character of redistribution under state socialism, and on the conditions under which employers intervene in the housing sphere. Changes in housing policy are explained by a model which emphasizes developments in the Hungarian economy, such as the rise of the second economy, changes in labour market competition, and the changing power of large firms, and their consequential effects on employer motivation and capacity to intervene in housing to recruit, motivate and retain their labour force. Whereas for Szelényi state socialist redistribution is inherently regressive, the model advanced here both draws attention to variations in the regressiveness/progressiveness of housing policy and offers an explanation of these changes in terms of the changing balance of forces acting on the state, and in particular the importance of large employers and the opportunities open for them to use housing to resolve their labour problems. The greater role of employers in the housing sphere in Hungary is linked to the `resource-constrained' nature of state socialist economies and to the interpenetration of economic and political spheres, and is hence argued to be a structural feature of state socialism.

Misconceptions about the Urban Poor and the Dynamics of Housing Policy Evolution

This paper identifies five common misconceptions about the urban poor in Third World cities and traces their affect on housing policy. Prospects for a successful housing strategy are suggested.

Evolution of a support policy of shelter — The experience of Sri Lanka

A survey of the housing scene in Sri Lanka during the last 10 years presents an interesting case study of the evolution of a conventional and centralised programme of public sector housing into a decentralised support policy which strengthens the communities’ initiatives in shelter. The process of rapid and deliberate change in the public housing policies over the last 10 years will be useful in a comparative study of the evolution of housing policies in developing countries. The new approaches which emerge at the end of this process appear to have brought about a radical change in the approaches to shelter and related issues in Sri Lanka. The Million Houses Programme which is now under implementation provides a broad framework for incorporation of new perceptions and strategies in public housing. These new approaches seem to reflect the determination of the Government of Sri Lanka to address the larger issues related to shelter needs of the community through a set of realistic programmes which recognise the limited availability of resources. The objective of this paper is to underline the salient features of this process. The paper is also intended to generate a discussion on the replicability of this approach in a wider context, particularly in the countries of the Third World. A word of caution at this stage may not be out of place. Due to the presence of a number of special characteristics, much of the experience in Sri Lanka may be unique. Since these characteristics have created in Sri Lanka a positive environment conducive to the development of rational shelter strategies, these factors should be given due weight in an evaluation of the replicability of the Sri Lankan experience.

Urban Policy and Patterns of Low-Income Settlement in Nairobi, Kenya

Facing an inflow of rural migrants of major proportion the city of Nairobi is currently pursuing an ambitious program to develop new housing and to upgrade present housing for low income residence. This article analyzes residential mobility patterns in the low income zones of Nariobi in the context of the historical evolution of housing policy from the colonial period to the present. Urban policy appears both deliberately and inadvertently to have operated as a constraint on the choices of migrants both on their entry into the city and in their subsequent intraurban mobility. It is argued that the new sites-and-services scheme as presently constituted does little to relieve these constraints. (Authors) (Summaries in ENG FRE SPA)

Garden city influence on the evolution of housing policy

(1979). Garden city influence on the evolution of housing policy. Local Government Studies: Vol. 5, Housing'79, pp. 5-22.