Households In South West Nigeria Research Articles

Major Constrains to Choice of Waste Management Strategies among the Poor and Non-Poor Households in South-west Nigeria

The study examined the factors influencing Households' choice of waste management strategies in Lagos State, Nigeria. A multi-stage sampling procedure was used to select respondents for the study. In the first stage, two states (Lagos state and Ogun state) were purposefully selected based on their well-organized waste management systems, relatively advanced waste management arrangements, and close proximity. In the second stage, three LGAs were purposely selected from the Lagos state, while three LGAs were selected in Ogun state, considering well-organized waste management systems. In the third stage, a stratified sampling technique was used to select four communities from each LGA into two different strata: high-income and low-income. In the fourth stage, fifteen respondents were selected using a systematic sampling technique. In all, 360 respondents were used for the study. Primary and secondary data collected from 360 respondents were analyzed using descriptive statistics, multi-dimensional poverty index, multinomial logit, and regression model. The average age of the household head was 47 years, which implies that the respondents were mostly middle-aged people who were still within their economically active age group. This is expected to positively influence the respondents' decision-making as they would be making sound decisions regarding waste management since they are likely to be more exposed to different health-related information. The income distribution revealed that the household head earned an average income of N109, 211.00. It was also revealed that the respondents earned a minimum of N10, 000.00 and a maximum of N3, 500,000.00. The result revealed that the majority of the household heads earned more than the N33,000.00 monthly minimum wage approved by the Federal Government of Nigeria, which indicates that they are average-income earners and will consequently enable the household heads to make rational decisions on their choice of waste management. It was revealed that about 52.6% and 35.9% of the respondents in Lagos and Ogun States, respectively, who are below the poverty line, used PSP, while about 28.9% and 34.1% of those who are non-poor or above the poverty line used the PSP. Years spent in schools, waste disposal cost, and disposal frequency were the major factors influencing households' choice of waste management strategies in south-west Nigeria. This policy should promote new healthy waste disposal methods like PSP, which the poor can afford, while phasing out the old and unhealthy methods like open dumping and burning, which still predominates in the study area and most parts of the developing countries.

Constraints to Livestock Production among Rural Households in Southwest Nigeria

The potential of livestock production as a veritable means of livelihood especially in rural areas is constrained by the array of challenges. This study ascertained constraints limiting livestock production potentials among rural households in southwest Nigeria. Simple random sampling was used to select 131 and 116 rural households from Ondo and Osun, respectively. Data were analysed using mean, percentages, Pearson product-moment correlation and t-test. Respondents reared goats and sheep, poultry, and pig purposely for household use (91.9%) and sales (85.0%). Management system mostly practised was semi-intensive (71.7%). Radio ranked highest among information sources. Inadequate capital ( =2.01) limits goat/sheep production, poultry production was constrained by predators ( =1.98), while the high cost of livestock input ( =1.93) limits pig production. Poultry production constraints were significantly higher in Ondo (26.77±9.11) relative to Osun (22.72±11.38). Information sources significantly influenced constraints on livestock production (r=0.309). Household size (r=0.170) and years of experience (r=0.179) significantly relate to constraints to livestock production. The study recommends community and rural banking to facilitate easy access to loans and credit facilities; improved veterinary services and an increase in livestock extension personnel.

The pattern of healthy diets and zero hunger among households in South-West Nigeria: application of linear approximation to quadratic almost ideal demand system.

Malnutrition and food insecurity remain a significant public health challenge globally, affecting millions of people, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. In Nigeria, the prevalence of malnutrition and food insecurity is high, with a significant burden in the South-West region. Despite several interventions aimed at promoting healthy diets and reducing food insecurity, little is known about the pattern of healthy diets and zero hunger among households, as well as the budget shares on the food items driving these outcomes. Therefore, this study analyzes the pattern of healthy diets and zero hunger among households in South-West Nigeria, using the primary data elicited from 600 rice-consuming households, drawn through a multistage random sampling technique. Descriptive statistics and Linear Approximation to Quadratic Almost Ideal Demand System (LA-QUAIDS) model were used to analyze the dataset. The estimated LA-QUAIDS model was helpful to decipher the relationships that may not be possible to discover using a single-equation model. The finding of this study revealed that rice, especially local (Ofada) rice, is the most consumed food item among the households in the study area with a monthly budget share of 0.195. This is an indication that households spend approximately 19.5% of their monthly food expenditure share on rice consumption. The results also indicated that yam flour (-0.10), cassava-gari (-2.12), and meat (-0.03) are net complements to rice, while the rest of the food items are regarded as net substitutes. The estimated compensated (-1.64) and uncompensated (-1.69) own-price elasticities of local rice, respectively, indicate that local rice variety is price inelastic, and the estimated expenditure elasticity (0.02) suggests that local rice is not a luxury food in the household food basket but a necessity. This study affirms the importance of locally produced foods, especially local rice to the households in the study area. In light of the findings, this study recommends adequate policy aimed at reducing the cost of local food production by boosting domestic production. Apparently, this will technically trigger market price adjustment, as shown in this study, where local rice was estimated to be own-price elastic in nature.

EFFECT OF LIVELIHOOD DIVERSIFICATION ON THE POVERTY LEVELS OF RURAL FARMING HOUSEHOLDS IN SOUTHWEST NIGERIA

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of livelihood diversification on the poverty levels of rural farming households in Southwest Nigeria. A multistage sampling technique was employed to select a total of 300 respondents in the study area. Primary data were collected on rural farming household’s socio-economic characteristics, indicators of poverty such as food and non-food expenditure with the aid of a well-structured questionnaire. Data obtained were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Foster Greer and Thorbecke model, and Tobit regression. Tobit regression estimates revealed that sex of the household heads, marital status, years of formal education, household size, farm size, farming experience, dependent ratio and household assets and livelihood diversification affects the poverty levels of farming households. Hence, livelihood diversification opportunities should be strengthened by exposing farming households to training on what they can venture into to boost their income.

Evaluation of economic implications of forest products utilization on rural households in south west Nigeria

The main objective focused on the economic implications of forest products utilization on respondents. Sampling technique adopted was multi-stage sampling. Well-structured questionnaires were adopted for data collection and data analysis was done using chi-square test and descriptive statistics. Most respondents were aged and aware about forest product utilization activities in the studied area. Forest were […]

Adaptive capacity to climate change and food security among farm households in Southwest Nigeria

Smallholder farming households represent one of groups most exposed to the vagaries of climate change because their production and livelihood depend on climatic elements. This study assessed the effect of climate change adaptive capacity on smallholder farming households' food security in Oyo State, Nigeria. Data from 246 farming households were analysed using factor analysis to generate the Climate Change Adaptive Capacity Index (CCACI), Foster-Greer-Thorbecke Indices and Logit Regression. The most adopted adaptation strategies were intercropping, fallowing, fertilizer application, and crop rotation. Most of the households had moderate or high adaptive capacity to climate change. Econometric results show that farm households with low climate change adaptive capacity have a greater likelihood of being food insecure relative to farm households with moderate and high climate change adaptive capacity. These findings emphasize the need to enhance smallholder farmers' capacity to mitigate the adverse effect of climate change on national food security.

GOVERNMENT AGRICULTURAL LAND ACQUISITION AND RURAL FARMING HOUSEHOLDS’ LIVELIHOOD IN SOUTH WEST NIGERIA

The Nigeria Land Use Act of 1978 placed statutory ownership of land into the State governors’ hands for public interest, and since then, the objectives of this act are yet to be met after 43 years of its enactment. Rural farming households in South West Nigeria has over the years experienced a forceful dispossession of their parcel of land by the State government and the conflicts arising from this take-over have remained largely unresolved both by lawful and peaceful means. The study examined the guiding principles of government agricultural land acquisition and rural farming households’ livelihood in South West Nigeria. The study used primary data sourced from 480 displaced rural farming households whose land has being acquired by government. The respondents were selected using two-stage sampling techniques. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and the Likert five points scale was used to measures attitudes. The results revealed that the displacement of rural farming households pushed many of the farmers to engaged in other jobs rather than relying only on farming activities. Likewise, there was a notable difference between the income earned by the farmers before and after forceful dispossession. The Likert five points scale revealed that the comprehensive approach to the acquisition and allocation of land and a robust and inclusive engagement strategy with all stakeholders, including affected communities and vulnerable groups was not effective in South West, Nigeria. This was reinforced by the finding that majority (75%) of the respondents reported a substantial knowledge gap and lack of awareness about policy frameworks and procedures associated with government agricultural land acquisition. The study recommended that State government should embrace comprehensive approach to the acquisition and allocation of land as stipulated by Committee on World Food Security-Responsible Agricultural Investment (CFS-RAI) and payment of fair compensation to the affected families whose land has been acquired by government.

Analysis of Factors Influencing Household Preference Level for Seafood in Southwest Nigeria

Seafood is known worldwide as a very important component of human diet because of its high nutritive value and significance in improving human health. The study examines the factors influencing households’ preference level for seafood and determines the factors inducing the choice of seafood consumption by households in Southwest Nigeria. Multi-stage sampling technique was used to select 300 households in Oyo and Lagos States, Southwest Nigeria. Ordered probit regression model was used to examine the factors influencing household preference level for seafood and multinomial logistic model was used to determine the factors inducing the choice of seafood consumed by the households in the study area. The ordered probit model estimation results revealed that access to seafood within 1km – 4km was significant at 5% and positively relates to household preference for seafood. Increase in income of the household will increase the likelihood of having high preference for seafood (14.39%) by the respondents in the study area. Multinomial logistic model results revealed that the education level of the respondents influenced the choice of croaker fish by 12.01% relative to shrimp in the study area. Therefore, the study recommends that seafood marketers should ensure a good distribution network that will enhance its accessibility within one and four kilometers in the study area.

Climate change adaptation strategies by smallholder farmers in Nigeria: does non-farm employment play any role?

Non-farm employment in agrarian communities in developing countries has received a lot of attention. However, its role in implementing climate change adaptation strategies is rarely discussed. This study employs a cross-sectional data to examine whether rural households in Southwest Nigeria are increasing the extent of climate change adaptation practices through their participation in non-farm employment. To account for selectivity bias, the study used endogenous treatment effect for count data model (precisely Poisson) augmented with the inverse probability-weighted-regression-adjustment (IPWRA) estimator. Both estimators found that rural non-farm jobs increase smallholder farmers' adaptive capacities and that participants would have used less adaptation techniques if they had not participated in non-farm work. Efforts to boost rural development must provide more employment opportunities for farmers, particularly during the off-cropping time. This will help farmers improve their ability to adopt more climate change adaptation strategies and, consequently increase farm productivity.

Youth Violence among Households in Southwest Nigeria: The Impact of Family Background

Youth violence represents a complete interplay of negative sociocultural and socioeconomic factors; having its burden approaching a pandemic level worldwide. It is not only interesting but also pathetic to know that adolescents, who are the building blocks of any nation, are strictly affected. The study aimed at determining the influence of family background on youth violence in the environment of study. It was a mixed-method study realized through a questionnaire-based survey and in-depth interviews of members of households in Ado-Ekiti Local Government Area of Ekiti State; conducted over a 6-week period. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23 and thematic content analysis were used to analyse the quantitative and qualitative data respectively. The leading family influences cited by the respondents to be responsible for youth violence were lack of parental care or support, 191(47.8%); imitating bad behaviour of parents, 173(43.3%); and negative media influence 168(42.%). The family factor cited to be the least cause of youth violence was poor academic standard of parents, 56(14%). The study revealed that poor parental care with bad parents' behaviour is a key determinant of youth violence. Advocacy should be geared toward the need for parents not only to give children more attention in all ramifications in the course of upbringing but also making themselves a good behavioural template.

Food insecurity status of the working poor households in south west Nigeria

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the factors influencing the food insecurity status of the working poor households in south west Nigeria.Design/methodology/approachInternational Labour Organisation poverty line, Household Food Insecurity Access Scale as well as the Ordered Logit model were used to identify the factors influencing the food insecurity status of the working poor households in south west Nigeria.FindingsThe study revealed that more than half of the respondents were working poor households, with more than four-fifths of them being food insecure. Income irregularity, savings and level of education had major roles to play in the food insecurity status of working poor households.Social implicationsEmployment has always been considered as a route out of poverty and food insecurity. However, the intensity of poverty among working households should be considered in the design and development of policy and programmes, targeted towards workers. Laws should protect the right of workers against non-payment of salaries, advantages of family planning should be emphasised, social security allowance should be provided to serve as an alternative source of income during emergencies and more investment made in education.Originality/valueThis paper attempts to bridge the knowledge gap in the empirical link between employment, poverty and food insecurity. Particularly, its application to the working households.Peer reviewThe peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/IJSE-09-2019-0589

Divergent Cooperative Memberships. Exploring the Determinants. A Case Study of Poultry Farming Households in Southwest Nigeria

This study examines the determinants of differential cooperative membership among poultry farming households in Oyo State. A multistage sampling technique was employed to randomly select 210 poultry farmers; 101 Cooperators and 109 Non-cooperators, using well-structured questionnaires. Descriptive statistics, T-test, Variance inflation factor, and stepwise multivariate regression are employed in data analysis. The study reveals that an ample proportion of the farmers are still within their productive age. Also, Farmers age, credit access, output level, and household non-food expenditure positively determines cooperative membership but negatively determined by paid labour, and marriage. Regarding differential cooperative memberships; formal education, age, and farm expenditure positively influences multipurpose cooperative membership but negatively influenced by gender and output level. Primary occupation, food expenditure, and paid labour, positively determined producer cooperative membership but negatively determined by farm expenditure, formal education, age, and household size while, primary occupation, and non-food expenditure positively determines marketing cooperative membership but negatively determined by paid labour, and farm expenditure. Farmers age, primary occupation, Non-food, and farming expenditure negatively determines consumer cooperative membership but positively determined by household size. Finding based policy options are inferred.

Effect of households’ dietary knowledge on local (ofada) rice consumption in southwest Nigeria

An understanding of dietary knowledge will most likely inform the consumption of healthy foods. Studies have shown that local (ofada) rice is superior to other rice brands in terms of protein and minerals crucial for overall mental and physical well-being. This study, therefore, examined the effect of households’ dietary knowledge on the consumption of local (ofada) rice, using a simultaneous equation system that accommodates censored dependent variable and continuous endogenous dietary knowledge. The study used survey data from 600 rice consumers’ households in southwest Nigeria and hypothesized that dietary knowledge affects the consumption of local (ofada) rice. The results revealed that dietary knowledge is significantly influenced by factors such as being a household meal planner and presence of household member(s) on a special diet. Dietary knowledge, as hypothesized, was found to positively influence the consumption of local (ofada) rice, as were some sociodemographic variables. The study recommends that effective dietary education about health and other benefits of consuming local (ofada) rice should be developed to promote its consumption in Nigerians’ diets.

Effects of the reward of internal migration on poverty status of rural households left behind in Ogun and Osun States, Nigeria

Abstract In this study we analysed the effect of the reward of internal migration on the poverty status of rural households in South-West Nigeria. The types and channels of internal remittances received by rural households as well as the poverty profile and effect of internal remittances on the poverty status of rural households in South-West, Nigeria were assessed. Structured questionnaire was used to obtain primary data from respondents. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, Multidimensional Poverty Index and Binary Logit regression. Findings revealed that 56.2% of the household heads were male, 67.4% were married, 42.3% had primary education and 58.3% received internal remittances through personal delivery (69%) with a mean age and household size of 55 years and 5 persons, respectively. However, based on Multidimensional Poverty Index benchmark of 0.333, 80.0% of the rural households were poor with a poverty intensity of 0.863. Binary Logit showed that age squared, remittance receipt, rearing of small livestock and farm size increased households’ likelihood of escaping poverty. In conclusion, internal remittances reduced poverty of rural households in the study area and as such continuous flow of remittances into rural households should be enhanced in order to facilitate improved standard of living.

Comparative Analysis of Determinants of Household Poverty among Rural Farming Households in Southwest Nigeria

Comparative Analysis of Determinants of Household Poverty among Rural Farming Households in Southwest Nigeria

Determinants of Cost of Treating Water-Borne Diseases Among Rural Households in South West Nigeria

Determinants of Cost of Treating Water-Borne Diseases Among Rural Households in South West Nigeria

Economic burden and psycho-social implications of Non- Communicable Diseases on adults and their households in South-west Nigeria

Background: Non-communicable diseases (NCDs), are associated with significant economic and psycho-social burden on sufferers. Objective: To compare the economic burden of disease management on adults with NCDs and control subjects in Ogbomoso, Nigeria. Method: A total of 322 participants consisting of 165 adults with at least one of two NCDs - hypertension and diabetes mellitus- and 157 controls (without NCDs) were recruited by stratified random sampling method. The participants were evaluated for the economic burden and psycho-social implications of NCDs on them and on their households. Results: The presence of NCDs was associated with significantly higher psycho-social implication on the subjects including poorer patient-reported personal health assessment, higher frequency of hospital visits and longer average total hours of hospital visits compared to the controls. A significant proportion of subjects with NCDs depended on family supports for their hospital bills (32.7% vs. 7.6%). The total average monthly health expenditure among subjects with NCDs was significantly higher. Catastrophic health expenditure was found in 12.1% of subjects with NCDs who indicated their hospital bills were far higher than their total monthly wages. Conclusion: The management of NCDs is associated with significantly higher psycho-social and economic impact on affected individuals. There is a need for appropriate health insurance scheme and health system financing programs to reduce economic and psycho-social burdens, minimise long-term complications and improve quality of life.

Economic impacts of fertilizer micro-dosing in the production of underutilized indigenous vegetables in south west Nigeria: an ex-ante approach

Optimum application of fertilizers to address low productivity of soils and reduce the quantity and the cost of fertilizer incurred by farmers is a major concern in enhancing the yield of underutilized indigenous vegetables (UIVs). This study analyzed the potential economic potential benefits of adoption of fertilizer micro-dosing by resource poor farming households in southwest Nigeria using primary and secondary data from baseline survey of farmers, consumers and scientists involved in UIV production in the study area. Using economic surplus model, the size and distribution of potential economic benefits of the innovation were determined quantitatively as producer and consumer surplus in a partial equilibrium framework. Both net returns and sensitivity analyses were also conducted to assess the stability of the results. Investment in the innovation in production of the UIVs is economically viable with 32-50% returns achieved at expected adoption rate of 25%. Sensitivity analysis shows that the results were robust to changes in basic parameters. Farmers and consumers of UIVs benefit from the innovation due to the reduction in the cost of fertilizer used as well as price of UIVs, respectively. The findings support the sustainability of investment in fertilizer micro-dosing in producing UIVs.

Multidimensional Poverty among Households in Southwest Nigeria

Money metrics have been adopted in studies of household poverty in Nigeria while few have considered alternative methods. This study analysed poverty among households in southwest Nigeria adopting a “Multidimensional Approach”. This is necessary for robust and effective policy. Data were collected from 355 randomly selected households. Alkire-Foster’s methodology was used to assess households’ poverty and this was further decomposed. The majority of the households lacked improved toilet facilities, sanitation, improved drinking water, nearness to healthcare centres and primary schools, while most households engaged in self-medication. About 7.9 percent were deprived in all the eleven indicators considered. The Multidimensional Headcount Ratio (H) when cut-off (k) was set at 1/3 revealed that 69% of the households were poor and its Intensity (A) was 65% while the Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI), which is the Adjusted Head Count Ratio (M0) revealed that an average household in the area was deprived of 45% of the total potential deprivations it could experience. Decomposition by socioeconomic characteristics revealed that the poverty rate was higher among female-headed households. The same applied to households headed by divorced individuals, younger persons, farmers, less educated individuals and larger households. When k=2/3, 44.2 percent of the households were classified as poor with an “A” value of 0.416 and the MPI being 0.184. At k=1 the percentage of poor households reduced significantly to 7.9 percent with an intensity value of 0.074 and MPI of 0.006. It is recommended that government should improve access to education, health care and enforce various sanitation laws to improve households’ hygiene. Policies should also be geared towards empowering households in order to escape poverty.

Assessment of Crop Commercialisation among Smallholder Farming Households in Southwest Nigeria

Assessment of Crop Commercialisation among Smallholder Farming Households in Southwest Nigeria