Household Carbon Research Articles

Who emits more emission? the association between CO2 emissions and socio-economics characteristics of Indonesian household

Much research has been done on identifying socio-economic household links in developed countries. However, the study of household carbon emission (HCE) levels and related variables still needs to be examined, especially in developing countries. The study uses an ordinary least squares model to pinpoint the socio-economic elements that affect a household's carbon emission levels. SUSENAS (National Socio-economic Survey) data from March 2019 and 2021, covering 655,694 households, were used. This study used ordinary least squares (OLS) for the regression and dominance analyses (DA) to determine the most crucial factors affecting the HCE. The household characteristics, individuals, and residential conditions are used to measure socio-economic situations. The DA analysis shows that income and household size are the most crucial determinants of HCE. The OLS analysis reveals that the income variable exhibits a non-linear relationship with HCE as an inverted U-shape in the total HCE and most consumption categories. Wealthier households generate higher levels of household carbon emissions than poorer households. The variable of household size demonstrates a positive relationship with the HCE. The composition of household members also significantly affects household carbon emission levels, where the presence of working members and toddlers tends to increase household carbon emissions. The research also finds differences in consumption patterns between urban and rural households, resulting in varying levels of carbon emissions. The findings of this study can assist policymakers in formulating targeted policies to reduce household carbon emissions.

The effect of the elderly and child care on household carbon emissions

The aim of this work is to investigate the different implications in terms of the elderly and child care on household carbon emissions in China. We estimate the effect of family structure on household carbon emissions in the 2018 China Family Panel Studies (CFPS), by means of the STIRPAT model. The results indicate that significant differences exist between the effect of the elderly and child care on each household's carbon emissions. Moreover, there is a negative effect between the elderly and household carbon emissions with an elasticity coefficient of −0.029, and a positive effect between children and household carbon emissions with an elasticity coefficient of 0.008. Interestingly, the elderly and children have an interactive effect on carbon emissions except for housing carbon emissions. To be specific, the elderly and child care have a mutual inhibition effect on the health carbon emissions of household, whereas they have a mutually reinforcing effect on other carbon emissions. Low carbon emissions paths in household should be urgently explored, and deliberate policy action is required to achieve carbon emissions reduction.

Socioeconomics determinants of household carbon footprint in Iskandar Malaysia

Understanding the complex links between socioeconomic variables and carbon emissions can reveal household spending and lifestyle patterns. This study oversees those issues and examines consumption patterns and their related variables such as climate change understanding, attitudes, and knowledge, in order to better comprehend the complicated linkages. This study revealed that eight socioeconomic elements influence a household's carbon footprint: (i) household income (β = 0.476, p < 0.05), (ii) green attitudes (β = −0.196, p < 0.05), (iii) residential space (β = 0.157, p < 0.05), (iv), education levels (β = 0.131, p < 0.05), (v) household's tenure status by ownership (β = 0.130, p < 0.05), (vi) household's age (β = 0.112, p < 0.05), (vii) size of household (β = 0.101, p < 0.05), and, (viii) female-headed household (β = −0.077, p < 0.05). Approximately 83.6% of respondents are mindful of climate change, but only 2.6% correctly define it as a long-term shift in weather patterns. The study found that 82% of households are willing to change their consumption habits and lifestyle to reduce their household's carbon footprint. In order to achieve a low carbon society, our research advocate a multipronged approach and policy action is crucial based on the results. Further, robust climate change educational and awareness programmes is decisive at the multilevel and scale in Malaysia to achieve its carbon emissions reduction target by 2050.

Spatial Variation in Household Energy Consumption and Carbon Emissions in Megacities, a Case Study of Guangzhou, China

Spatial Variation in Household Energy Consumption and Carbon Emissions in Megacities, a Case Study of Guangzhou, China

Magnitudes of households’ carbon footprint in Iskandar Malaysia: Policy implications for sustainable development

The carbon footprint of households is a significant contribution to global greenhouse gas emissions, accounting for 24% of total emissions. As a result, it is critical to quantify a household's carbon footprint in order to reduce it over time. One of the best ways to measure carbon emitted from various sectors of the economy, including household daily activities, is to calculate a country's carbon footprint (CF). This study statistically examined the magnitude of households' carbon footprints and their relationships with household daily activities and certain socio-economic demographic variables in Malaysia. Results revealed that the average household carbon footprint amounted to 11.76 t-CO2. The average also showed that the primary carbon footprint, 7.02 t-CO2 or 59.69% was higher compared to the secondary carbon footprint which was 4.73 t- CO2 or 40.22% and assessment revealed significant differences among household types. The largest carbon footprint was evident in a medium-high cost urban area, estimated at 20.14 t-CO2, while the carbon footprint found in a rural area was 9.58 t-CO2. In the latter, the primary carbon footprint was almost double the figure of 5.84 t-CO2 (61%) than the secondary carbon footprint of 3.73 t-CO2 (39%). The study reveals a higher carbon footprint in urban areas compared to rural ones depicting the effects of urbanisation and urban sprawl on household lifestyles and carbon footprints. Despite some limitations, the findings of this study will help policymakers design and implement stronger policies that enforce low-carbon activities and energy-saving goods and services in order to reduce urban Malaysia's carbon footprint dramatically.

Household carbon and energy inequality in Latin American and Caribbean countries

Reducing inequality, eradicating poverty and achieving a carbon-neutral society are recognized as important components of the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals. In this study, we focus on carbon and energy inequality between and within ten Latin American and Caribbean (LAC) countries. Detailed carbon and energy footprint were estimated by combining the consumption profiles (2014) in ten LAC countries with environmental extended multi-regional input-output (MRIO) analysis. Our results show significant inequality of regional total and per capita carbon and energy footprint across the studied LAC countries in 2014. The top 10% income category was responsible for 29.1% and 26.3% of the regional total carbon and energy footprint, and their per capita carbon and energy footprint were 12.2 and 7.5 times of the bottom 10% earners in that region. The average carbon footprint of studied LAC countries varied between 0.53 and 2.21 t CO2e/cap (ton of CO2 equivalent, per capita), and the energy footprint ranged from 0.38 to 1.76 t SOE/cap (ton of Standard Oil Equivalent, per capita). The huge difference in total and per capita carbon emissions and energy consumption of different income groups suggests notable differences in climate change responsibility, and supports policies for achieving sustainable consumption in terms of carbon tax, renewable energy subsidy, and decarbonizing the consumption structure in different LAC countries.

Investigating the greenhouse gas emissions of grass-fed beef relative to other greenhouse gas abatement strategies

Beef is often identified as one of the foods with the largest greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, causing climate-conscious persons to seek changes in their diets. This study evaluated the ability of a household to reduce its GHG emissions by replacing conventional US beef with grass-fed beef and compared its effectiveness to three other strategies: replacing beef with chicken, becoming a vegetarian, and purchasing carbon offsets. These potential GHG-reducing strategies were considered within a model of a typical US household, using a framework that accounts for all household expenditures and carbon emissions. Replacing beef with chicken and adopting vegetarianism reduced the household’s GHG emissions by 1% and 3%, respectively. Grass-fed beef only reduced emissions if the GHG sequestration rate for pastureland and/or the price of grass-fed beef was high. It is shown that persons paying higher prices for grass-fed beef with the goal of smaller GHG emissions might want to consider buying conventional beef instead and using the savings to purchase carbon offsets. Also, although vegetarianism is often touted as a climate-friendly diet, the model shows that meat-eaters can achieve the same GHG reduction by spending only US$19 per year on carbon offsets. These results assume that additional land for grazing is acquired from recently abandoned cropland, which gives grass-fed beef its best chance at being climate-friendly. Alternative land-use assumptions would only reinforce the result that grass-fed beef does not emit less GHG emissions than conventional beef.

Estimation of Carbon Emissions of Domestic Energy Usage by Chinese Residents Based on Input - Output Method

This paper will be based on the existing literature and research methods, with the 1980 to 2014 China’s residential carbon emissions estimates. This paper mainly examines the changes in total residential carbon emissions and per capita carbon emissions, energy consumption per unit of household energy consumption, carbon emissions and energy composition of the above-mentioned analysis of urban and rural compared with the international comparison.

Assessing the Inequality of Spanish Households through the Carbon Footprint: The 21st Century Great Recession Effect

SummaryInequality has recently become a major concern in economics. Leaving aside its social and economic effects is also possible to trace its environmental consequences, which this article attempts to assess. The indicator to be measured is the household's carbon footprint (CF) for different social groups. The deep economic crisis in the Spanish economy between 2008 and 2013 has increased consumption inequality and doubled the number of households below the poverty line. When focusing on domestic consumption, we found that the shopping basket of all income groups has very similar emissions intensities; therefore, the differences among the household CFs depend mainly on the scale effect (i.e., the size of consumption). However, when international trade is also considered, we found that the emission intensity of imports is bigger than the intensity of all the respective domestic goods. Therefore, the share of imported goods and services by social class will be an important determinant of the respective total CF. Before the crisis, households with higher incomes imported 30% of their total consumption items whereas households with lower income imported only 20% of their consumption. During the crisis, the imports of medium‐high‐income households fell to 20%, whereas low‐ and middle‐income families maintained the same import share, which contributed to the reduction of the total household CF.

基于LMDI分解的厦门市碳排放强度影响因素分析

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 基于LMDI分解的厦门市碳排放强度影响因素分析 DOI: 10.5846/stxb201304020585 作者: 作者单位: 中国科学院城市环境与健康重点实验室,中国科学院城市环境研究所,水利部珠江水利委员会,中国科学院城市环境与健康重点实验室,中国科学院城市环境研究所,中国科学院研究生院;中国科学院城市环境与健康重点实验室,中国科学院城市环境研究所,赤峰学院，资源与环境科学学院 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目（71003090和71273252）；福建省自然科学基金资助项目（2012J01306） Factor decomposition of carbon intensity in Xiamen City based on LMDI method Author: Affiliation: Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences,,Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences,, Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:研究碳排放强度的变化趋势及其影响因素对于指导低碳城市建设具有重要意义。应用对数平均权重分解法（LMDI），基于厦门市2005-2010年各部门终端消费数据对碳排放强度指标进行因素分解，并将传统分析仅注重产业部门的能源碳排放，拓展到全面考虑产业部门和家庭消费的能源活动和非能源活动影响。研究结果表明：2005-2010年厦门市碳排放强度下降17.29%，其中产业部门能源强度对总碳排放强度变化影响最大（贡献63.07%），家庭消费能源强度是碳排放强度下降的主要抑制因素（-45.46%）。从影响效应角度看，经济效率对碳排放强度下降贡献最大，碳排系数减排贡献最小；从部门减排贡献角度看，第二产业贡献最大，家庭消费贡献最小。总体而言，厦门市未来碳减排重点部门在第二产业，优化产业结构和能源结构有较大减排潜力。 Abstract:It is of great significance for guiding the low-carbon city development to explore the trends and influencing factors of carbon intensity. Most traditional decomposition studies only focused on the energy carbon emissions from industrial sectors. This paper extended the application of the Logarithmic Mean weight Divisia Index (LMDI) method to a full consideration of the industrial and household sectors, as well as their energy and non-energy activities. Taking Xiamen City as a study case, the carbon emissions was calculated by IPCC's methods based on the end-use consumption data of the industrial and household sectors from 2005 to 2010. Then the aggregated carbon intensity was decomposed by LMDI method into ten driving factors, which covering energy and non-energy related emissions from industrial and household sectors. The ten driving factors were further categorized into four groups: carbon emission efficiency effect (including efficiency factors of energy related industrial carbon emissions, energy related household carbon emission, non-energy related industrial carbon intensity, and non-energy related household carbon intensity), energy intensity effect (including industrial energy intensity factor and that of household), industry structure effect (energy related industrial structure factor and non-energy one) and economic efficiency effect (energy related economic efficiency factor and non-energy one). Results showed that carbon intensity of Xiamen City decreased by 17.29% from 2005 to 2010. From perspective of driving factors, the energy intensity of industrial sector had the greatest effect on carbon intensity reduction (a contribution rate of 63.07%), and the energy intensity of household sector was the largest hinder of carbon intensity reduction (-45.46%). So energy intensity had significant impact on carbon intensity reduction for Xiamen City. Except for reducing the energy intensity of industrial sectors, it is also very important to control the growth of household's energy intensity at the same time. From the effect perspective, the economic efficiency effect became the dominant driver of carbon intensity reduction, followed by energy intensity effect and industry structure effect, and carbon emission efficiency effect contributed the less. The economic efficiency contributed 50.85% of total carbon intensity reduction, which greatly promoted household's carbon intensity reduction. Although industrial structure adjustment had relatively small effects at the study periods, the industry structure in which secondary industry has large proportion is anticipated to have large reduction potentials in the future. The carbon emission efficiency effect was chiefly determined by energy structure, and the current carbon-intensive energy structure also has large reduction potentials. From the sector perspective, the contribution of the secondary industry was the largest (contributing 67.04%), sequentially followed by the primary industry, the tertiary industry, and the household sector. The carbon intensity reduction by secondary and tertiary industries mainly lied in energy related carbon emissions; whereas the carbon intensity reduction by the primary industry and household sectors mainly relied on non-energy emissions. Thus the non-energy related carbon emissions were an non-negligible part while analyzing carbon intensity reduction. Even though energy efficiency of household sector was the biggest disincentive to reduce carbon intensity, household sector had the less contribution on carbon intensity reduction due to other factors' offset effect. Furthermore, the key sector for future carbon reduction lies on the secondary industry. However, the primary Industry and household sector has limited reduction potential. Overall, optimizing industry structure and energy structure have large reduction potential, and secondary industry has largest reduction potentials. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

The bare necessities: How much household carbon do we really need?

The consumption patterns of Western nations are generally deemed to be unsustainable. Yet there is little attempt to restrain either material throughput or income growth. Nonetheless, in the face of the need to make ‘deep’ cuts in carbon emissions (for instance), consumption restraint may be a perfectly legitimate response. This paper explores the potential for a Reduced Consumption Scenario in the UK constructed by assuming that households achieve a specific ‘minimum income standard’ which is deemed to provide a decent life for each household type. The minimum income standards are taken from a recent study for the Joseph Rowntree Foundation and include not only subsistence commodities such as food, warmth and shelter but also the means to participate effectively in society. The Joseph Rowntree Foundation study produced detailed household expenditure budgets for these income standards. The paper uses an environmentally extended Quasi-Multi-Regional Input–Output model to estimate the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions required in the production and distribution of all goods and services purchased according to these budgets. Our results show that average household GHG emissions in the UK would be around 37% lower in the Reduced Consumption Scenario than they are currently. We explore several implications of these findings including: the need to change social norms around consumption, the need for investment to improve the thermal performance of homes and the need to develop new transport infrastructures. We also address the potential to reduce emissions below the level achieved in this Scenario and discuss the implications for policy.

Thermal Performance of Wood-Particles on a Household Stove

Over-harvesting of woodfuel and the environmental impact associated with the use of woodfuel have become the major problem for the Department of Energy. The problem becomes critical especially when woodfuel is viewed as the major energy source for rural communities and low-income households in cities and towns. In many cases low-income households use woodfuel in open fires which compromises the efficiency with which woodfuel is used. This paper describes an experimental study aimed at determining thermal performance of a household fuelwood stove before and after some modifications were made on the existing cooker stove. Generally, the results revealed that internal lining of household stove with 25 mm thick refractory material improved the burnout time and yields relatively high fuel bed temperatures. It was concluded that if the combustion conditions such as burnout time are improved for the modified stove, household stove similar to the current test rig would reduce the fuelwood consumption rate reported in section 1. Key words: Household stove, Fuelwood, and Carbon monoxide Eastern African Journal of Rural Development Vol.20(1) 2004: 72-80