Household Gloves Research Articles

Design and development of an automated glove inspection machine

Gloves are commonly used as personal protective equipment (PPE) to protect humans from contact of contamination of chemical substances and infection of disease such as Covid-19. The gloves markets including household gloves upsurged exponentially during the Covid-19 outbreak as the concern and awareness of safety and hygiene rises in the community. Hence, to ensure the safety and reliability of the product, quality control of the gloves must be efficient and accurate. However, most of the household glove manufacturers are still using manual visual inspection for quality control, which is unreliable and expensive as cost of labor are gradually increasing too. Therefore, the aim of the project is to develop an automated machine that can inspect varied sizes of household gloves and segregate the defective with non-defective gloves. With the implementation of automated glove inspection machine, the efficiency and return-of-investment for the glove inspection process can be increased. Throughout the project, the 3D model of the inspection device was developed and fabricated using 3D printing technology. Automated system of glove inspection and segregation was implemented on the inspection device. Then, the inspection device was tested on industrial defective gloves and self-made defective gloves with different diameters of pinholes. Results show that the inspection device was able to segregate all defective gloves from the non-defective gloves. The inspection device was duplicated with four more sets and mounted onto the rotating platform to complete the automated glove inspection machine. The final automated glove inspection machine can inspect and segregate five household gloves consecutively on each cycle to increase the efficiency and ROI of the quality control.

COMPARATIVE STUDY OF RUBBER HOUSEHOLD GLOVES STANDARD

<p>Rubber gloves are widely used for hand protection in medical, food industries, and household purposes. The Indonesian national standard (SNI) that regulates quality specifications of these products is SNI 06-1301-1989, while for international standard is ISO 20057:2017. This study aimed to assess whether or not the SNI 06-1301-1989 needs to be updated referred to ISO 20057:2017 using comparative analysis. Eight samples of rubber household gloves have tested using ISO 20057:2017 as guidance. The result treated using descriptive analysis method then SNI 06-1301-1989 and ISO 20057:2017 were being compared. The result showed that only 4 samples namely G1, G2, G3, and G8 fulfilled requirements. Based on the result, several update were recommended for SNI 06-1301-1989 following ISO 20057:2017. Specifications such as letter and number size code and whether the gloves are ambidextrous or hand specific should be on the package. A uniform finish, free from discoloration appearance also width, length and thickness dimension and pH test needs to follows ISO 20057:2017 since latex allergen is can be found. Physic test i.e. tensile strength and elongation at break at standard laboratory temperatures and humidity and tensile strength after ageing should be kept as well as liquid for immersion test while tear strength and permanent set at 200% was unnecessary.</p>

Research to Develop International Standards for Rubber Household Glove and Rubber Thread

The international standards for rubber household glove and rubber thread were firstly initiated as New Work Item Proposal (NWIP) standard drafts. In order to obtain the ISO international standard, several levels of the standard drafts (NWIP, CD, DIS and FDIS) have to be achieved accordingly. To develop the standard drafts, the existing national standards ((TIS 2476-2552 for rubber household glove specification and TIS 2556-2554 for rubber thread specification) and information gathering from the meetings among the involved parties, e.g., producers, users and academic experts, visiting the companies, and product sampling test results were analyzed and standard drafts were prepared. For each level of the standard drafts, the drafts were submitted to the ISO representative for circulation to the authorized ISO members for comment and voting. Then, in the ISO meeting all comments were answered, rebutted and discussed. After the discussion in the ISO meeting, the conclusion related to the standard draft was given. The international standards for rubber household gloves (ISO 20057 Rubber household gloves – General requirements and test methods) and rubber thread (ISO 20058 General purpose rubber thread – Specification) have been published and used since 2017.

Presumptive frequency of, and review of reports on, allergies to household gloves

Allergies to latex or 'rubber chemicals' in medical or other occupationally used gloves are not uncommon. In contrast, very few articles have reported on latex allergy (type I) or allergic contact sensitization to additives (type IV) associated with household gloves, in spite of some 44 million pairs sold in Germany in, e.g., 2006. We seek to determine the frequency of allergies to household gloves by providing own data and we reviewed the literature. The study was based on 105083 consultations of patients with suspected contact allergy (Type IV) in the Information Network of Departments of Dermatology (IVDK) in Germany in the years 1995 to 2006 and on the PubMed databases (last access 7/2008). 1221 patients were identified in whom protective gloves were considered as a possible cause of contact dermatitis and who did not work in occupations associated with above average risk of contact allergy to rubber chemicals. In 178 cases positive reactions to rubber components were reported, while 13 additional cases reacted only to a previously used rubber glove brand, but not to commercial allergens. In the literature only two publications on type I and two on type IV reactions were found in which allergies to rubber household gloves were explicitly reported. Allergies to rubber household gloves seem to be rare. Factors presumably counteracting contact sensitization by household gloves, compared to occupational use, comprise short intermediate use, loose fitting and the incorporation of e.g. an inner cotton surface reducing skin contact with rubber chemicals.

Latex proteins as the trigger of respiratory and systemic allergies

56 patients (52 members of the hospital's staff, four with other employment) who had hypersensitivity reactions to latex articles and developed an immediate-type response to latex extract with the skin-prick test were studied. Specific IgE antibodies were present in the enzyme-allergo-sorbent test of 50 of the subjects. Latex-containing surgical and household gloves were the main cause of allergies. Patients with isolated contact urticaria (n = 8) had a tendency towards lower antibody concentrations than those with additional respiratory and/or systemic symptoms (n = 48). Occupation-related provocation tests triggered rhinitis in 19, conjunctivitis in ten, and bronchial obstruction in six. The main allergen was found to be a protein with a relative molecular mass of 58,000, originating from the latex milk and passing from the latex glove into the glove powder. In the course of usual activities considerable allergen inhalation can occur. Even small amounts (e.g. 400 ng/ml) can precipitate significant allergic reactions. The results show that the main latex allergen, a glycine-rich protein molecule, can cause cutaneous, inhalant and systemic hypersensitivity reactions.

Alergia al látex: Manifestaciones clínicas en la población general y reactividad cruzada con alimentos

Because of widespread latex manufacturing in the last decades, latex allergy has become an important clinical problem, not only in high-risk groups (health-workers) but also among the general population. Latex is used to produce a large variety of natural rubber products (medical equipment, household gloves, condoms, balls and balloons, footwear, baby pacifiers...) employed in the ordinary life, with high risk for patients allergic to latex. Among general population, children affected by myelomeningocele or spina bifida, have a higher risk to develop latex allergy. Clinical manifestations range from local reactions(contact dermatitis, urticaria), rhino-conjunctivitis, asthma, pharyngeal edema to severe systemic reactions such anaphylactic shock. Furthermore, latex can crossreact with some plant foods, and patients suffering from latex allergy often associate food allergy.

Contact dermatitis from cetyl pyridinium chloride in latex surgical gloves.

Surgical and household gloves, both latex and non‐latex, all contain potential allergens (1). Cetyl pyridinium chloride (CPC), found in Biogel ® latex gloves, has been reported to cause allergic contact dermatitis (2).

Release of thiurams and carbamates from rubber gloves

A method for quantitative determination of thiuram and carbamate derivatives released from rubber gloves into synthetic sweat is presented. The analysis was based upon determination of ester derivatives using gas-chromatography/mass spectrometry and isotope-dilution. The detection limit was 0.1 mg thiuram/carbamate in 200 ml synthetic sweat (0.5 ppm). The release of thiurams and carbamates from 5 household and 5 surgical types of gloves into synthetic sweat was determined. Each of the natural rubber gloves released varying amounts of thiurams (0-4.3 mg) as well as carbamates (0-8.1 mg). 22 thiuram-sensitized patients were patch tested with pieces of the gloves. Gloves releasing considerable amounts of thiurams and/or carbamates seemed to cause more positive patch test reactions in these patients than gloves releasing smaller amounts. Surgical gloves made from natural rubber caused a substantial larger number of positive patch test reactions than household gloves made from natural rubber. The amounts released per cm2 of the gloves were of the same order of magnitude as the content per cm2 patch test of thiuram mix, diluted 1:10. The accessibility of a quantitative, chemical analysis for thiurams and carbamates released from rubber gloves makes it reasonable to ask for declarations of rubber gloves. Proposals for threshold values for release of thiurams and carbamates from rubber gloves may be given in the future.

Manufacture of latex, household gloves

Manufacture of latex, household gloves

Rubber dermatitis. An investigation of 106 cases of contact dermatitis caused by rubber.

SUMMARY.— One hundred and six rubber sensitive patients are described. Seventy had developed dermatitis from specific rubber articles such as household gloves, condoms, footwear and girdles. In the remaining 36 cases dermatitis was due to contact with rubber in various different forms. A formidable number of chemical additives are used by the rubber industry and many of these are potential skin sensitizers. In the present series, however, sensitivity was attributed to a thiuram accelerator or mercaptobenz-thiazole in all but 2 cases