Household Attitudes Research Articles

Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Rural Households in Bojnourd, Iran Regarding the Fleas

Background and Objectives: Fleas are obligate blood-sucking ectoparasites of humans and animals, and their importance in general human health is mostly related to their ability to transmit infectious pathogens. This study aims to evaluate the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of rural households in Bojnourd, North Khorasan Province of Iran, regarding the fleas. Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted from May to November 2020. The study population consisted of rural household members from 11 villages in Bojnourd City. The data were collected using a researcher-made KAP questionnaire with acceptable validity and reliability. Statistical analysis was performed in SPSS software, version 20 using t-test and ANOVA. The significance level was set at 0.05. Results: Of 408 participants, 209 (51.23%) were female and 199 (48.77%) were male. Most of them were in the age group of 21-30 years (37.01%), and less in the age group above 41 years (11.27%)., and were employed (n=109, 26.71%). A significant difference was observed in KAP score based on gender, age, educational level, and occupation (P<0.05). The mean scores of knowledge, attitude and practice were 75.38%, 53.6% and 49.3%, respectively. Conclusion: The rural households in Bojnourd has a high knowledge of fleas, but their attitude and practice are low. Therefore, appropriate training programs are necessary to improve their attitude and practice

The Attitudes of Households for Disaster Risk Management in Fogera, Estie and Ebenat Woredas

The underlining disaster risk management practice translates the combination of knowledge, attitude, and action to maximize the effectiveness of responses against disasters. While knowledge and disaster risk management activities move along simultaneously, attitudes are inherent to individuals posing challenges to easily identify issues and then taking extended time to change. Lack of scientific wisdom on the perception of individuals towards disaster management, and the limited understanding of different factors that influence attitudes, complicates the endeavor in response to the increasingly uncertain future. This study assesses the attitudes of households for disaster risk management in the nine kebeles, the lowest administrative unit in Ethiopia, and 32 villages in Fogera, Ebenat and Estie districts (Woredas, the main administrative unit similar to county). Cross-sectional quantitative method was employed, and attitudinal survey was conducted among 412 households selected through probability simple random sampling. Purposive nonprobability sampling technique was used to identify research kebeles based on disaster prevalence, and to collect supplementary attitudinal data from 64 participants representing academia and local stakeholders. Descriptive statistics and parametric test of variance and covariance have been conducted to determine the attitude levels and to assess major factors influencing households’ attitude for disaster risk management. Results indicated that most of the households (53%) have a fairly positive attitude. Households with negative (27%) and extremely negative (20%) perception are concentrated in rural kebeles that are highly affected by recurrent disasters. Therefore, households in disaster affected areas have negative and unconstructive perception for disaster risk management. This is mainly associated with lack of active community participation and ineffective risk management activities. Households’ attitude is also significantly affected by age (p = 0.0001), and within different age groups (p = 0.001), location by kebeles (p = 0.0237), education levels (p = 0.0016), education status (p = 0.004) and experience in indigenous risk management practices (p = 0.00001). In addition, this study revealed a linear relationship within all the identified factors and households’ attitude levels. Considering the situation in Ethiopia where individual perceptions are deeply rooted, coupled with the results of this study that revealed highly negative attitude among disaster affected households, it is recommended to consolidate efforts and influence attitude through maximizing community participation and enhancing the effectiveness of disaster management.

Comparative Analysis of Household Attitude toward Environmental Transforming Behaviour (HETB) Before and During COVID-19 Pandemic Lockdown in Yenagoa Metropolis, Bayelsa State, Nigeria

Comparative Analysis of Household Attitude toward Environmental Transforming Behaviour (HETB) Before and During COVID-19 Pandemic Lockdown in Yenagoa Metropolis, Bayelsa State, Nigeria

Measles Outbreak Investigation in Aneded District, Northwest Ethiopia: A Case-Control Study

BackgroundBetween 2000 and 2018, global measles deaths decreased by 73%, but the disease remains prevalent in many developing countries, especially in Africa and Asia. Although Ethiopia was attempting to eliminate the measles, it still ranks fourth in the world in terms of the number of cases. The aim of the investigation was to describe the outbreak and identify its determinants in the Aneded district.MethodsBetween March 3, 2020, and April 2, 2020, the 89 patients and 178 controls participated in a case-control study. Data were gathered by means of in-person interviews with household leaders. The attack and case fatality rates were determined. In multivariable logistic regression analysis, variables having a p-value of less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant cut-off points.ResultsAn investigation was conducted on a total of 89 measles cases, with 3 deaths and 178 controls. In total, there were 1.65 attacks per 1000 people, or 3.4% of the case fatality rate. There were 155 days of outbreak duration. The disease was significantly associated with being female [adjusted odds ratios (AOR) = 2.66; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.38–5.11], under 5 years old [AOR = 7.24; 95% CI = 2.58–20.31], positive in attitude [AOR = 0.22; 95% CI = 0.11–0.42], and having a contact history [AOR = 3.19; 95% CI = 1.67–6.10].ConclusionThe measles outbreak, with its higher attack and case fatality rate, has been influenced by factors like household attitudes, age, sex, contact and travel history and needs to be reduced through early detection, active surveillance, and fostering favorable attitudes towards disease prevention and control.

Assessment of knowledge, attitude, and practice of solid waste management system among households of Darge sub-city, east Wollega Zone, Oromia, Western Ethiopia

Background: Inappropriate solid waste management produced in the course of human activities has serious problems for the environment that adversely affect the health of the human population. Thus, towns and cities in developing countries like Ethiopia face environmental health and aesthetic problems resulting from improper management of solid waste disposal. Uncontrolled waste management may also contribute to the transmission of communicable diseases from different systems as well as encourage fly breading, which has nuisance effects in addition to disease transmission. Objective: To assess knowledge, attitude, and practice of solid waste management systems in households in Darge sub-city, East Wollega Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted using systematic random sampling techniques from February 1st to February 15th, 2022. Data was collected from 278 households using a structured interviewer-administered questionnaire. After data collection, data analysis was performed using SPSS computer software version 22.0. Results: The study showed that 67.3% had good knowledge, 65.86% had a positive attitude, and 63.3% had good practice in solid waste management (SWM). Among the households, 12.6% and 42.1% dispose of solid waste in open fields and open disposal pits, respectively. The perceived reason for improper solid waste disposal was a lack of awareness (55.4%) and a shortage of a place for solid waste disposal (30.6%). Conclusion: The knowledge, attitude, and practice of households in the study area need improvement according to standards for towns and sub-cities. Increasing knowledge, changing attitudes, and improving practice in SWM using the existing structure are recommended.

Knowledge, Attitude and Practices of Households on Technology Adoption and Postharvest Management of Avocado, Mango and Tomato in Wondo Genet Woreda of Sidama Region

Postharvest loss was one of the major problems in Ethiopia. Nearly about 25-45% of postharvest losses existed in Ethiopia. The magnitudes of losses were higher for perishable products like fruit and vegetables when compared from cereals and legumes. Postharvest losses for Tomato, Avocado and mango were also high in the study area.

Faktor-Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Perilaku Rumah Tangga dalam Membuang Sampah di RT.08/RW.08 Kp. Pulo Timaha Kecamatan Babelan Kabupaten Bekasi Tahun 2024

Waste is any material or object that is solid and is no longer used by humans and has been used to carry out an activity. This research aims to determine the factors related to household behavior in disposing of waste in Kp. Pulo Timaha RT.08/RW.08 Bekasi Regency 2023. This research is a type of quantitative analytical research using a cross sectional design. Data collection was carried out by means of interviews using questionnaires and observation. The sampling method uses Random Sampling Technique. The sample in this study consisted of 71 Family Cards. The analysis used is univariate and bivariate analysis (ChiSquare Test). Univariat results of respondents with unfavorable behavior were 53 (74.6%), education >9 years as many as 45 (63.4%), poor knowledge as many as 57 (80.3%), negative attitudes as many as 63 (88.7%), socialization of health workers who were not socialized was 48 (67.6%), and infrastructure was not available as many as 52 (73.2%). The results of bivariate research show that there is a relationship with waste disposal behavior, namely household knowledge (Pvalue <0.001 PR=6.389 CI=3.035-13.488), household attitude (Pvalue 0.003 PR=3.938 CI=2.061-7.523), and socialization of health workers (Pvalue <0.001 PR=10.435 CI=3.325-32.483). Meanwhile, there is no relationship between education and infrastructure on waste disposal behavior. Therefore, there is a need for socialization about proper and correct waste disposal to increase household knowledge, attitudes and behavior in disposing of waste.

Shattered housing

Do negative housing shocks lead to persistent changes in household attitudes toward housing and homeownership? We use the residential destruction of Germany during World War II (WWII) as a quasi-experiment and exploit the reasonably exogenous region-by-cohort variation in destruction exposure. We find that WWII-experiencing cohorts from high destruction regions are significantly less likely to be homeowners decades later, controlling for regional differences and household characteristics. Underlying this effect are changes in household attitudes toward homeownership that also extend to preferences for housing consumption, with little or no support for risk preferences, income and wealth effects, or supply-side factors.

ASPIRATION PICTURE AND CLIMATE ADAPTATION: HOUSEHOLDS’ INCREMENTAL STRATEGIES IN CLIMATE-RESILIENT HOUSING IN RURAL COASTAL BANGLADESH

While housing is a critical component of incremental climate change adaptation, identified by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), climate resilient housing implementation is widely focused on the module's safety and modularity, ignoring the beneficiaries' social adaption process underscored by incremental housing ideas. The study explores the incremental adaptation strategies employed by households in climate-vulnerable rural coastal Bangladesh to understand the complex adaptation attitudes of households in social or climate adaptation. The study uses a case study approach with qualitative methods encompassing household interviews, focus group discussions, and in-depth observation on 10 self-built homesteads, 10 Government of Bangladesh (GoB) provided, and 10 United Nations Development Program (UNDP) provided housing modules at Koyra, Khulna. The study observes that households adopt distinct adaptation strategies depending on sittings, roofs, walls, foundations, bedrooms, kitchens, and toilets of modules, which are prone to climate exposure and sensitivity. Therefore, households tackle the delicate complexity of the aspiration picture and social and climate adaptation when the residential situation is coupled with climate vulnerabilities. The study finds that the incomplete nature of a module allows for more aspiration achievement, while a more complete module leads to aspiration adjustments by changing attitudes toward the aspiration picture. This study underscores that in the design of climate-resilient housing modules, it is essential to consider a minimalist approach that can produce more robust climate-resilient homesteads while offering better opportunities for household engagement to enhance knowledge for building back better and safer.

Investigating Rabies Prevention and Control: A Study of Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices in Jimma Town, South-Western Ethiopia

Introduction: Ethiopia has the second highest number of human rabies deaths among African countries. However, the lack of public awareness regarding rabies prevention and control is a major obstacle in combating this disease. To address this issue, the current study was conducted in Jimma Town, southwestern Ethiopia, to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of households regarding rabies and its associated factors. Materials and methods: The current community-based cross-sectional study was carried out, involving a total of 421 participants. The KAP of the respondents was evaluated using principal component analysis and ranked accordingly. Results: Out of the 421 study participants, 53% were female and 63.4% were male. Among the participants, 62.3% demonstrated an adequate level of knowledge, 51% exhibited a positive attitude, and 43% practiced effective prevention and control measures against rabies. On the other hand, younger and male participants were found to have positive attitudes towards rabies. The study revealed that individuals with lower levels of education, specifically those who had not completed college as well as the unemployed and those without dogs had poor knowledge attitudes, and practices about rabies. Conclusion: These findings highlight the need to improve the understanding and awareness of rabies within the community.

Understanding the determinants of households’ intention to practise solid waste segregation-at-source: Theoretical framework development

Purpose: The level of the environment is gradually declining, especially with regard to the serious problem of solid waste. Solid waste segregation-at-source is seen as the most essential approach to helping the natural environment minimize the amount of waste generated before being transferred to waste disposal sites and landfills in many rapidly growing towns and cities in developing countries. However, a number of previous environmental-based research have focused only on the general scope of recycling, sustainable development, and the purchase intention for sustainable food products. This situation has led to useful and relevant information on the research scope of households’ intention to segregate solid waste at source, which remains largely unanswered. The aim of this paper is, therefore, to provide a literature review to develop a novel theoretical framework in understanding the determinants of households’ intention to practise solid waste segregation-at-source. Theoretical framework: The study provides a detailed explanation of the application of the Theory of Reasoned Action, the Fietkau-Kessel Model, the Focus Theory of Normative Conduct, and the Value-Basis Theory to predict the relationship between attitude, subjective norms, environmental concerns, and environmental knowledge of households on intention to practise solid waste segregation-at-source. Design/methodology/approach: This research is descriptive in nature. Findings: A better understanding of the potential mediator and moderator is needed to contribute to the body of knowledge on the causal relationship between the studied variables. In conclusion, the researchers discuss how the framework can be used to address future research implications as more evidence emerges. Research, practical and social implications: The current study is expected to broaden previous research in order to improve general understanding of attitudes and subjective norms towards the specific research scope of solid waste segregation-at-source.

FACTORS INFLUENCING UNHOLY PRACTICES OF INDISCRIMINATE DUMP SITE IN WARRI-SOUTH, DELTA STATE, NIGERIA

The increasing number of indiscriminate dump sites in Warri-south in Delta state is worrisome and adversely affecting the living standard and health conditions of its growing populace. This study seeks to investigate the factors that influence unholy practices of indiscriminate waste disposal and to seek appropriate measures for mitigating or curbing this menace. It employs the cross-sectional research methodology. A sample size of 100 respondents from households living in Warri is used while a structured questionnaire with a three Likert scale is the research instrument for data collection. Exploratory Data analysis is employed to extract insights to explain the menace of dump site increase and the factors that significantly influence it. The results show that domestic waste such as food, paper, glass, and plastic waste is on the increase due to key influencing factors such as poor waste management laws, lack of waste facilities, poor training of waste collectors, and household attitudes towards waste disposal. Waste segregation and recycling were countermeasures to address waste disposal.

Türkiye'de Çevrimiçi Alışveriş Davranışları: Hanehalkı Bütçe Anketi

The aim of the study is to examine the determinants of online shopping attitude in Turkey within the lifestyle approach. This study clarifies the features of households associated with online shopping behaviour and this may assist policymakers to develop effective policies such as the improvement of appropriate marketing strategies aimed at keeping current online customers and attracting the new ones. The nationally representative Household Budget Survey (HBS) micro data set obtained from Turkish Statistical Institute for 2019 is used in the empirical analysis. The ordered probit model is employed to determine the factors affecting online shopping attitude of households. The analysis's findings highlight the fact that household income is the factor that has the highest impact on online shopping. Furthermore, gender, age, education level, and financial status of the household head are all key factors in online shopping behaviour, according to the results of the ordered probit model. Last, the job industry code of the household head, household type, ownership status of the house, accessibility to in-store shopping facilities and the existence of the household member who has a saving behaviour and who has a newspaper or magazines habit have statistically significant effects on online shopping behaviour.

Bridging the Knowledge Gap: Discerning the Association between Adequately Iodized Salt Coverage and Household Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices in Madagascar

Background: Iodine deficiency disorders are one of Madagascar's public health issues regarding the low level of iodine concentration in the population as assessed in 2015. Since then, the national salt iodization program has been revitalized. Therefore, this study aimed to estimate the coverage of households' adequately iodized salt in Madagascar and assess their level of Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices regarding iodized salt use and associated factors. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional population-based study using a multistage random sampling was conducted in 2020 in 4410 households in Madagascar. After informed consent, a pre-tested questionnaire on iodized salt was administered to the households, followed by a table, or cooking salt sample collected for iodine content testing using the iodometric titration technique. In addition, bivariate and multivariate analyses were conducted at 95% confidence level to identify associated factors. Results: The study results estimated the coverage of adequately iodized salt (15-60 ppm) nationwide at 41.1% (CI95%: 39.7%-42.2%) with significant differences between provinces. In addition, 36.8% of women had a “good” knowledge, 45.0% “good” practice of iodized salt, and 24.4% had a “positive” attitude towards iodized salt. Finally, the study identified the following associated factors to adequately iodized salt: attitude or perception towards iodized salt, household size, residence, economic status, and education level. Conclusion: Household coverage of adequately iodized salt has improved since 2015 but remains below WHO recommendations. Thus, the Ministry of Health and its partners could reinforce nutrition education efforts on household attitudes toward iodized salt and other associated factors to maintain coverage progress. Keywords: Coverage, iodine deficiency disorders, iodized salt, supplementation.

Impact of climate change awareness on household attitude toward food waste reduction

Impact of climate change awareness on household attitude toward food waste reduction

Assessing the benefits of agroforestry beyond food security among households in Isingiro district, South-western Uganda

Globally, agroforestry and its capacity to offer a high yielding system are well known as a pathway for providing multiple benefits of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to the households. In Uganda, household farmers adopt on-farm trees for various benefits such as soil erosion prevention, maintaining soil fertility, provision of shade, windbreaks, and climate regulation among others beyond food security. The study aimed at assessing the benefits of agroforestry beyond food security in Isingiro District. The study used a cross-sectional survey design to obtain qualitative and quantitative data. The number of household participants was 284. Multiple Linear Regression to analyse the association between dependent variable and numerous independent variables were employed. The study used Chi-Square tests to find out the statistical value of variables and their effect on agroforestry adoption. The study also used Multiple Regression Model to determine the degree to which selected variables were accountable for influencing agroforestry benefits beyond food security. The results indicated that 41% households in Kabaare, 37.0% in Kikokwa, and 22.0% in Kigyendwa practiced agroforestry. These percentages mean that agroforestry adoption is below the average (50%). The low adoption is attributed to factors such as land shortage, limited financial capacity, poor attitudes and perceptions. Of all the agroforestry adopters, only 21% of the households indicated that they had benefited from on-farm trees. This implies that majority 79% of those who did not practice agroforestry realized no benefits. The socio-economic factors that were positive and insignificant with a positive influence on household agroforestry benefits were the main occupation and income (0.001) while the family size and land size (0.288), land acreage used for food production and household size (0.553), land acreage and marital status (0.182) were insignificant. The study recommends intensive studies on household attitude, and perceptions about agroforestry practice in relation to other factors. The local government needs to review land policy, and strengthen its support to households in utilising their resources productively through on-farm tree adoption to attain diversified benefits. Key words: Agroforestry, Benefits, Food security, Governance, Livelihood, Policy review, Household

Households’ Willingness to Pay for Renewable Energy Alternatives in Thailand

While the problems about the environmental effects of traditional energy use are growing, Thailand has a rapid response by increasing its renewable energy (RE) policy. Even though Thailand has seen rapid growth in RE, it has been focusing on supporting the producers and not considering the users. In addition, there were few studies on RE receivers in Thailand. To reach sustainable growth and increase the empirical study, this research aims to analyze the socio-economy, electric consumption behavior, attitude, opinions, and cognition of households in Bangkok Metropolitan to willingly pay for RE alternatives in Thailand. A questionnaire survey was carried out for 250 households covering six administrative districts, selected through multistage and stratified sampling techniques. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and conditional logit regression. It is found that the overall household in Bangkok still unchanged the status of electricity production based on the findings of socio-economy, behavior, and psychological factors. Considering to pay for RE alternatives, households are willing to pay (WTP) for solar energy at the highest level among other types, and biomass is the least willing to pay when the RE share is expected to reach 40%. These results are relevant for the planning of RE in the metropolitan region and the methodology applicable to other regions for extending RE opportunities to the national level.

Agricultural cooperatives and the failure to achieve commercialization of agriculture in Nepal: A case study of the Chitwan district

For more than two decades, the government of Nepal has invested resources in agricultural cooperatives, prioritizing cooperatives as part of a strategy for poverty reduction. Agricultural cooperatives have a stated goal of improving family incomes through the commercialization of agriculture by increasing agricultural production and supporting the marketing of produce. However, there is mounting evidence that these goals have not been met and that farming households remain largely disconnected from agricultural markets. The analysis here addresses the question: Why have agricultural cooperatives in Nepal failed in facilitating the commercialization of agriculture? Based on a household survey of a stratified sample of 200 cooperative member households in the Chitwan district, the current research investigates the role of agricultural production in household finances, considers services provided by cooperatives and the reasons households join cooperatives, household relations with cooperatives, along with information about the residential circumstances of households. The survey includes both open-ended and close-ended questions, which are coded into categories. These are supplemented by key informant interviews (KII) using a purposive sample of 37 agricultural managers in cooperatives whose members were part of the household survey. Based on interviews using open-ended questions, these surveys identified the role managers see agricultural cooperatives filling, the obstacles they face, and their view of the political and economic environment. We present a set of hypotheses, which we test using one-sample t-tests, two-sample paired t-tests, and two-sample (unpaired) t-tests based on household responses. We confirm that agricultural commercialization is limited by the small scale of agricultural production at the household level, that services provided by cooperatives provide little support for marketing member produce, and that households have multiple ties to cooperatives and other mutual assistance organizations, which dilutes their commitment in agricultural cooperatives. We do not confirm the hypothesis that households that rely more heavily on agriculture differ substantially in these respects. Based on responses to our open-ended questions, we find that families consider financial services the most valuable services provided by cooperatives. In the key informant interviews, managers observe that cooperatives depend on revenue from financial services to cover operating costs. They recognize that cooperatives have made little progress in their goal of commercializing agriculture, and they believe that additional government support will be necessary for market-based agriculture to contribute substantially to household income. We believe our results imply that in order for agricultural cooperatives to succeed in their goals of increasing the commercialization of agricultural production and increasing farm family incomes, there will need to be concerted efforts by government, and a reorientation of the attitudes of households and cooperatives.

Willingness to pay for climate change mitigation measures in households: Bundling up renewable energy, energy efficiency, and renovation

AbstractThrough their consumption behavior, households are responsible for more than 70% of total global greenhouse gas emissions. Therefore, the GHG emission reduction potential due to the household behavior is very high. Energy consumption is the main source of the GHG emission in households. There are two main ways to reduce GHG emissions in households: use of renewable energy, energy efficiency improvement, and energy conservation due to changes in the energy use patterns. The highest energy saving potential in households is linked with building renovation, followed by the use of energy efficient appliances (including lighting). Renewable energy microgeneration technologies in households also provide opportunities for GHG emission reduction. Although there have been many policies developed to reduce GHG emissions from energy consumption in households, they still need to be more effective. This paper aims to assess willingness of Lithuanian households to reduce GHG emissions from energy consumption in households by embarking on energy renovation of buildings, use of energy efficient appliances and use of renewable energy technologies. The willingness to pay for these GHG emission reduction measures allows to compare household preferences with respect to available support measures and assess the adequacy of such measures. The paper also discusses household attitudes toward the main policies and measures for GHG emission reduction. The results show the highest willingness to pay for energy efficient appliances, followed by renewable energy technologies. The willingness to pay for energy renovation is the lowest one and such s measure requires significant state support.

Elimination of tax complexity issues through financial literacy

Modern taxation systems often experience complexity and investigations have attempted to define whether the tax complexity has an impact on the compliance of taxpayers. A low level of literacy can be an obstacle in the tax system. This paper will examine the impact of financial literacy on tax revenues to prove the relationship between literacy and taxation. The study will also provide suggestions for developing financial literacy which may reduce the negative influence of tax complexity on tax compliance. The educational systems do not provide taxation as a subject at any stage, however, tax knowledge is required for understanding taxes and for implementation of tax calculations and those skills directly affect the finances of individuals and the performance of businesses. A low level of financial education and tax knowledge in society affects the financial attitude of individuals and households which can lead to lower tax compliance and eventually, create a fertile environment for tax evasion. The tax complexity concerns not only people and businesses but also governments and tax administrations, because it also decreases tax revenues in the end. The study will use a simple regression model as a method in order to find out the relationship between financial literacy and taxation, as well as it will support suggestions to eliminate tax complexity issues. The main tax variables will be taken from the Eurostat database and financial literacy variables will be sourced from the OECD survey of financial competencies. Every individual and country must take financial education into serious consideration to avoid the anticipated consequences in personal life and negative results in economic development.