House Of Hanover Research Articles

“Here in Britain”: William Fleetwood, His Welsh Translators, and Anglo–Welsh Networks before 1717

This essay explores the circumstances, content, and locus of the first two privately financed political translations into Welsh. Published in 1716 and 1717, both rendered a 1716 anti-Jacobite thanksgiving sermon preached by William Fleetwood, bishop of Ely, into Welsh. An interlude will engage with a cross-genre English verse translation, also done in 1716. Whereas Fleetwood’s text, the 1716 Welsh translation of it, and the cross-genre translation pursued a radical Whig agenda, the 1717 translation of Fleetwood into Welsh took care to remove the most radical content of his sermon. All four texts, however, focused on advertising a Protestant nation centered on a national church and the House of Hanover. The present analysis contributes to explaining how Wales’s separate cultural identity was confirmed while being bound politically into a Hanoverian nation demarcated by the Anglican Church. It explores the uncharted Welsh-language dimension of early eighteenth-century British pamphleteering, non-elite Anglo–Welsh cross-border communication networks, and the role that cultural entrepreneurs and provincial publishing centers like Shrewsbury played in not only disseminating metropolitan ideas but also enabling wider participation in the political discourse.

‘Armailt làidir de mhilìsidh’: Hanoverian Gaels and the Jacobite Rebellion of 1745

In 1745–6, thousands of troops were raised in the Highlands and Islands in support of the house of Hanover. Often neglected due to the intense focus on Highland Jacobitism, these Gaels were instrumental in the defeat of the Jacobites. The study of pro-Hanoverian forces in the Gàidhealtachd tells us much not only about the military history of the 1745 rebellion but also about the nature of the whig regime in Scotland. In contrast to the ideological frameworks increasingly used to make sense of the Jacobite period, this article argues that pragmatic negotiations between the central government and the whig clans helped mobilise and empower regional responses to the rebellion. Exploiting the government's need for Gaelic allies in late 1745, Highland leaders, officers, and enlisted men used military service to shore up a nexus of political, financial and security imperatives. By examining the recruitment and service of anti-Jacobite Gaels, this article shows that—even in the epicentre of the rebellion—the Hanoverian state possessed important structural strengths that enabled it to confront the threat of armed insurrection. In so doing, the article reveals the political and fiscal-military networks that sustained whig control in Scotland.

The Sport of Kingmakers: Horse Racing in Late Stuart England

This essay sketches the general outlines of an argument that locates the rise of horse racing as a national sport in England in the context of national political change. In brief, the argument might be summarized as saying that horse racing was as much the sport of kingmakers as of kings, a recreation of martyrs as well as monarchs; and that some of its early participants were associated with breeding rebellion, as well as racehorses. The earliest public mention of a ‘Jockey Club’ appears to be a newspaper notice in the summer of 1729, and I have argued elsewhere that this club can be seen acting as a quasi-official body as early as 1717, though not necessarily under that name. Here, I want to extend that argument further in suggesting that the Club whose meeting was publicly announced in 1729 coalesced over the course of the preceding half-century. The argument I sketch here identifies how a very specific emergence of a particular organization of the sport served a very specific ideological purpose during a time of considerable tension over the relationship of church and state. The conflict between Protestants and Catholics, and the anxieties about succession and rebellion that these conflicts engendered, were more than just the backdrop to the rise of the sport; and the particular sport that emerged helped celebrate and popularize a Protestant succession settlement that ultimately excluded dozens of Stuart claimants to the throne in favor of the house of Hanover.

Fürstliche Prachtentfaltung in Abwesenheit des Herrschers. Bedeutung von Schloss und Hofstaat im Fürstbistum Osnabrück zur Regierungszeit Friedrichs von York (1764–1802) by Heinrich Schepers

Reviewed by: Fürstliche Prachtentfaltung in Abwesenheit des Herrschers. Bedeutung von Schloss und Hofstaat im Fürstbistum Osnabrück zur Regierungszeit Friedrichs von York (1764–1802)by Heinrich Schepers Andreas Oberdorf Fürstliche Prachtentfaltung in Abwesenheit des Herrschers. Bedeutung von Schloss und Hofstaat im Fürstbistum Osnabrück zur Regierungszeit Friedrichs von York (1764–1802). By Heinrich Schepers. [ Westfalen in der Vormoderne: Studien zur mittelalterlichen und frühneuzeitlichen Landesgeschichte, Vol. 30.] (Münster: Aschendorff Verlag. 2018. Pp. 348. €51,00 paperback. ISBN 978-3-402-15075-7.) The Peace of Westphalia not only ensured the consolidation of the state order, but also proved to be strong and sustainable for the future, strengthening the religious-political principles of state sovereignty and territorial integrity in early-modern Europe. In this context, the prince-bishopric of Osnabrück in northwest Germany has played a remarkable role, also apart from the fact that it was the capital and seat of residence and became one of the two venues (besides Münster) for this peacemaking negotiation process in 1648. Since the Reformation era and in the long eighteenth century, the population of Osnabrück consisted of Catholics and Lutherans and was, already for that reason alone, a bi-denominational prince-bishopric. [End Page 579]Even more significantly, this confessional dualism had also a specific effect on the principles of princely succession. In order to ensure the religious-political balance of power, the prince-bishopric was ruled alternately, either by appointment of a Lutheran prince from the House of Hanover or by election of a Catholic clergyman through the Catholic members of the cathedral chapter. In both cases, however, the prince-bishopric of Osnabrück certainly underwent the same fate of being controlled in 'personal union' with other principalities and, as a result, in total absence of the respective ruler. This is precisely the point where historian Heinrich Schepers questions what strategies were used to maintain the dominance and power of an absent prince-bishop. Schepers specifically focuses on the reign of Frederick August, Duke of York and Albany (1764–1802), who was appointed as the prince-bishop of Osnabrück as an infant by his father George III, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg, King of Great Britain and Ireland. Under the rule of Frederick, as Scheper explains and illustrates in detail, the display of princely splendor reached its climax with the reconstruction and redesign of the residence and garden as well as with the establishment of a princely court in Osnabrück. Fürstliche Prachtentfaltung in Abwesenheit des Herrschersprovides a well-researched manuscript collection and in-depth descriptions of the substantial changes between 1764 and 1791, offering also rich insights into the practices of representation and symbolic communication (ritual, ceremonial). However, Scheper's detailed interpretation of his findings sometimes appears as too superficial. Further questions need to be addressed when asking about the symbolic dimensions of princely splendor in the Age of Enlightenment: How did the residence, garden, and court represent Frederick's self-image as a "princeps" as well as an "episcopus"? 1Did Frederick even identify himself as a noble and Enlightened ruler? What was the role of religious tolerance in the visual and ceremonial culture, particularly against the bi-denominational constitutional background of the prince-bishopric? As Gerd Dethlefs has recently demonstrated in his concise study on the construction of the residence palace at Münster, an entirely Catholic prince-bishopric, analyzing the architecture, design, and decoration of Münster's residential palace allows historians to better understand the exercise and representation of politico-ecclesiastical rule. 2Despite these weaknesses, Schepers' explanations will certainly have several implications for research, especially into the cultural history of political thought and practice in early-modern Germany. [End Page 580] Andreas Oberdorf University of Münster Footnotes 1. Bettina Braun, Princeps und episcopus. Studien zur Funktion und zum Selbstverständnis der nordwestdeutschen Fürstbischöfe nach dem Westfälischen Frieden(Göttingen, 2013). 2. Gerd Dethlefs, "Sinnbild milder Herrschaft. Politische Ikonographie an der fürstbischöflichen Residenz zu Münster," in Katholische Aufklärung in Europa und Nordamerika, ed. Jürgen Overhoff and Andreas Oberdorf (Göttingen, 2019), 500–15. Copyright © 2019 The Catholic University...

The Opera Architect Girolamo Sartorio (1630s/40s–1707) and the Dissemination of Opera in Northern Europe

Girolamo Sartorio is one of the unsung heroes of the Baroque era, being the architect who single-handedly designed the first opera houses for Hanover, Hamburg, Amsterdam, Leipzig, Weimar, and Prague. His role in the dissemination of opera in northern Europe cannot be overestimated. Furthermore, his work puts into relief the House of Hanover’s important role of patronage in this trajectory, while his career highlights important changes in Europe at the turn of the century—a time when artists and other professionals began moving away from court environments to develop their skills along freelance models of entrepreneurship, assuming positions of managers and impresarios in various urban centers of northern Europe.

Additive manufacturing in food and nutrition

Nutrition BulletinVolume 41, Issue 3 p. 299-301 News from the Research Councils Additive manufacturing in food and nutrition A. B. Hanley, Corresponding Author A. B. Hanley Knowledge Transfer Network, Edinburgh, UK Correspondence: Professor Bryan Hanley, Knowledge Transfer Network, 3rd Floor, Hanover House, 45 Hanover Street, Edinburgh, EH2 2PJ. E-mail: bryan.hanley@ktn-uk.orgSearch for more papers by this author A. B. Hanley, Corresponding Author A. B. Hanley Knowledge Transfer Network, Edinburgh, UK Correspondence: Professor Bryan Hanley, Knowledge Transfer Network, 3rd Floor, Hanover House, 45 Hanover Street, Edinburgh, EH2 2PJ. E-mail: bryan.hanley@ktn-uk.orgSearch for more papers by this author First published: 14 August 2016 https://doi.org/10.1111/nbu.12224Citations: 1Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume41, Issue3September 2016Pages 299-301 RelatedInformation

New research projects funded by the Diet and Health Research Industry Club (DRINC)

Nutrition BulletinVolume 40, Issue 3 p. 231-234 News from the Research Councils New research projects funded by the Diet and Health Research Industry Club (DRINC) J. Brookman, J. Brookman Knowledge Transfer Network, UKSearch for more papers by this authorS. Broadway, S. Broadway Knowledge Transfer Network, UKSearch for more papers by this authorB. Hanley, Corresponding Author B. Hanley Knowledge Transfer Network, UK Correspondence: Professor Bryan Hanley, Knowledge Transfer Network, 3rd Floor, Hanover House, 45 Hanover Street, Edinburgh EH2 2PJ, UK. Email: bryan.hanley@ktn-uk.orgSearch for more papers by this author J. Brookman, J. Brookman Knowledge Transfer Network, UKSearch for more papers by this authorS. Broadway, S. Broadway Knowledge Transfer Network, UKSearch for more papers by this authorB. Hanley, Corresponding Author B. Hanley Knowledge Transfer Network, UK Correspondence: Professor Bryan Hanley, Knowledge Transfer Network, 3rd Floor, Hanover House, 45 Hanover Street, Edinburgh EH2 2PJ, UK. Email: bryan.hanley@ktn-uk.orgSearch for more papers by this author First published: 23 August 2015 https://doi.org/10.1111/nbu.12158Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Volume40, Issue3September 2015Pages 231-234 RelatedInformation

Hanover creates bespoke e-learning by thinking outside the box

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to observe how members of the Hanover Housing Association’s learning and development team who could not afford the cost of bespoke e-learning trained themselves in instructional design instead. Design/methodology/approach – Explains the reasons for the training, the form it takes and the results it has achieved. Findings – Reveals that outsourcing to external developers, at £6,000 for each 30-minute course, was too expensive, so the housing association trained three members of its learning and development team to become in-house e-learning designers instead. Practical implications – Details how a training investment of £5,000 has so far saved £80,000 – an amount that grows with every e-learning course the team creates. Social implications – Presents a list of dos and don’ts for effective e-learning. Originality/value – Reveals how organizations can create their own e-learning rather than spending money on expensive courses designed by others.

„A love of music to distraction…“

King George III’s queen consort, a German princess from the House of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, otherwise known as Queen Charlotte (1740-1818), is generally ignored by musicology. The following essay is dedicated to her enthusiastic patronage of the music of her day. With Johann Christian Bach as her music master, she organized both public and private concerts, which King George like-mindedly supported by establishing a German orchestra for her in 1783, an ensemble made up entirely of German musicians. Her collection of music was moved to the court in Hanover in 1837, where it remained largely unexplored by music historians for the next 160 years. All 563 volumes of the music library of the House of Hanover changed hands in 2008 in a discreet sale to Yale University. A list of the Queen Charlotte Music Library is included in the essay.

The Herschel Knighthoods: Facts and Fiction

Herschel is revered as a pioneer of modern astronomy, and he is universally known as Sir William on the basis that he was accorded a British knighthood towards the end of his life. From then and up to the present day, publications have referred to him as Sir Herschel. These include the many accounts of his life and work, which almost invariably mention that a knighthood was bestowed on him by the Prince Regent (later George IV) in 1816. Not surprisingly, a host of bibliographical guides, library catalogues and indexes of all descriptions and in all locations have followed suit and prefixed Herschel 's name with the knightly title of 'Sir'.Intriguingly, however, there is nothing in the formal record to indicate that Herschel was ever in fact the recipient of a knighthood, and so he was never officially Sir William. This article sets out to explore the highly unusual circumstances in which Herschel acquired the title upon his appointment by the Regent as a knight of the Royal Guelphic Order, and will show that it lacked any official or formal basis: with very few exceptions it has been widely though incorrectly assumed that Herschel derived the title of 'Sir' as a matter of form from his Guelphic knighthood. We also reveal the effects of this misunderstanding within his immediate family, and the problems this created for Herschel's son John when the latter was offered the same honour in 1831.IWilliam Herschel's first association with, and eventual settlement in Britain came about as a result of his family's residence in the north German state or 'electorate' of Brunswick-Luneburg (usually known as Hanover after its capital city), which since 1714 had enjoyed a close royal relationship with Great Britain.1 Due to the failure of the Stuart line the British throne had passed in that year to the house of Hanover, thus forming a royal 'personal union' that would last until 1837.2 Throughout this time Britain's kings continued simultaneously to rule their Hanoverian domains, though in constitutional terms the two states and their governments remained entirely separate and distinct. Strong social and cultural links between the two states were nevertheless exemplified by those such as Herschel who chose to settle and find employment in Britain. Herschel's first acquaintanceship with Britain had occurred while serving as a young bandsman in one of the regiments of the Hanoverian army.3 By about 1759 he had decided to settle permanently in Britain which he esteemed as the ideal country where he could exploit his gifts as a musician, aware of the encouragement given to music in England.4As is well known, Herschel eventually moved to Bath in 1766 where he achieved fame, first as a musician and composer, and latterly and more widely as an amateur astronomer. His discovery in 178 1 of the planet we now know as Uranus brought him to the attention of the King, George IQ, who in 1782 appointed him as astronomer to the British court at Windsor with a pension of £200. Sometimes at the Castle, but more usually in his own home, Herschel would when asked demonstrate the heavens to the Royal Family and their guests.In 1793 Herschel petitioned for, and obtained, a private Act of Parliament naturalizing him as a British subject.5 We can only speculate what may have prompted this move. His autobiographical notes6 end before this time, and his sister Caroline, the chronicler of the family and her brother's assistant in astronomy, destroyed her records for this period. In 1788 Herschel had married Mary Pitt, the widow of a wealthy merchant and neighbour (and the daughter of his landlady). After the birth of their son John in 1792, it may have seemed incongruous that whereas the infant had been born on British soil and was therefore in the eyes of the law a British subject, was still technically a foreigner (albeit a subject of the British king in his capacity as elector of Hanover). …

British Reactions to Charles XII’s Stay in the Ottoman Empire

In 1709 the Great Northern War took an unfortunate course for Sweden, as following Charles XII’s defeat at Poltava, he was forced to retreat to Bender in the Ottoman Empire, where he would remain for 5 years.. The Swedish King’s retreat in the Ottoman Empire also reverberated in Britain, which at the time was involved in the War for Spanish Succession (1709-1714), and consequently sought for tranquillity at the North and Baltic Sea. While politicians were worried about the Swedish fleet, a worry which only aggravated after George I’s accession to the British thrones in 1714, writers such as Daniel Defoe and others could not refrain from expressing their admiration for the ‘Warrior King’ Charles XII. Soon after his return, Charles XII would even be associated with the Jacobite faction, rival to the House of Hanover which at the time ruled Britain. The purpose of this paper is to offer an overview of the whole spectrum of British publications and reactions regarding Charles XII’s sojourn in the Ottoman Empire, during his stay’s duration (1709-1714) and up to his death and the immediately subsequent period.

Parliament, the Tories and Frederick, Prince of Wales*

The alliance between the tories and Frederick, Prince of Wales has usually appeared at best a passing interlude of opportunism in eighteenth‐century politics, dismissed alike by scholars upholding ‘jacobite’ or ‘Hanoverian’ constructions of the party's identity. This article offers a re‐examination of the relationship, assessing tory actions at Westminster against the larger hinterland of party literature and journalism. It argues that, especially after 1747, the association fronted a much more serious enterprise than is conventionally assumed, highlighting the continued political and ideological independence of the party into the 1750s and shaping the subsequent evolution of its identity. Intellectually, Frederick's image as a ‘Patriot King’ was driven by radical manifestos originating within the jacobite diaspora in Paris. Inside Westminster, his patronage changed the balance of power, bringing the tories to a point of primacy hitherto unmatched over the larger opposition. For four years, the promise of the prince of Wales provided the glue to hold the tory party together; his death threatened to unleash a process of fragmentation. The long‐term legacy of the alliance informed the direction of those who remained tories into the following decade, determining the section of the party that would gain the ascendancy within the reign of George III. By showing how a member of the ruling dynasty could be recast in a favourable and highly partisan political complexion, the pact with Frederick represented a decisive stage in the reinvention of English toryism, and its movement from mid‐century opposition towards rebirth as the loyalist champions of the house of Hanover.

Three victories and a defeat: the rise and fall of the first British Empire, 1714-1783

In the eighteenth century, Britain became a world superpower through a series of sensational military strikes. Traditionally, the Royal Navy has been seen as Britains key weapon, but in Three Victories and a Defeat Brendan Simms argues that Britains true strength lay with the German aristocrats who ruled it at the time. The House of Hanover superbly managed a complex series of European alliances that enabled Britain to keep the continental balance of power in check while dramatically expanding her own empire. These alliances sustained the nation through the War of the Spanish Succession, the War of the Austrian Succession, and the Seven Years War. But in 1776, Britain lost the American continent by alienating her European allies. An extraordinary reinterpretation of British and American history, Three Victories and a Defeat is a masterwork by a rising star of the historical profession.

The House of Hanover: A Reassessment (1) The Kingdom of Hanover and the Marienburg Sale

(2007). The House of Hanover: A Reassessment (1) The Kingdom of Hanover and the Marienburg Sale. The Court Historian: Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 49-61.

The House of Hanover: A Reassessment (2) Two Kings: New Light on George I and George II

Hannah Smith, Georgian Monarchy: Politics and Culture, 1714–1760 (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2006), xiii + 296 pp., ISBN 0-521-82876-7, £48 ($85).

The House of Hanover: A Reassessment (3) The Sibling Problem

Stella Tillyard, A Royal Affair: George III and his Troublesome Siblings (Chatto & Windus, 2006), ISBN 0701173068, £20.

King George III and porphyria: an elemental hypothesis and investigation

In 1969 it was proposed that the episodic madness suffered by King George III (1738-1820) resulted from an acute hereditary porphyria, variegate porphyria, caused by deficiency of protoporphyrinogen oxidase. The diagnosis was based on the historical archive and a contentious claim that living members of the House of Hanover were affected with the condition. A re-examination of the medical evidence and the appearance of new historical material have suggested that porphyria did indeed exist in the Royal Houses of Europe. We report the analysis of hair obtained from George III. Although no genomic DNA could be obtained, metal analysis revealed high concentrations of arsenic. Since arsenic interferes with haem metabolism, it might have contributed to the King's unusually severe and prolonged bouts of illness. We have identified sources of arsenic in the context of the medication George III received from physicians.

The Country Close enquiry ‐ some issues raised

An escalating situation in one of Hanover Housing Association's extra Care schemes resulted in an abuse enquiry. This article sketches the situation and the action taken. Two key points emerge: in some circumstances, social services departments may opt not to get involved in situations of alleged elder abuse; and use of the term ‘abuse’ may sometimes be counterproductive. Names have been changed to protect identities.

News

Help the Aged is to sell its 32 care homes and housing schemes to Hanover Friends, a joint venture from the Hanover Housing Group and Friends of the Elderly – another charity. The charity currently accommodates 500 residents and employs 332 staff. However, the service costs £5 million a year to run, and according to a spokesperson, would require ‘substantial investment’ to meet the demands of the Care Standards Act and the expectations of residents: ‘Help the Aged is unable to keep the homes and schemes going on its own. The sale to Hanover Friends will ensure that residents’ service charges remain unchanged for the first 2 years, that rent terms are guaranteed for life and that residents are involved in future decisionmaking.’

Is This Song Your Song Anymore?: Revisioning Woody Guthrie's "This Land Is Your Land"

After drifting around New York for almost two months at the beginning of 1940, sleeping on succession of friends' couches, and busking for tips in Bowery saloons, songwriter and political activist Woody Guthrie settled into the shabby surroundings of Hanover House, hotel located near the jumble and noise of Times Square. There, on February 23, he wrote God Blessed America, whose six verses ended in the refrain God blessed America for me. Afterward, he did not show much interest in the song and did not perform it often.' Then sometime before the end of April 1944, when Moses Asch first recorded him singing it, Guthrie decided to change the title to Is Your Land and the refrain to land was made for you and me. Over the years, this song has surpassed simple popularity and found its way into our national consciousness, evidenced by great many Americans' familiarity with the melody. Many people can sing all or part of the chorus-and few even know Woody Guthrie wrote the song. This recognition cannot be attributed directly to its commercial achievement, however. For example, if we look to Billboard magazine as typical measurement of song's commercial status, we find none of the many versions of Land has reached the top ten, forty, or even hundred in terms of sales. Yet even without this type of commercial success, it has become as Clifton Fadiman describes Guthrie and his work as whole: a national possession, like Yellow-