House Jobs Research Articles

Rate of Depression, Anxiety and Stress among Interns/House Officers in Nigeria

Abstract Background Medical school is one of the most academically and emotionally demanding programs. The mandatory house job and internship year adds to the already high level of stress associated with medical school. The amount of time and effort invested is considerable. This dedication could be harmful to the young trainees' health, causing worry, despair, and stress. This study was undertaken to determine the rate of anxiety, depression, and stress among interns and house officers in Nigeria. Materials and Methods This is a descriptive cross-sectional survey in which 138 participants were conveniently recruited. The study used a self-report questionnaire with two sections that took approximately 10 minutes to complete. The first section collected sociodemographic information of the participants and the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21) was used in the second segment to assess depression, anxiety, and stress. Results The rate of depression, anxiety, and stress among the participants in this study is 37.3, 42.5, and 15.7%, respectively. In this study, only duration of training has significant association with depression and stress (p < 0.05). However, all other sociodemographic variables showed no significant association with depression, anxiety, and stress (p > 0.05). Conclusion The significantly high level of depression, anxiety, and stress found among the participants revealed that depression, anxiety, and stress are of public mental health concern. These may have negative effects on cognitive functioning, learning, and patient care.

IMPACT OF GOVERNMENT DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMMES ON YANADI TRIBE SUSTAINABILITY IN NELLORE DISTRICT OF ANDHRA PRADESH, INDIA

In independent India still the tribals have not developed to the extent expected. Tribals are living backward conditions due to lack of awareness about the need for education. Tribals do not have land so they cannot contact with mainstream society for financial needs and for the government provides financial facilities through some welfare schemes. Many of the tribal peoples are living dependent on the facilities provided by the government and even today Yanadi tribes are living a nomadic life without their own house or proper job opportunities. These schemes are very useful for Yanadi tribals to lead an ideal life and to be a part of education, job and employment opportunities. Though these programmes are good but these programmes not able to ensure sustainability of all tribals. With the change in the time Indian government priorities changed. After independence first government focussed on agriculture then industrialisation, later power sector, now we are in the era of digitalization. Similarly, the tribals needs and expectations are changing time to time. In this context, the present article focusses on Impact on Government Development Programmes on Yanadi Tribe Sustainability in Nellore district of Andhra Pradesh so as to understand what extent these schemes are successful and to identify any new aids needed by them. KEY WORDS: Yanadi Tribes, Digitalization, Agriculture, Industrialisation.

Independent Practice as a Nursing Practitioner in Pakistan: “Opportunities and Misconceptions

Independent Practice as a Nursing Practitioner in Pakistan: “Opportunities and Misconceptions

Impact of Psychiatric Internship on Medical Graduates: Quasi Experimental Study

Background: Physical health is incomplete without mental health; despite this fact Psychiatric teaching and training of medical health professionals is an undermined area especially in developing countries like Pakistan. This study is aimed to determine the impact of knowledge, attitude and perception towards Psychiatry and also possible change in the career choice of medical graduates (house job interns) of public sector hospital of Karachi after doing internship in Psychiatry Methods: This Quasi experimental study was conducted in 40 medical graduates house job interns who were doing 12 weeks internship in Psychiatry department of Dow Medical College & Dr Ruth K.M.Pfau Civil Hospital Karachi from April 2020 to March 2021 on quarterly basis. A Self synthesized pretested questionnaire was employed twice at pre internship and post internship levels and two semi structured questions were also administered to qualitatively compare their responses. SPSS-19 was applied to
 statistically analyze the result and paired sample t-test was used to compare both pre and post internship scores Results: There was found statistically significant impact of psychiatric internship on medical graduates (preinternship; M=52.2, SD=10.8 and post internship M=60.6, SD=8.3); t(39)=-4.6,p=

An Exploratory Study on Job Satisfaction Factors among Journalists in Pakistan

The journalism is most sophisticated and sacred job in any corner of the world. News making and its disseminations is a typical profession. Being part of a developing country, journalists also suffer the challenges layered throughout the social settings. These challenges affect their professional life along with personal life. Ultimately their job satisfaction goes at stake. The researchers tried to dig out predicting factors of job satisfaction among the journalists in context of a developing country. Due to Time & budget constraints, researchers applied purposive sampling technique and data was collected through survey from eminent journalists from a twin city of Pakistan. The data was collected from 108 journalists. Researchers aimed to study relationship of socioeconomic condition of journalists through the number of family members and the type of house ownership, job disloyalty in case of unsatisfactory salary, pride of association with organization and their job security under gratuity and provident fund with job satisfaction subsequently. The results revealed a significant relationship between socioeconomic conditions based upon a financial load of dependant family members and type of house ownership and job satisfaction, job disloyalty incase of unsatisfactory salary and other job seeking, pride of association with organization and Job satisfaction and finally job security and job satisfaction among the journalists. The study justified the relationship of socioeconomic condition, level of salary, job security and pride of association with job satisfaction among the journalists from a developing country Pakistan.

Use of Proton Pump Inhibitors: An Exploration of Awareness and Practice of Health Care Professionals of Tharparkar District

Background Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs) are commonly prescribed drugs and their inadequate prescription can have adverse outcomes. Multiple factors are responsible for inappropriate use of PPIs including self-medication, less knowledge about PPIs in medical staff, and consumer-oriented advertising. Objective To assess the knowledge and practices about PPI use among Physicians in Tharparkar District of Sindh province, Pakistan. Methods This is a cross Sectional study that was done in the rural hospitals (Basic Health Unit, Rural Health Centre, Talukka, and District Hospital) in Tharparkar District Sindh. The study took place for 6 months from October 13, 2019, to April 12, 2020. All PMC licensed Physicians working in district Tharparkar for at least 6 months were consecutively enrolled. Knowledge questions comprised of questions about PPI and their indication and side effects while practice questions such as indication, route, and duration of action were asked. All participants were classified as having adequate knowledge and adequate practice based on the correct answer to each question. The study included PMC-licensed physicians with one-year internship/ house job experience and Physicians who had worked at district Tharparkar in a rural setting for at least 6 months. Physicians who did not give consent were excluded from the study. Results Of 102 practitioners, the mean age of the participants was 39.57 ±9.14 years. The majority of the practitioners were males (n=82, 80.4%). Most of the practitioners (n=66, 65%) were working in district hospitals, 21 (19.6%) in rural health centers, and 15 (14.7%) in basic health units. Adequate knowledge was observed in 34 (33.3%) while adequate practice in 33 (32.4%) participants. Conclusion The knowledge and practices about Proton Pump Inhibitor (PPI) use were found to be unsatisfactory among Physicians working at Tharparkar.

Perception of Dental House Officers Regarding the Management of Medical Emergencies in CMH Lahore Medical College & IOD

Objective: The main purpose of this study is to assess the knowledge, attitude, experience, and perception about the management of medical emergencies in dental clinics amongst house officers at CMH LMC & IOD. Study Duration: This questionnaire-based descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted between May 2022 and June 2022 at CMH Lahore Medical College and Institute of Dentistry. Material & Methods: A previously tested questionnaire comprised of three parts was used for data collection. A total of 62 house officers were present. All of them responded to the questionnaire. The questionnaire consists of three sections; Section A: Contains the questions related to the understanding of the dental house officers in managing medical emergencies. Section B: Includes the evaluation of experiences and skills they have in managing medical emergencies if it occurs in dental clinics. Section C: Includes their perceptions related to the betterment of emergency management was evaluated. Data was analyzed using IBM SPSS Version 24. Data was analyzed using IBM SPSS Version 24. Results: Concerning Basic life support training, 64.5% had been given training during house job only. At least 67.7% of House officers came across 1-5 medical emergencies during their house job. Syncope was one of the most common (62.9%). Hypoglycemia was the second most common (35.5%) and asthma was reportedly the third most common medical emergency (1.6%). When facing a medical emergency, 90.3% report that they seek help. 96.8% reported that they can take a patient’s blood pressure, 72.4% can take a patient’s pulse, 27.4% can measure blood sugar level, only 38.7% can maintain an IV line, 41.9% can perform the Heimlich maneuver, 53.2% can carry out ventilation through a bag or mask and 35.5% are capable of performing CPR. Only 3.2% of house officers believe that their undergraduate training is sufficient to prepare them to manage medical emergencies. Though, 71.0 % think that house officers should undertake medical emergency training before starting their house job. Practical implication:There is scarcity of literature on how prepared dental house surgeons are to deal with medical emergencies so this study give future directions to dental house surgeons. Conclusion: It was concluded that practical training is lacking among dental house officers in managing medical emergencies and that there is a need to not only include medical emergency training at the undergraduate level but also allot a rotation to medical emergencies at the start of the house job. Keywords: Dental house officers, medical emergencies, management, training

Career trends & influences on medical career choice among female medical students

Objective: To determine the factors that influence the future career choice among female medical students of Rawalpindi Medical University (RMU). Study Design: Descriptive Cross Sectional study. Setting: Rawalpindi Medical University, Rawalpindi. Period: 1st July 2021 to 31st August 2021. Material & Methods: Female students of 3rd, 4th and final year MBBS were included. Students were asked to complete a pre-designed questionnaire, which included demographic details and parameters such as, marital status, plan to have children in future, house job and post graduation preferances. Results: Four hundred fifty three students were included in this study. 69.8% students were neither married nor engaged. 32.5% had no intention of extending their family in next 5 years. Majority of the students (73.1%) chose medical profession on their own wish. About 96.2% females were planning to do house job. Out of these, 97.5% had already planned to pursue their post graduation. A quarter of medical students planned to pursue postgraduate training as well as family progression in the next 5 years (66.7% vs 25.7%). Current marital status, family extension in next 5 years, and reasons for adopting medical profession were found to be statistically significant, when compared to future career progression. (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Female medical students in pakistan are becoming more career oriented and taking decisions independently.

SURMOUNTING THE BRIM OF MODULAR LEARNING MODALITY: A PHENOMENOLOGICAL STUDY

Pandemic makes a vast change wherein everything outside and even inside everyones home is in calamity. The closure of educational institutions such as the school in which learning is a shift into a new platform of learning. Modular learning modality mode is used where all instructional materials are printed. It is one way to continue a students education in-house without risking their health. Parents serve as the teacher and guide their children in learning while they do house chores and jobs to provide needs. A qualitative phenomenological approach was used to investigate and provide revealing looks and perspectives on the said issues of the parents. The study aims to discover and understand the lived experiences and perspectives of the childrens parents who are surmounting the brim of modular learning. In this study, 14 parents were selected. Particularly those parents that have elementary students will be our participants. The researcher gathered information from the participants through in-depth interviews. This research attempts to explore parents perspectives in surmounting the brim of modular learning, examine its outcomes, and investigate how parents deal with the issue. There are six themes revealed in this study. Interestingly, findings revealed that parents have a hard time in the implementation of modular learning modality. Therefore, parents lived experiences in modular learning modality should be considered and understood for them to look for an outlet to express and hear their voice on facing this new learning as they work and teach children at the same time. Modular learning parents play an important role in a students development and progress. KEYWORD: parents lived experiences, modular learning modality, handling children in teaching modules, Philippines

Cooking up Hope: Minoritized White Women and their Hope for Equality in Miami's Latinx Dominated Restaurant Industry1

AbstractIn Miami, the US racial category of “white” is being re‐defined to include light skinned Latinx immigrants. In the process, US‐born white Miamians find themselves displaced from the top of Miami's social hierarchy as light skinned Latinx immigrants take over these social positions. This racialized Latinx social re‐positioning is particularly visible in Miami's restaurant industry where the developing social hierarchy leaves white women restaurant workers juggling their white privilege and their traditional gendered roles, with this playing out most profoundly amongst those who occupy “back of house,” or kitchen jobs, where they become both racial and gender minorities.Through the case study of Geena, a white female cook, I will explore the extent to which the precarity of privilege motivates white women to be audacious actors of resistance in a racialized, hetero‐patriarchal restaurant industry. Using an intersectional framework to analyze Geena's lived experiences, this paper focuses specifically on the degree to which her ideas of hope are shaped by class, language, ableism, and sexual orientation. As I will demonstrate through Geena's case study, ideas of hope allow white women to reposition themselves as white saviors, effectively reasserting and reifying whiteness as a superior social category.

PROF. MUHAMMAD SHAFIQUE (1936-2022): PIONEER OF PSYCHIATRY IN KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA, PAKISTAN

PROF. MUHAMMAD SHAFIQUE (1936-2022): PIONEER OF PSYCHIATRY IN KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA, PAKISTAN

A Preliminary Validation of the Brief COPE Inventory for Assessing Coping Strategies among Pakistani House Job Doctors

Health care is one of the most challenging professions associated with several challenges and issues leading the doctors and nurses towards several mental health issues which make it necessary to explore coping strategies and skills that help the professionals in overcoming their mental health issues. As a result, the present study was conducted on a sample of Pakistani house-job doctors to validate the Coping Orientation to Problem Experienced (COPE) scale. A sample of 315 house-job doctors (men = 60%, women = 40%) employed in various hospitals of Lahore was recruited through purposive sampling method. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was used at first to confirm Carver's factor structure, which resulted in poor fit. As a result, the structure of coping factor in a Pakistani sample was investigated through an Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA). Problem-focused coping, emotion-focused coping, and avoidant coping were discovered to be three-factor solution of COPE. Furthermore, the scale had high psychometric qualities including good reliability and validity.

Preparedness of house officers for independent clinical practice: are we there yet?

<p><strong>Background and Objective:</strong> The essential goal of any medical school is to train medical graduates to work as independent clinicians. Inadequately prepared doctors put the well-being of patients at a great risk. The objective of the study was to evaluate the preparedness for independent clinical practice of house officers who graduated from medical schools with the traditional discipline-based curriculum, from both public and private sectors, and with high and low merit.<br /><strong>Methods:</strong> A quantitative correlational study was conducted by using an already validated questionnaire. A total of 241 house officers who graduated from public and private sector medical schools from Lahore, Pakistan, with high and relatively low merit, were selected. The data from the filled responses were analyzed by using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 25.<br /><strong>Results:</strong> Out of the 241 respondents, 152 (55.3%) were female and 89 (32.4%) were male. The mean age of the respondents was 24.19 ± 0.91 years. The difference in mean score between the public and private sectors was significant in the subscales of clinical skills, procedural skills, and patient management.<br />Analysis of free-text responses showed a deficiency in procedural skills, communication skills, time management, and management of acutely ill patients in the emergency department in both classes of medical schools. Many graduates suggested early clinical exposure with hands-on training and the addition of modules of ethics and medical laws in the curriculum.<br /><strong>Conclusion:</strong> The medical graduates lack pertinent training in professionalism, ethics, medical laws, and communication skills which may hamper their appropriate preparedness before dealing directly with the high turnover of patients during house jobs.</p>

Developing Entrustable Professional Activities (EPAS) for House Officer to Practice Safely and Independently in Dentistry; A Qualitative Study Using Interpretive Paradigm

Objective: To develop entrustable professional activities for a one-year house job in dentistry.
 Study Design: Qualitative study (Interpretive Paradigm).
 Place and Duration of Study: Khyber College of Dentistry and Sardar Begum Dental College, Peshawar Pakistan, from Sep 2017 to May 2018.
 Methodology: A five-step approach was used to develop four EPAs for a one-year house job. Using maximum variation sampling, faculty members from eleven disciplines of dentistry working in public and private dental colleges of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and charge of training dental interns participated in the study. Three focus group interviews and three in-depth interviews were conducted. Data was transcribed and thematic analysis was done.
 Results: The EPAs were developed for a one-year house job using the five-step approach. This process resulted in developing the content of four EPAs in detail, analysing the results into competencies aligned with Pakistan medical and dental council, assessment methods such as multisource feedback, direct observation, mini CEX assessment with peer coaching and role modelling teaching strategies for each activity. Participants agreed on trusting the house officer to perform independently with a gradual shift of supervision scale from direct action to indirect and finally enacting the EPAs unsupervised.
 Conclusion: This study presents the foundation for using specific EPAs in dentistry, a step towards a competency-based approach. The content of EPAs for a transition period of a one-year house job in dentistry was developed using the 5-stage approach. These EPAs can provide explicit guidance for the engagement of dental house officers in clinical workplace activities.

Interaction between the BDNF rs11030101 genotype and job stress on cognitive empathy

BackgroundEmpathy refers to an individual's ability to experience the emotional and cognitive processes of another person during social interactions. Although many studies have examined the effects of genetic variation on emotional empathy, little is currently known about whether genetic factors may influence cognitive empathy. This study investigated the relationship between BDNF rs11030101 genotype, job stress, and empathy, especially cognitive empathy, in a Chinese Han population. MethodsA cross-sectional design was used and 340 participants were recruited from a university in Beijing. Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI) was used to measure empathy. Job stress was measured using House and Rizzo's Job Stress Scale. The BDNF rs11030101 was genotyped in all participants. ResultsGender and age were associated with various IRI subscales (p < 0.001). After controlling for gender, age and education level, BDNF rs11030101 genotype had no main effect on all empathy subscales (p > 0.05). Job stress was negatively associated with Perspective Taking (p = 0.006) and positively associated with Personal Distress (p < 0.001). In addition, the BDNF rs11030101 genotype modulated the relationship between job stress and Fantasy (p = 0.013), indicating that T allele carriers had higher Fantasy scores at higher job stress and lower Fantasy scores at lower job stress than AA homozygotes. This interaction was only present in women. LimitationsThe sample size and single-nucleotide polymorphism are limited, and the cross-sectional design should be improved. ConclusionsFemale university faculty with the BDNF rs11030101 T allele may utilize higher emotional job demands, thereby fostering their cognitive empathy.

The Interest and Exam Preferences for Postgraguation of Medical Graduates from a Private Medical College in Lahore who have Completed their one year House Job in 2020

Objective of study: To study the interest and postgraduate exam preferences adopted by young doctors who have successfully completed their one-year house job in May 2020, who graduated from a private medical college of Lahore Place and duration: The data of doctors was collected from records of Akhter Saeed Medical and Dental college Lahore, who had completed their one-year house job from May 2019 to May 2020. Study design: It was a cross sectional survey. Non-probability conventional sample was used. The data was analyzed by SPSS-25 and presented in forms of tables, bar charts and pie charts. Materials&amp; methods: The data of 121 students is collected from college and hospital records who graduated in 2019, started their house job in May 2019 and completed in May 2020. The students who were fail in final professional exam or were not able to complete their house job due to any reason were excluded from study. Each student was contacted in person and required information was collected after verification of their names and roll numbers with their consent. Close ended same set of questions were asked from each student. Data was collected and analyzed by SPSS 25. Results: Total 121 young doctors were included in our study, 81 (66.9%) females and 40 (33.1%) males. Out of theses 63 (52.1%) responded and 58 (47.9%) didn’t. The unviability of getting response was either lack of consent to respond or change of contact numbers. Regarding marital status 32 (50.8%) were unmarried [19 (30.16%) females, 13 (20.63%) males] and 31 (49.2%) were married [20 (31.75%) females ,11 (17.64%) males]. Forty-nine 49 (77.78%) medical graduates actually perused their career and went for some post graduate exams whereas 14 (22.22%) only planned and didn’t appear in any exam after completion of one year house job. Among doctors who responded, eleven 11 (17.5%) young doctors [9 (14.29%) females ,2 (3.17%) males], successfully started their residency after FCPS part l examination, twenty-one 21 (33.3%) were waiting for their induction after passing their FCPS part l exam [13(20.63%) females, 8(12.70%) males], eight 8(12.70%) went for PLAB exam [5 (7.93%) females 3 (4.76%) males] and seven 7 (11.1%) attempted part l exam [5(7.93%) females ,3 (4.76%) males] but not declared successful. The other options perused by doctors for postgraduation were MCPS dermatology 1(0.8%), two years diploma radiology 1 (0.8%), M Phil biochemistry 1 (0.8%), exam of Australian medical council 1 (0.8%) and STEPs 1 (0.8%). There were eleven 11 (17.5%) doctors [5 (7.93%) females ,6 (9.52%) males] who didn’t appear in any exams. The top four favourite specialties preferred by graduates of Akhtar Saeed Medical college were medicine 19 (15.7%), surgery 10 (8.3%), gynecology 7 (5.8%) and anesthesia 3 (2.5%). The remaining were radiology 2 (1.7%), ENT 2 (1.7%), eye 1 (0.8%) and cardiology 1 (0.8%). Conclusion: It was an encouraging, reassuring and promising trend that young graduates from a private medical college pursue postgraduate qualification timely. Most students were females and majority preferred clinical over basic sciences for postgraduation. These young doctors should be guided and trained in those subjects which face shortfall in specialists. The data can help to find job opportunities in Pakistan to avoid brain drain. Keyword: Medical graduates, post-graduation, doctors.

The Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Final Year Medical Students: Single Center Study

Introduction: The COVID-19 health emergency led to adoption of unprecedented measures that have never been seen in recent times. The study examines the effect of COVID-19 on final year medical students’ final professional examination preparedness, transition to house job and earlier assistantship.Methodology: This descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted in September – October 2020 after institutional review board approval at University College of Medicine and Dentistry (UCMD) in Lahore, Pakistan. A total of 112 final year medical students responded to this survey whereas 13 did not. Data was analyzed using SPSS 25. Chi square test was applied to evaluate the impact of COVID 19 on variables of interest (p-value&lt; 0.05 considered significant). Results: Postponement of clinical rotations, written exams, OSPEs and clinical ward tests was reported by 62%, 78%, 71% and 48% students respectively whilst 29%, 13%, 18% and 21% students respectively stated it to be formatted. A statistically significant impact (p&lt;0.05) was observed for final professional examinations preparedness and confidence to assist earlier.Conclusion: The study demonstrated the significant impact of COVID-19 on final year medical students’ examination preparedness and confidence to assist earlier in hospital. Improvised teaching methodology is urgently needed to fill in the lapses in their education.Keywords: COVID-19, Medical Education, Final year MBBS professional examination, OSPE, Earlier Assistantship, House Job.

Journal Club is a way forward to adopt Evidence Based Practice among dental House Officers.

ABSTRACTObjectives:To identify the improvement in knowledge, presentation skills, critical skills and self-directed learning process during Journal Club platform amidst dental house officers of 2018, 2019 and 2020 after completing one year house job training at Bahria dental College Karachi.Methods:This cross-sectional study was conducted from Dec- 2018 till Dec-2020. The six items were asked about perception of change for evidence-based process of (knowledge, cognitive, affective and participant domains) after completion of house job training by each cohort. The responses were noted on three point likert scale as agree, neutral and disagree. Total 150 questionnaires were distributed in three cohorts. The SPSS version 23 was used. P-value < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.Results:Total n=145 house officers had completed the proforma with response rate of 96.65%. The mean age was 24.45 ± SD 0.63 among three groups. There were n=20(14%) males and n=125(86%) females. There was improvement found for knowledge acquisition about relevant literature search among all three groups. Regarding knowledge acquisition of bio-statistics; majority of subjects n=26 (52%) in 2020 group had reported no change and in 2019 cohort n=23(48%) were agreed. Majority n=21(44%) of house officers had reported no change when asked as JC helped in critical thinking in year 2019.Conclusion:Knowledge acquisition about relevant literature search, presentation and confidence skills were improved but no significant changes were found in knowledge of biostatistics and critical thinking skills. JC is a convincing platform to learn evidence-based process amid dental house officers.

Work-Family Conflict, Emotional Intelligence, and General Self-Efficacy Among Medical Practitioners During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

PurposeIn Pakistan, medical professionals face multiple challenges comprising long, fixed working hours and workload overburdening, which leads to emotional fatigue. These conflicts in work–life scenarios, brought about by high work demands causing emotional exhaustion, can create a state of distress among the medical professionals. The present study investigates the association between work–family conflict (WFC), emotional intelligence (EI), and self-efficacy (SE) among medical practitioners during COVID-19 in Pakistan.Patients and MethodsThe study sample included 140 medical professionals from Rawalpindi and Islamabad. Cross-section correlational research design was used, and information was gathered employing online surveys through a purposive sampling technique. The scales utilized were the WFC, EI, and SE Scale.ResultsThe current study hypothesized a significant relationship between work–family conflict, general self-efficacy (GSE) and emotional intelligence among medical practitioners during COVID-19 in Pakistan. The results showed that those with more family-to-work conflict had less EI and GSE. Furthermore, findings uncovered that there is a significant positive relationship between EI and GSE.ConclusionThe findings propose that it is important for medical professionals to have a high level of EI and GSE to navigate through the WFC more healthily. In future, awareness seminars could be arranged related to EI and its significance to stimulate the psychological well-being of medical professionals. Future studies could also consider other healthcare workers, including nurses and internees doing house jobs and other medical staff, as they are also exposed to several stresses due to the workload and family demands.

Psychiatric symptoms in students of medical colleges in Punjab

Background: In Punjab, after medical college entrance exam, 3405 candidates got seats in 19 medical colleges (public sector) from 80 thousand participants. In Pakistan, after UHS induction, enrollment of 4300 candidates was made in 43 private medical colleges per year. MBBS, In Pakistan, consist of five academic years along with one year of House job. MBBS is regarded as one of toughest studies that not only effect student health physically but also mentally. Aim: To find out the incidence of stress, depression and anxiety, and stress experienced by medical candidates, and its link with different variables. Duration and study design: September 2018 to December 2019, Cross-sectional study Methods: From September 2018 to 2019 December, this case research was carried out in candidates of private as well as public Medical Colleges. The case research consists of sampling of 270 candidates. The data was collected via questionnaire.. The data was analyzed using social sciences .The statistical analysis of different variables and anxiety stress and depression was carried out. Results: It was reported that the incidence of stress depression and anxiety, and between medical candidates were respectively, 41.1%, 60.1% and 62.2%. Female candidates were found to be more relaxed and stress free as compared to male candidates. Male students were found to be more depressed than female students (29.4% vs 52.2%) along with a statistically significant (P&lt;0.001). Gender is free from association with stress and Anxiety. Candidates from urban areas were more stress free (41.4%) as compared to candidates from village sides (59.2%) with a statistically significant (P=0.021). Conclusion: The incidence of stress anxiety and depression was found more significant in case of male candidates as compared to female candidates. Male candidates and candidates from rural sides were more prone to stress and anxiety. Keywords: Medical Education, Depression, Anxiety, Stress, Medical students.