Housing Bank Research Articles

Evaluating the impact of demographic characteristics on residential mortgage default risk: Evidence from Lebanon

Purpose: This study aims to examine the relationship between borrower's demographic characteristics and default risk in mortgage loans to help financial institutions develop more effective lending policies. Design/Methodology/Approach: Cross-sectional data were elicited from randomly selected 6743 individual accounts from Lebanese housing banks. This study applied the binary logistic and stepwise regression models to analyze the dataset using the Stata statistical software. Model diagnosis is performed using the Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness of fit test, likelihood ratio test, model accuracy classification table and statistically significant test-ROC curve. Findings: The findings revealed that there is a significant relationship between residential loan default risk and borrower’s marital status, nature of job occupation, job economic sector, job location and loan purpose. The performance of the binary logistic regression analysis demonstrates the overall percentage who is correctly classified is 91.61%. Conclusion: The log odds of default risk for widowed borrowers are about 90 percent higher than those of divorced borrowers and that of self-employed borrowers is about 54 percent higher than that of employed borrowers. Borrowers working in the banking and real estate sectors have lower default rates than borrowers working in other economic sectors. In addition, loans granted for renovation purposes have the lowest default rates compared to loans provided for purchase, under-construction and construction purposes. Practical Implications: The empirical results help financial institutions to have early warning signals in detecting financial distress and to differentiate between a high- and low-risk group of borrowers, helping in the development of tailored risk mitigation strategies and adjusting the lending criteria.

Impact of Resistance to Change and Organizational Structure on Employee Performance in Jordanians Banks: Case Study of Housing Bank for Trade and Finance

The study aimed to demonstrate the impact of resistance to change and organizational structure on employee performance. The study population consisted of all employees at the Housing Bank for Trade and Finance. The descriptive analytical approach was used to collect, classify, and analyze the data. The study sample size was 180 employees. A scale consisting of three axes was developed (resistance to change, organizational structure, employee performance). The results of the study showed a statistically significant positive impact of resistance to change on employee performance. The cognitive dimension had a significant positive impact, unlike the emotional and behavioral dimensions, which did not have a significant impact. The organizational structure also had a significant positive impact on employee performance. According to the study recommended a set of recommendations, including enhance employees' ability to adapt to changes. This can be achieved by providing training programmers’ and workshops that aim to enhance employees' adaptability and change management skills, enabling them to deal effectively with changes in the work environment. Additionally, management should play a key role in enhancing employees' awareness of the organizational structure and clarifying how it affects their performance. This can also be achieved through orientation sessions and workshops on the bank's structure and its impact on daily work.

Migration of House Banks in S/4HANA

SAP S/4HANA Cash Management’s one of the core functionalities is “Bank Relationship Management”. Finance Managers can centralize bank accounts using bank account master data. SAP S/4HANA Customers can also use workflow processes for opening, changing, closing bank account Master data. This provides companies relief from seeking approval thru emails and can get rid of the tedious manual approval processes when creating, changing, closing a bank account Master data. So, we don’t lose any information and achieve harmonization.

Housing debt and depressive symptoms: evidence from the China family panel studies

BackgroundThere is limited evidence on the association between housing debt and depressive symptoms in China. This study aimed to examine the impact of housing debt on depressive symptoms and explore the heterogeneous impacts arising from two sources of housing debt and two types of housing demands.MethodsUsing data from the 2016 and 2018 China Family Panel Studies (CFPS), this study included 25,232 Chinese individuals. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the eight-item Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D8). Housing debt was measured by dummy variables, indicating whether an individual had housing debt, and continuous variables, which were the logarithm of the total amount of housing debt. The two-way fixed effects model was used to examine the relationship.ResultsHousing debt had a significant positive impact on depressive symptoms in China. Individuals with housing debt had a 0.176-point higher depressive symptom score than those without housing debt. A 10% increase in the total amount of housing debt led to a 0.16-point increase in depressive symptoms. Non-bank housing loans significantly increased the level of depressive symptoms with a larger coefficient (coef = 0.289), while the impact of bank housing loans was small and not statistically significant. In terms of the types of housing demands, a positive impact was observed only among individuals who had only one property meeting their housing consumption demands.ConclusionsThis study found a significant positive impact of housing debt on depressive symptoms, primarily driven by non-bank housing loans. Furthermore, housing debt increased the depressive symptoms among individuals with consumption demands, while those with investment demands did not show a significant impact. Government interventions should prioritize easing formal financial constraints and providing support for individuals with housing consumption demands.

Empathy of Bank Employees and Its Influence on Service Quality of Banks: Evidence from the Knowledge Economy of Kerala in Digital India

ICT is being aggressively promoted by the Govt. of India (GOI) as part of its ‘Digital India’ and such other policies like JAM. In this ICT-thrust era in Digital India, ‘Empathy’ aspect of service quality of banks is studied in this paper, focusing on housing finance segment-a national priority. ‘Housing for All’ is a national goal of the GOI and topmost priority is being accorded to housing sector by the State and Union Governments and also by the regulatory bodies like National Housing Bank (NHB) and Reserve Bank of India (RBI). This study is based on the feedback from 600 housing loan customers of banks in Kerala – a State that strives to turn into a ‘Knowledge Economy’ or ‘Digital Kerala’ in the context of ‘Digital India’. This paper makes an empirical study of the service quality in respect of the housing finance business of banks with a focus on the empathy of staff. It observes that even in this ICT era, a real ‘Willingness to help’ and other empathy values for the bank staff and also a ‘Human touch’ in their deals are vital for success.

NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF HOME OWNERSHIP LOANS BANK INTEREST RATES IN INDONESIA WITH NEWTON'S INTERPOLATION METHOD

The demand of the Indonesian society to own homes and properties is increasing along with the growth of Indonesia's population. This has led to an increase in population density, causing property prices to rise. The way to own property or a house in accordance with monthly income is by using bank housing loans. Three Indonesian banks renowned for housing loan applications, namely BTN, Mandiri, and BSI, were selected as samples in this study. These three banks have their own advantages and different bank interest rates. Therefore, this research was created as a tool for consumers to make decisions by considering the advantages obtained when applying for a loan at one of the three banks. This study employs the Newton's interpolation method to generate formulas that can help solve consumer problems. The results of this study generally indicate that Mandiri bank has an advantage in terms of lower installment costs compared to BTN and BSI.

Analysis of the actual state of renovation and utilization of historical buildings using vacant house bank data

Analysis of the actual state of renovation and utilization of historical buildings using vacant house bank data

CONTINUITY IN THE PRIVATE BANIKR FIRE OF PRE-REVOLUTIONARY RUSSIA

The article is devoted to the little-studied topic of continuity in the field of private banking in pre-revolutionary Russia. In the history of Russian banking, several dynasties of private bankers can be distinguished, such as the Wavelbergs, the Volkovs, the Gunzburgs, the Stieglitzes, and the Junkers. For two or three generations they owned large banking houses in St. Petersburg, Moscow, Warsaw and Paris. The family chronicles of the bankers Stieglitz, Feleizen and Wavelberg are taken as an example. The small number of banking dynasties is associated with the late emergence of private banking in Russia. The first banking offices appeared very late compared to Western Europe - at the end of the 18th - beginning of the 19th centuries. and lasted until 1917, approximately 120 years. Unfortunately, there is no data on how many banking houses there were in Russia during this time, presumably about a thousand. Some banking firms were inherited from father to son. However, few banking institutions were inherited in the third or fourth generations. Most banking houses, for various reasons, ceased their activities after the death of the founder or even during his lifetime. To conduct financial affairs, the necessary knowledge was required, and most importantly, abilities that the heirs did not always possess. Some of them preferred the life of a rentier or more prestigious and quiet official careers.

A Study on Risk Management of Commercial Banks’ Home Mortgage Loans Based on Risk Management Framework

Abstract In the wave of global urbanization, the rapid development of the real estate industry has greatly driven the growth of personal housing loans of commercial banks, and personal housing loans have become a very important part of the loan business of commercial banks, especially in the business operations of many smaller urban commercial banks, where personal housing loan business is an important source of profit. However, the personal housing loan business is facing increasing risk management challenges against the multiple backgrounds of the current epidemic environment, the overall tightening of mortgage policies, and the accelerated advancement of market-based interest rates. For most urban commercial banks, personal housing loan risk control should be based on the local market, combined with the actual development of the enterprise itself, comprehensive internal and external environmental conditions to establish a perfect risk control mechanism and timely improvement of the existing management problems is a top priority. This paper takes Bank H as an example to study the risk management of personal housing loans, exploring the basic performance of Bank H in terms of personal housing loan risks, analyzing the factors affecting its housing loan risks, and the current problems in the management of personal housing loan risks. A linear regression model is also constructed to analyze the causes of Bank H’s housing loan risk, the factors affecting personal housing loan risk, and the characteristics of Bank H’s housing loan risk. The experimental results of this paper show that through risk control management of the 10 indicators selected, Bank H’s annual housing non-performing loan ratio declined by 19.392% and was effectively curbed. It is inferred that effective financial risk management decisions can be an important tool for risk management in averting the risks associated with commercial bank housing loans. Therefore, a sound post-loan risk management mechanism for personal housing loans is essential and the only way to improve the resilience of commercial banks.

Mythological. Anthropological. Bodily. Review of A.M. Lobok's Book “The Anthropology of Myth”

This paper reviews A.M. Lobok's monograph, The Anthropology of Myth. It was published in 1997 in Ekaterinburg by the publishing house Bank of Cultural Information, but is still little known in the scientific community and belongs to the philosophical underground. This has necessitated the creation of a review work to present The Anthropology of Myth to a wider readership. Despite an almost quarter-century gap between the year of publication and the present, the reviewed monograph is one of the most interdisciplinary to date and may be of interest to researchers specialising in mythology, general myth theory, philosophical anthropology, cultural philosophy, physical anthropology, pedagogy and body studies.

自治体による二地域居住に関わる取り組み

This study aims to grasp the situation of supports for dual-habitation by local governments. We conducted a questionnaire survey for local governments. As a result, many supports were about set up a consultation desk and utilization of subsidies. On the other hand, it was useful to set up a dedicated homepage, provide unoccupied house bank and places for employment and community exchange. In addition, we confirmed the growing interest due to the Covid-19 pandemic. It was found that support for dual-habitation requires not only support for the houses, but also the realization of new work styles and regional exchanges.

THE INFLUENCES OF BANK-FIRM RELATIONSHIPS IN CREDIT ACCESS OF SMES

Since many SMEs (small and medium-sized enterprises) lack internal resources, they usually look for external credits that banks are the main providers of. However, most of those businesses’ main concern is to gain credit access since these businesses are not very efficient when minimizing information asymmetries between them and their lenders. Thus, relationship lending that includes close interactions, long-term relationships, and, close ties between SMEs and banks might reduce information asymmetries and might provide easier credit access conditions for SMEs. In this regard, this research aims to investigate the positive association between the length of the relationship, the closeness of communication, the house bank status, and access to bank credit. In line with this selected purpose, the researcher created an online questionnaire and collected data from 479 SMEs operating in Turkey. To examine the specified relationships, the researcher performed Binary Logistic Regression analyses. The results confirm the positive relationships between the variables of relationship lending and access to finance. Therefore, SMEs focusing on socializing and networking activities with banks might receive advantages to gain easier credit access conditions. The reasons for these results might be related to cultural, and executive-firm-specific characteristics, including the structure of society, the sectoral experiences, and the length of doing business, respectively.

Особенности развития банков в Османской империи в середине XIX – начале ХХ вв.

Introduction. The development of banks in the Ottoman Empire is a complex topic in domestic and foreign historiography. Eastern societies, especially Muslim ones, have long had a negative attitude towards banking activities, considering it an offspring of an alien Western culture, using the services of traditional structures. In this article, the author endeavours to show the development of banks in the country from the 1820s – 1830s to the First World War. The article highlights the important role of the Galata banking houses owned by Greeks, Armenians and Jews in establishing the credit and financial system in the Ottoman Empire. They served the interests of the Porte and financed foreign economic transactions. Materials and Methods. The work has an interdisciplinary character, since it is carried out at the intersection of history, history of economics, economics, and statistics. Classical methods of historical science were used. Analysis. In the middle of the 19th century, the banking houses of Galata found themselves in a difficult situation, especially in the context of galloping inflation. The Ottoman Empire needed modern banks with considerable resources. This article stresses that only foreign banks could successfully carry out this task and highlights a number of stages in the development of the process. The British capital had dominated the country during the 1860-70s while the French and German banking capital started to gain access to the empire in the 1880s. By World War I, more than half of the country’s banking assets belonged to French banks. The author raises a complex problem of the development of national banks in the Ottoman Empire. Most of them could not compete with foreign banks, except for the «Agricultural Bank», which was a successful example of modern bank development in a traditional society that enjoyed great confidence from the local population, who formed a new financial culture. Therefore, it willingly invested its savings in deposits. Results. The author concludes that despite the achievements in establishing modern banks, there was a severe shortage of bank branches and representative offices, especially in the remote parts of the empire. Consequently, a large part of the population had to turn to traditional banking houses and moneylenders, which, contrary to the law, inflated the interest rates. The Ottoman Empire needed further expansion of the presence of foreign banks and, most importantly, the establishment of large national banks capable of becoming the flagships of the modern economy in the country.

Армянский капитал в экономике Российской империи на рубеже XIX–XX вв.

Introduction. Alexander II's reforms of the 1860s and 1870s changed the socio-economic situation in Russia. While maintaining the inviolability of the monarchy with the help of reforms carried out "from above", market relations fit into this paradigm. The state controlled all upcoming transformations in the economic segment. The Russian economic system still preserved multi-economic structure, which combined patriarchal, petty-commodity, private-capitalist and state-capitalist foundations. Materials and Methods. The study was written using archival materials from the Russian State Historical Archive (RGIA). The main research principle was historicism, which made it possible to place the economic development of Russia in the context of the post-reform era. Traditional methods of historical research were used, such as historical-systemic and historical-genetic. Analysis. The industrial capitalism was formed in Russia under the conditions of monarchic rule. Armenian-Russian cooperation has a centuries-old history. Since the second half of the 17th century cooperation was developing intensively and had its logical continuation at the turn of the 19th-20th centuries. Armenian industrialists and financiers by virtue of the established tradition were successfully included in the "new" economic paradigm. Results. According to the results of the study, it can be concluded that Armenians contributed significantly to the economic development of the Russian Empire. Especially worth mentioning is the role of the Banking House "Br. Dzhamgarovs". Dzhamgarovs directly participated in the modernization of capitalism and the formation of the financial system of the Russian Empire at the turn of the XIX-XX centuries.

Retracted: Investigating the Impact of Bank Housing Credit Risk Control Strategy by Blockchain Technology on the Household Consumption Plan.

[This retracts the article DOI: 10.1155/2022/7021384.].

Evaluating the Potentials of the Housing Fund Law to Support Housing Finance Policies in Iraq

After long eras of socialism, wars and economic embargo when Iraqi people were severely exhausted, Iraq finally adopts free market economy. Its Gross Domestic Product (GDP) increased rapidly.The fortune was to flow in a proper frame of legislations to Iraqis.Since wealth needs time to grow for a person, and housing commodity is of high costs, then legislation were to be issued to organize flow of the national wealth to support private sector in housing finance.In respond, the Law of Iraqi Housing Bank (IHB) No. 32 was issued in 2011.This research is to solve the conflicts of the (IHB) Law and to support Iraqi legislators regarding this aspect. This research claims that this law should be revised by the Iraq Parliament. The research comes to help in this mission. The law of (IHB) should not conflict with The Iraqi Constitution.The range of this research is the “Status-in-force” Iraqi legislations only.It discusses the housing finance relations in various Iraqi legislations.

Market Concentration and Market Share’s Effects on the Financial Performance of Jordanian Banks

This study explores market concentration and market share and their impact on both short and long-term financial performance of Jordanian banks. Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) method was used to analyse annual bank data from 2006-2020 to illustrate the impact of market concentration and market share on the financial performance of the Arab Bank and the Housing Bank for Trade and Finance. Results found market concentration’s negative and significant impact on the short and long-term rate of return on assets for both the Arab Bank and the Housing Bank for Trade and Finance. This contradicts with the Structure-Conduct-Performance hypothesis and therefore excludes collusive behavior between banks mostly concentrated in the Jordanian banking market. The market share of deposits also has a short and long term positive and significant impact of on the rate of return on assets for both the Arab Bank and Housing Bank for Trade and Finance coinciding with the Traditional Efficiency hypothesis in the Jordanian banking market. We recommend inviting Jordanian banks to study their environmental influences, and raise employee efficiency and technological adaptability to competitively participate in the larger banking industry, thus improving their own performance.

The impact of selected internal factors on the profitability of commercial banks in Jordan

This paper analyzes the impact of internal factors on the profitability of commercial banks in Jordan in the period of 2009–2019. Bank size, capital adequacy, bank loans, bank and liquidity risk are taken as explanatory variables, with the rate of return on assets as a dependent variable. EViews software was used for regression analysis. This study highlights a significant and positive effect of f-statistics for SGBJ Bank, Kuwait Bank, Capital Bank, ABC Bank, and Arab Bank – 11.34, 5.46, 5.11, 5,14 and 5.62, respectively. This means that internal factors affect their profitability, there is a positive effect of internal factors on the profitability of SGBJ, Kuwait Bank, ABC Bank, and Arab Bank. SGBJ’s R-squared was 88%.This indicates that any change inthe bank’s profitability is 88% due to a change in internal factors, while R-squared of Kuwait Bank, Capital Bank, ABC Bank and Arab Bank was 78%, 77%, 77%, and 77%, respectively, indicating that changes in the banks’ profitability were caused by internal factors. This is due to the bank loan ratio, where SGBJ’s ratio 48.6 and the bank loan rate were 79% of total assets. Kuwait Bank 29.1, so bank loan rate is 56% of total assets, Cairo Bank 36.3, ABC Bank 11.8, and Capital Bank 16.37; f-statistics of Alethad Bank, Invest Bank, Arab Invest Bank, Housing Bank, Ahli Bank, Commercial Bank, Cairo Bank, and Jordan Bank were 0.75, 2.17, 1.61, 2.48, 2.26, 3.25, and 2.72, respectively. This indicates that internal factors do not affect the profitability of these banks.

Impact of Information Systems on Innovation (Product Innovation, Process Innovation) - Field Study on the Housing Bank in Jordon

Impact of Information Systems on Innovation (Product Innovation, Process Innovation) - Field Study on the Housing Bank in Jordon

Investigating the Impact of Bank Housing Credit Risk Control Strategy by Blockchain Technology on the Household Consumption Plan.

It is essential to solve the problem of information asymmetry in bank housing credit management, thus reducing bank operating costs and credit risk. Therefore, the present work constructs a bank housing credit blockchain alliance system based on the technical characteristics of blockchain to strengthen bank housing credit risk control. First, according to blockchain's elements and system architecture, the application of blockchain to bank housing credit business is analyzed. On this basis, the bank housing credit risk control strategy is proposed. Finally, the mathematical model is used to investigate residents' household consumption to explore the impact of housing credit on the household consumption plan of residents. The results show that when the educational level of the head of household is illiterate or semi-illiterate, the coefficients of participation credit (PC), nonparticipation credit (NPC), and total samples (TSs) of total household consumption are −0.064, 0.067, and 0.174, respectively; when the educational level of the head of household is primary school or junior middle school, the coefficients of PC, NPC, and TS of total household consumption are -0.026, 0.017, and 0.105, respectively; when the educational level of the head of household is high school or above, the coefficients of PC, NPC, and TS of total household consumption are 0.084, 0.073, and 0.064, respectively. The results indicate that the education level of the head of household plays a crucial role in the family consumption plan. Those with a high educational level will compromise on the best consumption decision after constantly weighing the consumption motivation and consumption thinking after obtaining the credit funds. The content reported here is vitally significant in guiding households to clarify the proportion of credit fund distribution and understand their consumption tendency.