Class Hours Research Articles

Influential factors for medical students’ classroom concentration—evaluation with speech recognition and face recognition technology

Statement of the problemThe concentration of medical students in the classroom is important in promoting their mastery of knowledge. Multiple teaching characteristics, such as speaking speed, voice volume, and question use, are confirmed to be influential factors.PurposeThis research aims to analyze how teachers’ linguistic characteristics affect medical students’ classroom concentration based on a speech recognition toolkit and face recognition technology.Materials and methodsA speech recognition toolkit, WeNet, is used to recognize sentences during lectures in this study. Face recognition technology (FRT) is used to detect students’ concentration in class. The study involved 80 undergraduate students majoring in stomatology. The classroom videos of 5 class hours in the dental anatomy course were collected in October 2022. A quantitative research methodology is used in this study. Pearson correlation, Spearman correlation and multiple linear regression analyses were used to analyze the impact of time and teachers’ linguistic characteristics on students’ concentration.Results As a result of regression analysis, the explanatory power of the effect of the linguistic characteristics was 7.09% (F = 83.82, P < 0.001), with time, volume and question being significant influencing factors (P < 0.01). The local polynomial smooth of the scatter between the concentration degree and the use of questions with time appears to fluctuate cyclically and suggests a potential inverse relationship between the use of questions and the concentration degree.ConclusionsThe results of this study support the significant positive influence of volume and questioning technique, the negative influence of time, and the insignificant influence of speaking speed and the interval between sentences on students’ concentration. This study also suggested that teachers may adjust their questioning frequency based on their observation of students’ concentration.

지식재산 일반 교과를 통한 특허명세서 작성 교육의 시사점 및 개선 방안

Objectives This study scrutinizes the teaching of patent specification writing through the general intellectual property course, draws implications, and suggests ways to improve the 2022 curriculum. Methods This study was conducted in the following ways First, we compared and analyzed the documents of the general intellectual property curriculum of the 2015 and 2022 curricula to identify changes in the achievement standards related to patent specification writing education. Second, we systematically reviewed textbooks, teacher guides, and teaching and learning materials to investigate the content and methods of patent specification writing education in actual educational settings. Third, we analyzed the requirements of patent specification writing education and the differences between domestic and foreign countries by reviewing relevant laws and regulations such as the Patent Act and the Patent Act Enforcement Rules, and identifying international trends through overseas cases. Fourth, we verified the feasibility and effectiveness of patent specification writing education through generative AI by utilizing actual patent specification and Chet Giffity. Through this multifaceted analysis, we identified problems in the current patent specification writing education through general intellectual property courses and proposed improvement measures. Results The implications of patent specification writing education through general intellectual property courses are, first, that it does not fulfill both relevant performance standards and legal requirements. Second, there is a lack of consideration on the selection of invention ideas that are the subject of patent specification writing education. Third, the number of class hours required to teach patent specification writing through general intellectual property courses and the number of teachers to implement the program are insufficient. Conclusions To improve, first, all of the components of a patent specification should be available for writing. Second, it should be possible to protect student-generated invention ideas while broadening the scope of the patent specification. Third, generative AI can be utilized as an assistant teacher to solve the problem of lack of educational content, time, and teacher resources in patent specification writing education. If these improvements are applied and expanded, it is expected that the patent specification writing education through the general intellectual property curriculum in the 2022 curriculum will be more applicable in schools and have a significant educational effect on problem-solving and computational thinking skills.

EVALUATION OF STUDENTS' TRAINING LEVEL IN THE ELECTIVE DISCIPLINE "QUALITY SYSTEMS IN PHARMACY"

The pharmaceutical industry is rapidly developing and implementing new innovative approaches and legal regulation of the quality management system of medicinal products, which includes a set of methods, processes and resources that are necessary for quality management. Therefore, the study by students of the specialty 226 "Pharmacy, industrial pharmacy" of the elective discipline "Quality systems in pharmacy" is an important area of professional training of a qualified specialist who will master the methodology of quality management, normative-legislative and organizational-economic aspects of quality control of medicinal products at pharmaceutical enterprises. Training of domestic students in the field of drug technology is an important direction of pharmaceutical education today. The main tasks of studying the elective discipline "Quality Systems in Pharmacy" are: formation of students of higher education in general knowledge about the quality indicators of medicinal products according to the stage of their life cycle by fulfilling the requirements of proper pharmaceutical practices and developing documentation in accordance with their requirements; formation of practical skills; raising the level of general and scientific development of students of higher education, forming their outlook and perspective as modern qualified specialists in the field of pharmacy. The purpose of the work was to study the assessment of the level of training of domestic students in the elective discipline "Quality Systems in Pharmacy". Materials and methods. We used an empirical research method (questionnaire). Questionnaire was a key research method, as it allows to get answers from the student audience regarding the organization of the educational process. A survey was conducted to assess the level of preparation of domestic students of the 5th year of the Faculty of Pharmacy who completed the study of the selective discipline "Quality Systems in Pharmacy". 50 full-time students and 2 distance learning students took part in the survey. Out of all the respondents, only one studies on budget forms of education. Research results. According to the curriculum, the elective discipline "Quality Systems in Pharmacy" at the Faculty of Pharmacy of IFNMU is studied in the V course in the IX semester, at the stage when students have already acquired basic knowledge of pharmaceutical disciplines. The discipline is chosen by already formed specialists who possess a large stock of theoretical knowledge and practical skills and are motivated to study a new subject, so it remains for the teacher to systematize information for the proper conduct of the discipline study course. 3 ECTS credits are provided for the study of the discipline in the curriculum. The discipline includes 20 hours of lectures, 30 hours of practical classes, 40 hours of independent student work and ends with a module. Lecture and practical material taught at the level of modern scientific and practical data with the aim of forming students' program results. We conducted an analysis of problems in the organization of the educational process for students of the Faculty of Pharmacy of the Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University during full-time education. The success of implementing the selective discipline "Quality Systems in Pharmacy" and ensuring a high level of training depends primarily on the quality of the work of scientific and pedagogical workers.

The application effect of a new type of laparoscopic multi-freedom surgical instrument in the training of basic surgical skills

Objective: To evaluate the application effect of a new type of laparoscopic multi-degree-of-freedom surgical instrument in the training of basic surgical skills and analyze the learning curve. Methods: To analyze the teaching records of the trainees who received training in the training base of laparoscopic surgeons in Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital from January to October, 2023. The 50 trainees were randomly divided into conventional instrumentation group and new instrumentation group with 25 trainees in each group according to the random number table method before the training. According to the research design, five modules such as "accurate bean clamping, plum blossom pile bean clamping, ferrule positioning, threading with both hands, sewing and knotting" were trained. After the training, they were assessed and the completion time of each module was recorded. The comparison of the changes of the completion time of the two groups of students before and after training was statistically analyzed by differences-in-differences(DID) method, and the fitting analysis of learning curve was analyzed by cumulative summation method. Results: Before the training, there was no statistically significant difference in the time required to complete five modules between the two groups of trainees (all P>0.05). After the training, the time to complete the five modules in both groups was reduced compared to before the training (accurate bean clamping: (63.7±9.3) seconds vs. (85.4±18.2) seconds, t=2.38, P=0.035; plum blossom pile bean clamping: (45.2±6.8) seconds vs. (103.1±57.2) seconds, t=8.77, P=0.047; ring positioning: (78.5±19.1) seconds vs. (126.2±26.3) seconds, t=6.96, P=0.019; threading with both hands: (63.3±21.2) seconds vs. (105.8±27.9) seconds, t=3.43, P=0.015; sewing and knotting: (160.2±79.5) seconds vs. (228.9±96.6) seconds, t=4.58, P=0.008).The average time required to complete the five modules was shorter in the new instrument group compared to the conventional instrument group (DID for accurate bean clamping=37.66, t=2.43, P=0.007; DID for plum blossom pile bean clamping=58.42, t=3.03, P=0.013; DID for ferrule positioning=28.33, t=2.83, P=0.031; DID for threading with both hands=48.89, t=2.10, P=0.042; DID for sewing and knotting=54.78, t=3.57, P=0.012). In the learning curves for the plum blossom pile bean clamping, ferrule positioning, and sewing and knotting modules, the new instrument group required fewer class hours to reach proficiency compared to the conventional instrument group (plum blossom pile bean clamping: 3 class hours vs. 4 class hours; ferrule positioning: 4 class hours vs. 5 class hours; sewing and knotting: 3 class hours vs. 5 class hours). In the accurate bean clamping and threading with both hands modules, both the conventional and new instrument groups crossed the learning curve at the 5th class hour, but there was a statistically significant difference in the slopes of the curves between the two groups (accurate bean clamping: t=-2.85,P=0.004; threading with both hands:t=-2.66,P=0.008). Conclusion: The new type of laparoscopic multi-degree-of-freedom surgical instruments can improve the learning effect and shorten the learning curve in laparoscopic training teaching, which shows good application effect and has the potential of clinical trial.

The Effect of Project-Based Stem Education Approach on Academic Achievement and Stem Career Interests in Science

The aim of this study is to determine the effect of the project-based STEM learning method prepared in accordance with the Science and Technology course curriculum on academic achievement and STEM Career Interest levels. Pre-test post-test control group experimental design was used in the study. In this context, the sample of the study consisted of 52 (n=26 experimental and n=27 control) volunteer 6th grade students studying in two different branches at Karatay Secondary School in Karatay district of Konya province in the second semester of 2021-2022 academic year. A placement test was administered in order to determine the branches in which the study would be conducted. According to the results of the exam, volunteer students studying in the closest level branches were included in the study. The students in the experimental group were taught according to the project-based STEM learning method prepared according to the outcomes of the Support and Motion System, Force and Motion, Sound Insulation, Thermal Insulation units for 64 lesson hours. The students in the control group were taught the above-mentioned units by the same instructor according to the existing program for 64 class hours. Both experimental and control group students were administered the skills-based academic achievement and STEM Career Interest Scale prepared by the Ministry of National Education as pre-test and post-test. The data obtained from the pre-test and post-test applications were evaluated in SPSS 26.0 package program. In the statistical analysis, it was found that there was a statistically significant difference between the students in the experimental and control groups in favor of the students in the experimental group (p&lt;0.05). According to the findings obtained from the statistical analysis, it was concluded that the project-based STEM teaching method in science education increased the level of academic achievement and interest in STEM professions. Based on this result, it is predicted that students' academic achievement levels can increase with the more frequent use of project-based STEM learning method in science education by teachers

Increasing Interest In Reading Through the School Literacy Movement Program in Class IV State Elementary School 27 Pontianak Timur

This study aims to determine the implementation of GLS in Class IV State Elementary School Negeri 27 East Pontianak through the application of GLS principles and its impact on students' interest in reading. The research method used was descriptive qualitative with data collection techniques of observation, interview and documentation. The results showed that the implementation of GLS at Class IV State Elementary School Negeri 27 East Pontianak was carried out through reading habit 15 minutes before lessons, providing reading materials at school, teachers giving reading examples, and students forming reading study groups. However, the utilization of technology in GLS has not been maximized. The positive impact of GLS on students' reading interest is characterized by an increase in the number of library visits and students actively reading outside of class hours. Lack of facilities such as a narrow reading room is an obstacle. Based on the results of the study, strategies are needed to improve the implementation of GLS through the utilization of technology and improvement of supporting facilities. This aims to realize a sustainable literacy culture at Class IV State Elementary School Negeri 27 East Pontianak.

Cognitive health outcomes of fundamental motor skill applications in children through cooperative learning method

BackgroundPrevious research has suggests that cooperative learning methods and the development of fundamental motor skills support children's cognitive development, and further studies covering various aspects are recommended. In this study, as an alternative to traditional physical education classes including fundamental motor skill activities, we investigated the impact of cooperative learning methods incorporating these skills on children's visual-motor integration and selective attention.MethodsA total of 60 boy children in the 10–11 age range were included in the study. Groups; classical method (10.95 ± 0.58age), and cooperative learning group (10.91 ± 0.42age). The study spanned a total of 24 physical education class hours. While the classical method group continued to attend physical education lessons with an FMS-based prepared program for 8 weeks, cooperative learning group participated in an FMS-based program prepared according to the cooperative learning method (40min/3days/8weeks).At the beginning and end of the study, children underwent the Bender-Gestalt test and the d2 test of attention.ResultsWithin-group pre-post test comparisons revealed improvement in visual-motor integration and selective attention for both the classical method and cooperative learning groups. In between-group post-test comparisons, the cooperative learning group demonstrated greater improvement in visual-motor integration and selective attention parameters compared to the classical method.ConclusionThe results support increasing the inclusion of fundamental motor skill activities in physical education classes and advocating for the use of cooperative learning methods in these classes. Enhancements in visual-motor integration and selective attention may contribute to children forming quality relationships, enjoying activities, learning stress management, and developing as a group.

그림책을 활용한 초등학교 1학년 한글 교육에 대한 교사의 경험

The purpose of this study is to investigate educational values and possibilities of application by analyzing teacher’s experiences in teaching Hangeul using picture books to first grade elementary school students. The participant is teacher A working at Seoul B Elementary School. This study conducted the procedures of curriculum analysis, picture book selection, and making Hangeul lesson plans using picture books from February 20th to March 31st, 2023, and implemented lessons for a total of 16 times from April 3rd to May 19th, June 12th to June 27th, 2023. Data were collected and analyzed qualitative data such as interviews, teacher journals, activity results, and photos. The results are as follows. The teacher experienced lessons that had students focused regardless of their individual differences, were playful rather than academic, facilitated voluntary reading and writing, had the teacher fun and excitement, had fellow teachers want to apply lessons and required sufficient number of class hours and assistants. In conclusion, this study is meaningful in that Hangeul education using picture books has educational significance to both teachers and students and it is a practical and effective teaching-learning method in school.

ANALISIS KESULITAN MENYIMAK SISWA KELAS III DENGAN PENGGUNAAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN AUDIO VISUAL

Difficulty in listening is a difficulty in understanding what they are listening to and this difficulty in listening can be an obstacle during learning in class, because students can miscapture information or perceptions. This study aims to find out the difficulties of listening experienced by students using audio visual learning media. The research method used is qualitative descriptive. The subjects studied were grade III students of SDN Tanah Tinggi 7 Tangerang. The data collection technique uses test sheets, observation sheets, and interview sheets. The results showed that the causes of students' difficulty listening were students feeling bored, having difficulty concentrating, experiencing visual impairment problems, lack of understanding of listening vocabulary, students being noisy and unsettled when approaching the time to go home, lack of interest in fairy tales, dark room conditions and class hours that started too early. This is based on the internal factors of the student, namely from within the student himself and external factors, namely from the physical and social environment around the student.

How do physical fitness, nutritional status, and self-concept affect student learning outcomes in physical education with a focus on health and hygiene education?

This study explores how physical fitness, nutritional status, and self-concept influence Physical Education (PE) learning outcomes at State Junior High School 13 Padang. Using a quantitative correlational approach, the research involved 58 students sampled from a population of 160. Data were gathered through physical fitness tests, Body Mass Index (BMI) measurements, self-concept questionnaires, and final PE grades. The results revealed that physical fitness contributes 5.18%, nutritional status contributes 6.78%, and self-concept contributes 9.33% to PE learning outcomes. Together, these factors explain 21.07% of the variance in students' PE performance. The analysis showed that each of these variables plays a significant role in shaping students' success in PE. To address the issues identified and enhance learning outcomes, the study recommends increasing the number of PE class hours, introducing school-based nutritional programs to improve students' diets, and developing initiatives to boost students' self-esteem and motivation. By focusing on these areas, schools can better support students' physical and psychological well-being, leading to improved educational outcomes in PE. This approach aims to provide a more holistic improvement in students' physical education, addressing both physical and mental aspects to foster better overall performance. Further research could examine the effectiveness of these interventions and their impact on broader educational goals.

Psychological well-being and emotional intelligence in undergraduate nursing students as predictors of academic success

BackgroundAcademic performance is influenced by a complex interplay of multiple factors whose relationships often do not follow straightforward patterns. Despite extensive research, understanding of these dynamics remains inconclusive. In particular, several studies highlight that higher emotional intelligence is associated with better academic outcomes and that people with elevated levels of psychological well-being also tend to achieve higher grades. ObjectiveThis study examines the associations between emotional intelligence, psychological well-being and academic performance among undergraduate nursing students. Specifically, it seeks to deepen our understanding of how emotional intelligence affects academic achievement, with psychological well-being potentially serving as a mediator. DesignA cross-sectional correlational design was employed. SettingsThe study involved a convenience sample of undergraduate nursing students from various degree programmes affiliated with the primary author. Participants394 undergraduate nursing students participated in the study, 249 identified as female and 145 as male. MethodsParticipants completed a quantitative survey during class hours, providing data on demographics, academic average scores and self-report measures of perceived emotional intelligence and psychological well-being. Data were evaluated using Pearson's correlations and serial multiple mediation analyses. ResultsThe findings revealed significant positive relationships between emotional intelligence, psychological well-being and academic performance. Serial mediation assessments indicated that dimensions of emotional intelligence influence academic performance both directly and indirectly through psychological well-being. Specifically, flourishing partially mediated the relationship between emotional intelligence and academic performance, directly influencing academic outcomes. ConclusionsThis study underscores the critical role of emotional management skills in academic performance, with psychological well-being acting as a partial mediator in this relationship. Consequently, undergraduate nursing students with enhanced emotional management abilities and higher levels of psychological well-being are likely to achieve better academic outcomes.

What are the languages in my school? Pre-service teachers’ decisions when designing ideal schools in the Basque context

ABSTRACT This paper analyzes how future educators would design their ideal school in the context of the Basque Country, with particular attention put on language planning and language teaching aspects. More specifically, we focus on the ideas about the languages to be included in the curriculum, the modes of inclusion of students’ home languages and the language policies they would establish in their ideal schools. For that purpose, pre-service teachers’ (N = 56) written reflective tasks were analyzed through thematic analysis. Findings show that these future teachers would ideally design Basque immersion schools, with an increase of English-medium class hours, and would include mainly hegemonic majority languages such as German and French as optional foreign languages. Students overall show multicultural awareness and would include students’ home languages in their schools, although the ways to do so are rather superficial. Concerning language policy, students show divergent views on the use of L1 or the exclusive use of the target language in language learning.

Development of an evidence-based nursing practice course framework for undergraduate nursing students from a perspective of academic-practice partnerships: A Delphi study

AimTo develop an evidence-based nursing practice course framework for undergraduate nursing students from a perspective of academic-practice partnerships. BackgroundAcademic-practice partnerships could play a crucial role in bridging theory-practice gap in evidence-based nursing education. However, there is a lack of evidence-based nursing practice course framework for undergraduate nursing students from a perspective of academic-practice partnerships. DesignA Delphi study. MethodsThe Delphi study was conducted by literature analysis, qualitative interview and Delphi expert consultation to develop this course framework. 15 and 12 experts were involved in round one and round two of Delphi expert consultation, respectively. The consensus threshold of two-round Delphi expert consultation was described by expert's positive coefficient (≥ 50 %), positive coefficient (≥ 70 %), expert authority coefficient (≥ 0.7), coefficient of variation (<0.25) and full score frequency (>20 %). ResultsThe final course framework includes learning objectives (17 items); teaching chapters of theoretical classes (five items); teaching contents (30 items), methods (12 items) and class hours (9 items) of theoretical classes; and the responsibilities of academic teachers (11 items) and clinical teachers (11 items) in practical classes. ConclusionThe course framework developed by this study could provide guidance for evidence-based nursing education of undergraduate nursing students. The effectiveness of this course framework should be verified through further experimental studies in the future.

The Influence of Physical Fitness, Motor Skills, and Learning Motivation on Cartwheel Skills in Physical Education

Background Problems: During the observation, many students were unable to perform cartwheel skills. This research is important so that students can pass the minimum completion criteria so that their physical education learning outcomes are not low. Research Objectives: This study aims to determine the factors that influence the skills of cartwheel. Methods: This type of research is quantitative. The population amounted to 392 students in class XI. The technique used to obtain the sample is simple random sampling using the slovin formula with an error rate of 10%. Based on this, the sample amounted to 80 students. The physical fitness test instrument used the Indonesian Student Fitness Test, the motor ability test instrument used the Barrow Motor Ability Test, the learning motivation data was collected using a questionnaire, and the cartwheel skill data used an observation sheet which contained the criteria for implementing the cartwheel movement. Path analysis was used as a data analysis technique. Finding/Results: The results of the study consist of: 1. Physical fitness and motor skills have a significant influence on cartwheel skills. 2. Learning motivation has no significant effect directly on cartwheel skills. 3. Physical fitness indirectly through learning motivation has no significant effect on cartwheel skills. 4. Motor ability indirectly through learning motivation has no significant effect on cartwheel skills. Conclusion: Physical fitness and motor skills have a significant influence on cartwheel skills. Students need to do it outside of PJOK class hours. For Further Researchers Conduct research on other gymnastic movements.

Pelaksanaan Layanan Informasi dalam Meningkatkan Self Management Siswa dalam Belajar di SMP Budi Agung Medan

A guidance and counseling teacher or supervisor is responsible for his students at the school, especially regarding students' lack of discipline towards school regulations, the guidance and counseling teacher must provide services to students who often make mistakes against themselves, therefore the aim of the guidance and counseling teacher there is to provide information services in improving Self Management of students there, not just for students who discipline, guidance and counseling teachers provide information services to all students at school to form behavior that is in accordance with what has been arranged to achieve something good and expected at Budi Agung Middle School Medan. The type of research that researchers use is qualitative research or field research. In this research, researchers conducted interviews with guidance and counseling teachers as key informants. And 8 students who experienced disciplinary problems as data triangulation, as well as the head of student affairs, and the student's homeroom teacher. The results of the research found that the basic consideration for guidance and counseling teachers in providing information services is to develop students' disciplinary behavior because there are still students who have less disciplined behavior such as often coming late, skipping classes, not doing assignments, often going out during class hours and not dressing neatly. The time used by guidance and counseling teachers is during special guidance and counseling lessons every week and can be used during free hours or when other subject teachers are not available. And the duration of time used by the guidance and counseling teachers themselves is approximately 30 minutes to carry out information services. The places where it is implemented are in the classroom, outside the classroom, in the hall and in applications such as Google Met and Zoom. Information service materials to develop student discipline behavior include self-discipline, clean and healthy lifestyle, and leadership spirit. At the time of implementation, students who had received information services were very active in paying attention to what was conveyed and enthusiastic in giving their opinions and understanding what was conveyed by the guidance and counseling teacher regarding the services delivered after being given the information service. If there were still students who had not changed, then the guidance and counseling teacher would individual counseling services to the student. After providing individual services, if the student has not changed, the guidance and counseling teacher will hand the student over to the head of student affairs for further follow-up.

Ensino religioso nas escolas públicas: origem e desenvolvimento do projeto católico

The article presents the religious education project of the Catholic Church in reaction to republican secularism in Brazil. After successive approaches, this project was decreed for the entire country in 1931 and incorporated by the Federal Constitution of 1934: elementary, secondary, professional and teaching schools should offer religious education during class hours, optional for students. Starting with the 1988 Constitution, dissent in the Catholic segment intended to replace the confrontation with a hegemonic dispute within the educational field, in the context of a religious field undergoing profound and rapid change. Different legal norms, originating from different demands, defined this discipline in divergent modalities, confessional and non-confessional. Originating from the religious field, the conflict was installed in the educational field, with no prospect of a solution.

Gambaran Self-Esteem Siswa SMA dan Implikasinya dalam Pelayanan Konseling

This study is motivated by students who cannot express their opinions, cannot accept their strengths and weaknesses and have difficulty interacting with friends and the irenvironment, feel inferior to their body shape, different skin color compared to their friends and during class hours students do not dare to express their opinions in front of the class because they are not confident. This study aims to describe the description of self-esteem at SMAN 1 2X11 Enam Lingkung. This type of research is quantitative with a descriptive approach. The population of this study was 694 students at SMAN 1 2X11 Enam Lingkung in the 2024/2025 school year and a sample of 328 students taken through proportional random sampling technique. Data collection in this study used a Likert scale, namely a self-esteem questionnaire that has been tested for validity with the Pearson correlation formula (0.355). The data in this study were processed with descriptive statistical analysis techniques. The results of this study indicate that the self-esteem of students at SMAN 1 2X11 Enam Lingkung as a wholeis in themoderate category (65.24). Based on the results of this study, counseling teachers can provide assistance to improve students' self-esteem in the form of information services, content mastery services and group guidance services.

Exploration of Blended Teaching Mode in Python Programming Course

Python is a free, cross-platform, easily extensible, and concise programming language, as well as a suitable tool for data analysis, mining, and visualization. In response to the teaching situation of Python programming courses with strong practical experience, limited class hours, and differences in student levels, various teaching methods such as online learning, group projects, and case teaching are integrated to enable students to acquire more comprehensive knowledge and skills in their learning. The practical results show that blended teaching mode helps promote teachers' auxiliary "teaching" and students' active "learning", effectively stimulates students' learning interest, cultivates their practical application ability and teamwork ability, and achieves good teaching results.

The clinical pharmacology and therapeutics course for graduating medical students at Dartmouth: Preparation for internship and residency.

This manuscript is a description of the clinical pharmacology and therapeutics (CPT) course that is required to be taken, and passed, by all medical students at the Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth during their final year of training, prior to entering their internship/residency. We present a detailed CPT course curriculum, which includes the novel use of simulated expected professional activities (EPAs) and an analysis of the level of confidence the students who took the course had at the beginning and at the end of the course in performing the three simulated EPAs. The course currently consists of 31 h of presentations on what are considered major clinical pharmacology topics and is led by two clinical pharmacologists at Dartmouth (D.W.N. and L.D.L.) supplementedby therapeutic area specialist faculty. In addition, the Dartmouth CPT course incorporates three required simulated entrustable professional activities (EPAs) focused on drug prescribing. These are written exercises, completed outside scheduled class hours, and submitted to and evaluated by the course directors with individual feedback to each medical student. We present preliminary data on the benefits of using these simulated EPAs in undertaking what we consider are three pivotal prescribing skills. The Dartmouth CPT course is unique and is only mirrored by a small number of US medical schools. The students showed a significant improvement in their level of confidence in performing the three simulated EPAs at the end of the course.

Analysis of the Implementation of the Tahfizh Program at State Islamic Senior High School 1 Pasaman

The development of the tahfizh program in schools has not been fully successful in achieving its targets, and many have even failed. This study aims to analyze how the implementation of the tahfizh program is carried out at Madrasah Aliyah Negeri 1 Pasaman. This study uses method qualitative with approach descriptive. Data sources were taken from twelve informants through in-depth interviews selected using the snowball sampling technique , all informants were active teachers and students at Madrasah Aliyah Negeri 1 Pasaman in the 2023/2024 academic year. The results of the analysis show i) the planning of the tahfizh program at Madrasah Aliyah Negeri 1 Pasaman, such as the Learning Implementation Plan (RPP) exists and is made at the beginning of each semester with the K13 type. ii) the implementation of the tahfizh program at Madrasah Aliyah Negeri 1 Pasaman is carried out once a week with a time allocation of two hours outside of structured class hours. iii) evaluation of the implementation of the tahfizh program is carried out at the end of each semester and is only carried out by the curriculum representative and tahfizh teacher. iv) related to the obstacles that occur in the implementation of the program consisting of student factors, teacher factors, environmental factors, time factors, and infrastructure factors. The results of this study can be used as initial data for subsequent researchers in examining this problem in different contexts and issues.