Hours Of Evaluation Research Articles

Comprehensive evaluation of satellite-based precipitation products at hourly scale in Beijing

With the increase of short-duration rainstorms, accurate precipitation data with higher temporal resolution, such as hours or even minutes, has been required for urban hydrological modeling and forecasting. As a potential data source, hourly or half-hour satellite-based precipitation products (SPPs) perform differently in different metropolitan regions, so evaluation is necessary before their application. Based on the observations of 20 meteorological stations from 2015 to 2018 over a typical metropolitan region, Beijing, a comprehensive evaluation of four widely used SPPs at hourly scale was conducted. Results showed that IMERG and GSMaP had the best performance, followed by CMORPH, while PERSIANN performed worst at hourly scale; it was suggested to use data series composed of wet hours for evaluation at hourly scale with more consistent spatial distribution characteristics and reliable results; IMERG, GSMaP and CMORPH performed better during 9:00–12:00 for accuracy and 5:00–9:00 and 20:00–21:00 for detection capability while PERSIANN didn't show obvious diurnal variation. In addition, the short-duration extreme precipitation in Beijing was defined as an event with an hourly precipitation >20 mm. Overall, hourly or half-hour SPPs still need a lot of progress and our study would provide some significant references for developers and potential users.

Impact of Incorporating Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs) into Collagen-PU-PEG Hydrogels for Superior Antibacterial Efficacy in Severe Wounds

Wound healing is a complex process often hindered by microbial infections, particularly in severe wounds like diabetic ulcers and burns. Collagen-based hydrogels offer potential solutions but lack mechanical support and antibacterial properties. This study explores the incorporation of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) into Collagen-Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) hydrogels crosslinked with polyurethane (PU) for enhanced wound healing. The hydrogels, labeled CPEG-Ag, revealed a dense fibrillar structure resulting from an interconnected matrix; they exhibited superabsorbent swelling capacity (up to 2100%), which increased with AgNPs content from 0 to 5 wt.%, with no significant effects on the crosslinking (%). FTIR spectroscopy demonstrated the formation of a semi-interpenetrating polymeric network, chemically linked by urea bonds and physically by hydrogen bond interactions. In vitro cell viability studies showed non-cytotoxic effects on monocytes and fibroblast cells, with the former displaying the best metabolic activity after 48 hours of evaluation, while the latter exhibited high proliferation during the first 24 hours, indicating the safe use of CPEG-Ag hydrogels. The effective antibacterial activity against Gram-negative bacteria, E. coli, was also studied, demonstrating that even low contents of AgNPs are sufficient for significant bacterial inhibition. These results highlight the potential of CPEG-Ag hydrogels for wound dressings, especially in complex wounds, and pave the way for future tissue regeneration applications.

Activity of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis - Family: Lamiaceae) essential oil compared to peracetic acid in Listeria monocytogenes biofilms

The objective of this study was to evaluate the activity of Rosmarinus officinalis essential oil (EO) compared to peracetic acid (PA) regarding formation and elimination of Listeria monocytogenes biofilms on polystyrene surface. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined according to standard protocol. Isolates were inoculated according to MIC standards polystyrene plate wells, which were then incubated at 37°C/96 hours for evaluation of biofilm formation. Regarding the evaluation of biofilm elimination, the biofilms were treated under MIC for 10 minutes. The MIC obtained were 2.0 and 3.0 mg mL-1 for EO and 0,015% for PA. Therefore, the results showed a reduction in the formation of biofilm with the presence of EO and PA, EO being more efficient (p < 0.05). Both compounds had a good capacity of eliminating biofilms, however the EO reduced the biofilm formation when compared to PA, highlighting its potential as an antibacterial agent and antibiofilm.

OR21-1 The PaTH Forward Trial: Efficacy and Safety of TransCon PTH Through Week 84 for Adults With Hypoparathyroidism

Abstract Background Hypoparathyroidism is a rare disease characterized by deficiency of parathyroid hormone (PTH), resulting in abnormal mineral homeostasis. Conventional therapy (active vitamin D and calcium) targets short-term symptoms, but fails to restore normal PTH physiology, and may lead to complications such as nephrolithiasis, nephrocalcinosis, and renal insufficiency. TransCon PTH is an investigational long-acting prodrug of PTH(1-34) dosed once-daily for the treatment of adults with hypoparathyroidism. In the phase 2 PaTH Forward trial of TransCon PTH, 82% of participants achieved independence from conventional therapy at Week 4, a trend observed through Week 26 and 58. Here we report the Week 84 results from PaTH Forward trial. Methods The phase 2 PaTH Forward trial is a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, 4-week clinical trial with an open-label extension (OLE) period planned through Week 214. Participants received 4 weeks fixed dose of TransCon PTH (15, 18, or 21 mcg/d) or placebo co-administered with conventional therapy, followed by an OLE period during which TransCon PTH dose was titrated to maintain normocalcemia. Efficacy assessments at Week 84 included levels of 24-hour urine calcium (uCa) and sCa and independence from conventional therapy (defined as taking no active vitamin D and ≤600 mg calcium). After Week 58, a subset of 12 participants had frequent blood and urine sampling over 24 hours for evaluation of pharmacodynamic effect on sCa and uCa level and active PTH pharmacokinetic assessment (PD/PK substudy). Results Fifty-eight of 59 participants continued in the trial through Week 84. The average dose of TransCon PTH at Week 84 was 22.8 mcg/d. Fifty-four of 58 participants (93%) at Week 84 achieved independence from conventional therapy. Baseline mean 24-hour uCa was above normal (428 mg/24-hour) but normalized at Week 26 (173 mg/24-hour), and sustained through Week 58 (144 mg/24-hour), and Week 84 (131 mg/24-hour). Average values for sCa baseline were 8.8 mg/dL and remained in normal range at Weeks 26 (8.9 mg/dL), 58 (8.5 mg/dL) and 84 (8.5 mg/dL). The majority of adverse events (AE) were mild and unrelated to study drug; no serious AEs were reported. No AEs led to discontinuation of the study drug, nor from the trial. In the PD/PK substudy, mean sCa and uCa levels were stable in the normal range at all time points. Active PTH levels reflected steady physiologic exposure throughout the 24-hour period. Conclusion Week 84 results from the PaTH Forward trial investigating TransCon PTH for adults with hypoparathyroidism showed continued independence from conventional therapy for 93% of participants and maintenance of normal sCa and 24-hour uCa. Results from the PD/PK substudy demonstrated 24-hour stability of sCa and uCa levels and confirm infusion-like PK profile in a population of adults with hypoparathyroidism. TransCon PTH was generally well-tolerated through Week 84. Presentation: Monday, June 13, 2022 11:00 a.m. - 11:15 a.m.

Learning of Intracorporal Knot Tying in Minimally Invasive Surgery by Video or Expert Instruction.

Minimally invasive surgery skill laboratories are indispensable in training, especially for complex procedural skills such as intracorporal suturing and knot tying (ICKT). However, maintaining a laboratory is expensive, and specially trained teachers are in short supply. During the COVID-19 pandemic, in-person instruction has reduced to almost zero, while model learning via video instruction (VID) has become an integral part of medical education. The aim of this study was to compare the learning effectiveness and efficiency of ICKT by laparoscopically inexperienced medical students through video versus direct expert instruction. A secondary analysis of two randomized controlled trials was performed. We drew data from students who were trained in ICKT with expert instruction (EXP, n = 30) and from students who were trained via VID, n = 30). A laparoscopic box trainer including laparoscope was used for ICKT. Objective Structured Assessment of Technical Skills (OSATS), knot quality, and total ICKT time were the parameters for the assessment in this study. Proficiency criteria were also defined for these parameters. Students in the EXP group performed significantly better in OSATS-procedure-specific checklist (PSC) and knot quality compared with students in the VID group, with no difference in task time. Of the students who reached the proficiency criteria for OSATS-PSC and knot quality, those in the EXP group required fewer attempts to do so than those in the VID group. Students in both groups improved significantly in all parameters over the first hour of evaluation. For the laparoscopically inexperienced, training in ICKT through expert instruction presents an advantage compared with video-based self-study in the form of faster understanding of the procedure and the associated consistent implementation of good knot quality. Both teaching methods significantly improved participants' ICKT skills.

PSVII-9 Effects of Roughage Level on Animal Behavior in Nelore Cattle Receiving a High Concentrate Diet Under Tropical Conditions

Abstract Roughage levels have an important role in high concentrate diets. Also, Nelore cattle are the main breed produced in Brazil. The goal of this study was to evaluate the effects of roughage levels on Nelore behavior. Nelore Bulls (n = 20) with body weight of 420 kg ± 45 kg were used in this study, receiving 5 finishing diets with different roughage levels for 105 days. The diets were composed by corn silage, ground corn, soybean meal, citrus pulp, urea, potassium chloride and premix. During each 21-day period of the finishing diet, roughage levels were decreased. The first diet had 15% of NDF from forage, followed by 12%, 9%, 6% and 3% on DM basis. On 14 th of each period, animal behavior events were measured by 4 different people during 24 hours of evaluation. The variables recorded were resting time, chewing time, rumination time and meal events. During every 10 minutes, animal behavior data of the 20 Nelore bulls were collected. Furthermore, we used a polynomial regression by proc mixed in SAS. The rumination time was decreased when there was the reduction of roughage level. It was a linear effect P< 0.0001, starting from 369 minutes and 50 seconds (15% of NDF from forage) to to 129 minutes and 50 seconds (3% NDF from Forage). For resting time the outcome experienced was different, including 955 minutes of resting to the treatment with 15% NDF to 1,119 minutes to the lowest roughage level treatment, P< 0.0001. Regarding chewing time, there was a linear effect when the greatest chewing time was obtained to the diet with greatest roughage level ,15% NDF from Forage, P< 0.0001. there was no effect of roughage level on meal events, P > 0.0001. Thereby, the rumination time as well as chewing time may be helpful to the animal wellness in high concentrate diets.

Effect of Prearrival Orders on Time to Antibiotics for Immunocompromised Oncology Patients Presenting to the Emergency Department With Fever.

Pediatric cancer patients with fever are at risk for invasive bacterial infection. The administration of antibiotics to these patients within the first hour of evaluation is viewed as a quality of care metric with potential to improve outcome. We sought to evaluate the impact of prearrival patient orders on the timeliness of antibiotic administration for this patient population presenting to the emergency department (ED) because of fever. A single-site pediatric ED intervention study was performed. Four hundred thirty-nine consecutively referred febrile immunocompromised pediatric oncology patients were included in the study. The intervention used structured monthly messages sent to oncology and emergency medicine providers highlighting specific roles in prehospital communication and in ED-based care emphasizing the use of standardized, prearrival order (PAO) sets. Primary outcome measures were time to antibiotic administration (TTA) and the proportions of patients receiving PAO placement and antibiotics within 60 minutes of ED arrival. Results were analyzed for the preintervention (September 2016-July 2017), intervention (August 2017-February 2018), and postintervention (March-December 2018) periods. Improvements occurred across the study periods in the proportion of patients with PAO placement (preintervention, 68%; intervention, 82%; postintervention, 87%; P = 0.001) as well as in the percentages of patients receiving antibiotics in less than 60 minutes (preintervention, 73%; intervention, 84%; postintervention, 85%; P = 0.02). Median TTA decreased from 48 to 40 minutes ( P = 0.018). Linear regression with TTA as a dependent variable revealed that PAO placement predicted a shorter TTA, decreasing by more than 15 minutes ( B = -15.90; [95% confidence interval, -20.03--11.78]; P < 0.001). Standardizing elements of prehospital communication and ED-based care using PAO sets resulted in significant improvements in time to antibiotics and in the proportion of febrile immunocompromised oncology patients receiving antibiotics within 60 minutes of ED arrival.

Comparison of the Antifungal Efficacy of Four Concentrations of Minthostachys mollis (Muña) Essential Oil against Candida albicans: An In Vitro Study

This paper aims to compare the antifungal efficacy of four concentrations of Minthostachys mollis essential oil (MEO) against Candida albicans ATCC 10231. This study was conducted in vitro. Ten kilograms of M. mollis (Muña) were collected in the city of Tarma, Peru. The plant was then dried in the shade at room temperature (21°C), and the essential oil was obtained through distillation. C. albicans ATCC 10231 was cultured at a MacFarland scale of 0.5, which corresponds to a concentration of 3 × 108 CFU/mL. Each plate was filled with one of the four MEO concentrations (25, 50, 75, or 100%), dimethyl sulfoxide (negative control), or fluconazole (positive control), a known antifungal agent. After incubation, each plate was examined using the Kirby-Bauer method. Compared to MEO 25%, MEO 50%, and MEO 75%, MEO 100% had the highest antifungal efficacy at 24, 48, and 72 hours of evaluation, with an average of 18.9 ± 0.7, 18.2 ± 0.7, and 17.0 ± 0.4 mm, respectively. However, fluconazole had higher efficacy (27.9 ± 0.5, 27.5 ± 0.5, and 23.7 ± 0.7 mm, respectively). Post hoc analysis showed that there were significant differences between all concentrations of the MEO groups and their respective positive and negative control groups (p <0.001). Among the MEO groups, the pure concentration (MEO 100%) had the highest antifungal efficacy. However, fluconazole presented greater efficacy, and the differences were statistically significant. This research allowed to know the efficacy of this natural resource against one of the most prevalent fungi in the oral cavity. Therefore, a line of research could be opened to deepen its potential benefits for oral health.

Clinical and laboratory evaluation of premature goat kids with and without antenatal corticotherapy

ABSTRACT: This article evaluated the vital parameters, blood gas measurements, cortisol values and radiological findings of goat kids born at term and prematurely during the first 48 hours of life. For this purpose, 24 kids from 24 goats were used and assigned to groups as follows: Group I, eight kids born through cesarean sections performed at 149 days of gestation; Group II, eight kids born through cesarean sections performed at 143 days of gestation; Group III, eight kids born through cesarean sections performed at 143 days of gestation, whose mothers received 20 mg of dexamethasone. Group I had lower heart rate values than the other groups at 60 minutes after birth. In terms of temperature, there was no difference between the groups. The pH values were reduced shortly after birth, rising at 24 and 48 hours in all animals studied. In terms of the cortisol levels, the values increased significantly at birth (M0), with the highest values obtained in animals in group II. These values decreased at 48 hours after birth in the evaluated goats. The animals belonging to group I showed better radiographic aspects, and throughout the 48 hours of evaluation, all newborns exhibited adequate respiratory adaptation. It can be concluded that antenatal dexamethasone administered at 143 days of gestation did not influence neonatal viability, metabolic or radiographic parameters. The metabolic changes found are consistent with the extrauterine adaptation period that animals in this stage of life.

Allergic Contact Dermatitis to Temporary Black Henna Tattoo Due to Sensitization to Para-Phenylenediamine

The fashion for temporary “black henna tattoo” is becoming increasingly more common among young adults and teens. An adolescent case with itching, erythema, edema, and inflammatory discharge on the right forearm two days after a temporary tattoo application is presented in this report. To determine the contact sensitizer, a patch test was performed one month after the end of the treatment. A bullous strong positive reaction (3+) was observed against para-phenylenediamine at the 48th and 72nd hours of evaluation after the application. Despite the common belief that henna tattoo application is harmless, the ingredients used in henna tattoo especially para-phenylenediamine can lead to allergenic reactions that can even be severe.Keywords: Adolescent, contact dermatitis, para-phenylenediamine

Adding Dexmedetomidine to Bupivacaine in Ultrasound-guided Thoracic Paravertebral Block for Pain Management after Upper Abdominal Surgery: A Double-blind Randomized Controlled Trial.

BackgroundParavertebral blocks are one of the possible postoperative pain management modalities after laparotomy. Adjuvants to local anesthetics, including alpha agonists, have been shown to lead to better pain relief and increased duration of analgesia.ObjectivesThe aim of this study is to examine the effect of adding dexmedetomidine to bupivacaine for ultrasound-guided paravertebral blocks in laparotomy.MethodsIn this double-blind, randomized controlled trial (RCT), we enrolled 42 patients scheduled for T6 to T8 thoracic paravertebral block (TPVB) for analgesia after laparotomy. The patients were randomly assigned into two groups of BD (bupivacaine 2.5 mg/mL 20 mL plus dexmedetomidine 100 µg) and B (bupivacaine 20 mL alone). Following surgery, intravenous fentanyl patient-controlled analgesia was initiated. The numerical rating scale (NRS) for pain, sedation score, total analgesic consumption, time to first analgesic requirement, side effects (such as nausea and vomiting), respiratory depression, and patients’ satisfaction during the first 48 hours of evaluation were compared in the two groups.ResultsPain scores and mean total analgesic consumption at the first 48 hours in the BD group were significantly lower than Group B (P = 0.03 and P < 0.001, respectively). The time of first analgesic request was significantly longer in BD group (P < 0.001). Sedation scores and side effects did not differ significantly between the two groups.ConclusionsAdding dexmedetomidine to bupivacaine for TPVB after laparotomy yielded better postoperative pain management without significant complications.

Oxygenated machine perfusion at room temperature as an alternative for static cold storage in porcine donor hearts

BackgroundThere is a continued interest in ex situ heart perfusion as an alternative strategy for donor heart preservation. We hypothesize that oxygenated machine perfusion of donor hearts at a temperature that avoids both normothermia and deep hypothermia offers adequate and safe preservation.MethodsCardioplegia‐arrested porcine donor hearts were randomly assigned to six hours of preservation using cold storage (CS, n = 5) or machine perfusion using an oxygenated acellular perfusate at 21°C (MP, n = 5). Subsequently, all grafts were evaluated using the Langendorff method for 120 min. Metabolic parameters and histology were analyzed. Systolic function was assessed by contractility and elastance. Diastolic function was assessed by lusitropy and stiffness.ResultsFor both groups, in vivo baseline and post‐Langendorff biopsies were comparable, as were lactate difference and myocardial oxygen consumption. Injury markers gradually increased and were comparable. Significant weight gain was seen in MP (p = 0.008). Diastolic function was not impaired in MP, and lusitropy was superior from 30 min up to 90 min of reperfusion. Contractility was superior in MP during the first hour of evaluation.ConclusionWe conclude that the initial functional outcome of MP‐preserved hearts was transiently superior compared to CS, with no histological injury post‐Langendorff. Our machine perfusion strategy could offer feasible and safe storage of hearts prior to transplantation. Future studies are warranted for further optimization.

S3304 A Retrospective Analysis of Orthostatic Hypotension and Risk Stratification in Patients Presenting With Acute Gastrointestinal Bleeds

Introduction: Gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB) is a common presentation occurring in 150 per 100,000 patients with a mortality rate of 2-15%. The timely assessment of patients and accurate risk stratification is of the utmost importance. Physicians have adopted several risk stratification tools to help assess risk and guide medical management. One parameter that is ill-defined in risk stratification of acute GIBs is orthostatic hypotension (OH). The presence of OH in GIB is widely utilized as a surrogate for intravascular volume depletion and hemodynamic instability as a marker of increased mortality. Through retrospective analysis we assessed the proposed link between OH and disposition, intervention, and mortality and its ability to risk stratify patients with GIB. Methods: We conducted an IRB-approved, retrospective study in all patients from a single tertiary referral center with an ICD-10 diagnosis for GIB and OH between the years of 2018-2020. Our cohort consisted of 77 patients in whom we assessed timing of endoscopic intervention, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and mortality using chi-square analyses. Results: Upon review of the 77 patients selected with GIB and OH, 46 (59.7%) were ultimately admitted to the ICU. Of the 46 patients in the ICU, 34 (74%) required endoscopic intervention with 7 (15%) requiring emergent intervention, defined as occurring within 6 hours of evaluation by gastroenterology. Of the 77 patients, 8 (10.4%) required emergent intervention, 24 (31.2%) required intervention within 24 hours of evaluation, and 19 (24.7%) intervention beyond 24 hours. There were 26 (33.8%) that required no intervention prior to discharge. Overall, 75 (97.4%) were discharged, while 2 (2.6%) passed away. Based on our initial data with chi-square analyses, there were no statistically significant associations between OH, intervention, disposition, and mortality. Conclusion: Acute GI bleeding require swift evaluation and risk stratification. It is taught that 1000cc (20% of body volume) of blood loss can induce orthostasis. This argues that OH upon presentation may represent significant hemodynamic instability and increase overall mortality. There are other etiologies of OH that may need to be considered independent of intravascular volume loss. Our initial data suggest that OH alone in the setting of GIB is insufficient in assessment for disposition, intervention, and mortality. Future studies are warranted to better risk stratify patients presenting with acute GIBs and the association with OH.Table 1.: Crosstab analysis comparing the intervention group with ICU admission and discharge status. Following the crosstab analysis, a chi-square test was used to compare the intervention groups on the categorical variables. The P-value for the intervention groups compared to admission was P = .21 while the P-value for discharge status was P = .08. There were no statistically significant associations to report.

Ethnic Sensitivity Study of the Extrafine, Single-Inhaler, Triple Therapy Beclomethasone Dipropionate, Formoterol Fumarate, and Glycopyrronium Bromide Pressurized Metered Dose Inhaler in Japanese and Caucasian Healthy Individuals: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Single-Dose Crossover Study

PurposeA number of single-inhaler, fixed-dose, triple combinations are available for the management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and/or asthma. One of these is the extrafine formulation beclomethasone dipropionate, formoterol fumarate, glycopyrronium bromide (BDP/FF/GB). Given that differences in ethnicity can result in differences in systemic exposure, we evaluated the relative pharmacokinetic (PK) profiles of BDP/FF/GB in Japanese vs Caucasian healthy volunteers to assess the need for dose adjustment. MethodsThis randomized, double-blind, single-dose, 4-way crossover study recruited healthy men and women 20 to 55 years of age; for each Japanese person a Caucasian was enrolled who matched in terms of sex, age, and weight. Study treatments included BDP/FF/GB 200/12/25 and 400/12/25 μg (therapeutic), 800/48/100 μg (supratherapeutic), and placebo. PK blood samples were taken up to 24 hours for evaluation of BDP, beclomethasone 17-monopropionate (B17MP, an active metabolite of BDP), and formoterol and up to 48 h for GB. The primary objective was to characterize the PK profiles of BDP, FF, and GB after administration of a single dose of BDP/FF/GB in Caucasian and Japanese healthy volunteers in terms of the AUC0–t and Cmax of B17MP, formoterol, and GB. FindingsOf the 32 recruited participants (16 Japanese and 16 Caucasian ), 30 completed the study. A clear plasma exposure dose-response relationship was found for all 4 molecules. B17MP Cmax geometric mean ratios for Japanese vs Caucasian participants for the 3 study treatments ranged from 1.17 to 1.26, and AUC0–t ratios ranged from 1.16 to 1.22; thus, the findings were comparable between the ethnicities. Formoterol exposure was higher in Japanese than Caucasian participants (Cmax, 1.22–1.53; AUC0–t, 1.23–1.40). The GB Cmax with BDP/FF/GB 400/12/25 μg (1.09) and AUC0–t values for all three doses (0.98–1.17) were comparable in the 2 populations, but Cmax with 200/12/25 and 800/48/100 μg were higher in Japanese participants (1.32 and 1.42, respectively). Pharmacodynamic (cortisol, potassium, glucose, blood pressure, heart rate, and QT interval with the Fridericia correction) and safety profile results were similar in the 2 ethnicities, with most patients not experiencing any adverse events. ImplicationsExposure to BDP/FF/GB pressurized metered dose inhaler at therapeutic and supratherapeutic doses was associated with higher plasma levels in Japanese versus Caucasian healthy volunteers. These PK differences did not translate into meaningful differences in the safety or pharmacodynamic parameters assessed in this study and were consistent with the results of other long-term (52-week) published studies. Dose adjustments in Japanese people are not deemed necessary. ClinicalTrials.gov identifierNCT03859414.

Tradescantia pallida L. (Commelinaceae) influences the activity of oviposition and feeding of Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae)

Diamondback moth represents one of the major Brassicaceae plagues and the main current control method relies on the agrotoxins use. The search for alternative phytosanitary control methods demonstrates that the vegetal extracts have broadly studied and now represent a relevant option to control insects-plagues in small cultivation areas. Was evaluated the effect of the aqueous extract Tradescantia pallida 10% in oviposition and the feeding preference of Plutella xylostella, in laboratory conditions. That plant does not present herbivory reports, which raises the hypothesis of representing an efficient control alternative. P. xylostella couples introduced in experimentation cages for 10 days, to assess the activity of oviposition, being exposed to the botanic extract in the feeding and the oviposition substrate, with the eggs average number per day and fertility being assessed. To assess feeding, two tests developed: free choice and no choice of food source during 48 hours of evaluation. The results indicate that the aqueous T. pallida extract changes the oviposition activity of P. xylostella, reducing the average number of eggs per day and the fertility. It was also possible to observe the non-preference, regarding feeding, for substrates that were treated with the extract. The results observed in the study can contribute to amplify the small producers decision-making processes and the involved sectors regarding the choice of supplies that respect environmental and human health.

Potential of watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) to maintain oxidative stability of rooster semen for artificial insemination.

Fruits with antioxidant enrichment can be an economically affordable supplement for mitigating oxidative damage prone spermatozoa membrane pathologies. Computer-assisted sperm analyzer and oxidative status were utilized to evaluate the impact of watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) fortification of dextrose saline as diluent for rooster semen and fertility response of hens inseminated. Watermelon juice and dextrose saline were used to formulate diluent of 7 treatments consisting of unextended semen (positive control), 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50% and only dextrose saline (negative control) designated as Treatments 1–7. Pooled semen was obtained from fertile roosters and equilibrated with diluents at ratio 1:2 in the various treatments and were evaluated using computer software coupled microscope and seminal oxidative status assay. 168 laying hens randomly divided into 7 treatment of 8 replicates and 3 hen per replicate. Hen were everted, and semen (2 × 108 Spermatozoa) deposited intra-vagina and eggs collected over 8 weeks to assess fertility and hatchability of eggs laid. The result obtained revealed that watermelon-dextrose saline rooster semen diluent enhanced progressive motility, sperm kinetics and lowered non-progressive motility in T2–T6 compared to T7 over the 3 hours of evaluation. Watermelon addition to rooster semen diluent enhance the antioxidant capacity of rooster semen and lowered lipid peroxide generation. The percentage fertility was highest in T3 (81.01%) and T4 (81.24%) with lowest value obtained in T7 (73.46%). The hatchability of eggs set of hens inseminated with undiluted semen (71.46%) was lower than values for hens inseminated with watermelon inclusive extended semen (75.71%–80.39%). The optimal inclusion of 30%–40% watermelon in dextrose saline diluent enhance rooster semen kinetics, seminal oxidative stability and egg fertility.

&lt;p class="Body"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Host preference, population dynamics, distribution, and injuries of &lt;em&gt;Oligonychus punicae&lt;/em&gt; (Acari: Tetranychidae) in an eucalyptus clonal minigarden&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

Oligonychus punicae has potential for development in several species of eucalyptus. In this study was evaluated the preference for permanence and oviposition of O. punicae in different eucalyptus species. Additionally, we evaluated its dynamics and population distribution, as well as injuries in strains of Eucalyptus urophylla in a clonal minigarden. The preference for permanence and oviposition of O. punicae was evaluated using a test with and without choice in six species of Eucalyptus. We also analyzed the dynamics, population distribution and injury levels by O. punicae on E. urophylla in a clonal minigarden. We collected samples for 24 months and counted the number of eggs, immature and adult individuals. We calculated the Morisita dispersion index. We estimated injuries on leaves of E. urophylla using visual notes. In the test with choice, Eucalyptus urophylla was the preferred host of O. punicae for permanence and oviposition. In the test without choice, the oviposition of O. punicae in eucalyptus species did not differ statistically until 24 hours of evaluation. However, there was a significant difference after 48 hours, with greater oviposition on Eucalyptus brassiana, Eucalyptus tereticornis and Eucalyptus grandis. In the population survey, we collected 3,293 mites. The population peak of O. punicae occurred in March and April 2018 and April 2019. Oligonychus punicae presented an aggregate distribution and caused injuries of 20% on average in leaves. These results are important to guide management strategies in specific infestation foci and optimizing the use of phytosanitary products.

&lt;p class="Body"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Host preference, population dynamics, distribution, and injuries of &lt;em&gt;Oligonychus punicae&lt;/em&gt; (Acari: Tetranychidae) in an eucalyptus clonal minigarden&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

Oligonychus punicae has potential for development in several species of eucalyptus. In this study was evaluated the preference for permanence and oviposition of O. punicae in different eucalyptus species. Additionally, we evaluated its dynamics and population distribution, as well as injuries in strains of Eucalyptus urophylla in a clonal minigarden. The preference for permanence and oviposition of O. punicae was evaluated using a test with and without choice in six species of Eucalyptus. We also analyzed the dynamics, population distribution and injury levels by O. punicae on E. urophylla in a clonal minigarden. We collected samples for 24 months and counted the number of eggs, immature and adult individuals. We calculated the Morisita dispersion index. We estimated injuries on leaves of E. urophylla using visual notes. In the test with choice, Eucalyptus urophylla was the preferred host of O. punicae for permanence and oviposition. In the test without choice, the oviposition of O. punicae in eucalyptus species did not differ statistically until 24 hours of evaluation. However, there was a significant difference after 48 hours, with greater oviposition on Eucalyptus brassiana, Eucalyptus tereticornis and Eucalyptus grandis. In the population survey, we collected 3,293 mites. The population peak of O. punicae occurred in March and April 2018 and April 2019. Oligonychus punicae presented an aggregate distribution and caused injuries of 20% on average in leaves. These results are important to guide management strategies in specific infestation foci and optimizing the use of phytosanitary products.

Shelf life of essential oil of Acantholippia deserticola (Phil. ex F. Phil.) Moldenke and its acaricidal effect on two-spotted mite [Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae)] under laboratory conditions

The acaricidal effect of two formulations of essential oil of "rika-rika" [Acantholippia deserticola Moldenke (Verbenaceae)] of 3 and 6 years of shelf life were evaluated on females of two-spotted spider mite [Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae)] re gistering the repellency and effects on the oviposition. The bean leaf discs [Phaseolus vulgaris Linneo (Fabaceae)] were covered with the formulation using the immersion technique under laboratory conditions (23.31 ± 2.82 49.70 ± 1.42% RH and 12:12 L:D photoperiod). The mortality of T. urticae was evaluated at 24, 48 and 72 hours post-application. The variables evaluated were: percentage of mortality by residual contact, percentage of repellency and number of eggs laid. Only the formulation at 1% (v/v) with 3 years shelf life reached a mortality of 50% after 24 hours of evaluation. The concentrations at 0.3% and 0.7% (v/v) with 3 years shelf life reached this value after 72 hours. None of the concentrations with 6 years shelf life reached values above 50% of mortality. A maximum mortality of 85.71% was registered in the concentration at 1% (v/v) with 3-year shelf life. The 3-year shelf life formulation showed repellent activity for the three periods evaluated (24, 48 and 72 hours), with values above 90% after 72 hours post-application. The ovisposture test revealed that the concentrations of 3 years shelf life had an inhibitory effect on the oviposition of the two-spotted spider. These results suggest a considerable acaricidal activity of the essential oil of A. deserticola with a 3-year shelf life on adult females of T. urticae.

Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effect of Poincianella pyramidalis (Tul.) L.P. Queiroz

Ethnopharmacology relevancePoncianella pyramidalis (Leguminosae) is a Caatinga plant used in folk medicine because of its pharmacological properties, which include anti-inflammatory action. However, chemical compounds responsible for this effect have not yet been identified. Aim of the studyThis study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant, antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of the ethyl acetate fraction from the inner bark of P. pyramidalis. Material and methodsTotal phenol content (TP) was estimated using the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent, while in vitro antioxidant activity was determined by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging assay. Chemical identification was done using LC-PDA/MS and LC-ESI/MS/MS. In vivo antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory properties were investigated using formalin, mechanical hypernociception and carrageenan-induced pleurisy assays in mice. ResultsTP was 525.08 ± 17.49 μg mg−1 gallic acid equivalent. The ethyl acetate fraction (EAF) inhibited 87.76% of the DPPH radical with an EC50 of 22.94 μg mL−1 and Antioxidant Activity Index of 1.74. LC-PDA/MS and LC-ESI/MS/MS identified 15 compounds that are mostly derived from gallic and ellagic acids. Regarding in vivo antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activity, EAF (100 mg kg-1) significantly reduced the nociceptive response in the second phase of the formalin assay by 50% (p < 0.01) compared with the control group. In the hypernociception test, a significant (p < 0.001) anti-hyperalgesic effect of EAF (100 mg kg-1) was observed up to the third hour of evaluation (p < 0.001). In the carrageenan assay, EAF (100 mg kg-1) was shown to inhibit protein extravasation, increase total leukocytes and neutrophils, and inhibit mononuclear cells. ConclusionThese results demonstrate EAF from the inner bark of P. pyramidalis has strong in vitro antioxidant effect as well as in vivo antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities, which may be attributed to the bark being rich in phenolic compounds derived from gallic acid.