Hotels In Iran Research Articles

Investigating a sequential mediation effect between unethical leadership and unethical pro-family behavior: testing moral awareness as a moderator

ABSTRACT This study aims to investigate the effect of unethical leadership on unethical pro-family behavior through the sequential mediating effect of emotional exhaustion and unethical pro-organizational behavior and the moderating role of moral awareness among hospitality industry employees. Data were collected from frontline employees of 5-star hotels in Iran’s leading tourist destination cities. Testing hypotheses were conducted using models 6 and 8 of PROCESS Macro SPSS. The results indicated that unethical leadership contributed to unethical pro-family behavior through direct and sequential mediating effects of emotional exhaustion and unethical pro-organizational behavior. Empirical evidence also confirmed that moral awareness moderated the relationship between unethical leadership and unethical pro-organizational behavior. In contrast, its moderating effect on the relationship between unethical leadership and unethical pro-family behavior was insignificant. This study offers new insights into our understanding of unethical leadership and its consequences in the hospitality industry.

Identification and Prioritization of the Factors Influencing Service Quality in the Hotel Industry by SWARA and ARAS Methods During the COVID-19 Pandemic

ABSTRACT Nowadays, the COVID-19 pandemic has had many harmful effects on the hotel industry. This study aims to identify and prioritize the factors affecting SERVQUAL in the hotel industry and evaluates five-star hotels during the COVID-19 Pandemic. The present study prioritizes the influence factors of SERVQUAL using the stepwise weight assessment ratio analysis (SWARA) method and using the Additive Ratio Assessment (ARAS) method to identify the best hotel among the five hotels in Iran in 2022. In the present study, 22 influence sub-criteria in the hotel industry were studied, and the delivery of service promise sub-criterion was ranked first, which shows its importance among other sub-criteria. Among the hotels studied, A1 hotels ranked first among other hotels. The present study examines and prioritizes the influence factors of SERVQUAL in the hotel industry to help hotel managers to identify the most important influence factors of SERVQUAL in the hotel industry to implement these factors in their hotels and can improve their strengths.

Effects of information and communication technology improvement on revisit intention during Covid-19 Edit Download

Purpose- The present study aims to investigate the interrelationship between information and communication technology (ICT) improvement, destination brand image, destination satisfaction, and destination personality, and how ICT improvement influences tourists' intention to return during the pandemic COVID -19. Design, methodology, approach- The statistical population consisted of Iranian tourists who had stayed in hotels in Iran during CPVID-19. A questionnaire was developed and distributed, and 310 usable questionnaires were received. To test the hypotheses, confirmatory factor analysis was performed using Smart PLS3. Findings- Our results showed that ICT improvement had a significant, positive impact on tourists' revisit intentions and destination brand image during the pandemic COVID -19. Destination brand image also had a significant influence on revisit intention, destination satisfaction, and destination personality. In addition, destination satisfaction and destination personality were significantly related to revisit intention during the pandemic. Originality of the research- This study pioneered the evaluation of ICT in the tourism industry, focusing on the hospitality industry during the pandemic COVID -19. It also examined the direct impact of ICT improvements on revisit intentions during the pandemic. In addition, this study provides evidence for managers to more effectively leverage ICT potential to improve destination brand image and encourage customers to revisit during a pandemic.

Branding through visitors: how cultural differences affect brand co-creation in independent hotels in Iran

PurposeIn most countries, independent hotels are a major contributor to both national economy and the hospitality sector, but to the best of the authors’ knowledge, there is a lack of any study on brand co-creation (BCC) in independent hotels. This study aims to examine the interrelationship of moral judgement (MJ), self–brand connection, customer–brand engagement (CBE), electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM) and how BCC occurs in independent hotels and contrasts visitors’ perspectives between two different Global Leadership and Organizational Behavior Effectiveness clusters in independent hotels. Furthermore, this study also examines the moderating impact of privacy concern (PC) on the relationship between eWOM and brand co-creation.Design/methodology/approachData were collected from two groups of tourists, Iranian (290) and European (224), who visited and stayed in independent hotels in some major cities in Iran. The structural equation modelling using AMOS 22 was adopted to test the hypotheses.FindingsThe study’s findings revealed that there are significant differences between two culturally different travellers in terms of selected variables, suggesting that MJ is a main antecedent of CBE, which leads to eWOM among Iranian travellers, which consequently leads to BCC. Moreover, the study’s data indicates that European travellers show a high level of PCs while staying in independent hotels in Iran, which prevents them from sharing and getting engaged in the social media, which could delay the BCC process especially in international level.Originality/valueThis study contributes to literature by providing new insights on the differences in the concept of brand co-creation between two culturally different groups in the context of independent hotels, which require special attention of independent hotel managers.

Energy conservation in large-sized hotels: Insights from a developing country

Tourism can drive positive, transformative changes in modern societies, but also becomes a source of significant environmental externalities. This is often the case for developing economies where the problem is exacerbated by immature national sustainability agendas. Targeted research, accounting for the local context, is necessary to enable transition of developing countries towards more sustainable patterns of tourism development. This study targets the hotel sector in Iran, one of the most energy inefficient hotel sectors around the world, to explore its pathway towards environmental sustainability. The dominance of domestic ownership and control and the prevalence of international economic sanctions are the distinctive features of the Iranian hotel sector. The study pinpoints reconfigurations in technology, knowledge, legislation and behavioural norms as the determinants of the sector’s environmental sustainability quest. Domestic hospitality companies should champion transformative pro-environmental changes in the Iranian hotel sector until international economic sanctions are lifted. • First attempt to explore how/if hotels in Iran conserve energy. • Domestic ownership and control exert a negative effect on energy conservation. • Reconfigurations in technology, knowledge, legislation and behavioural norms towards energy conservation are pinpointed. • International stakeholders exert an insignificant influence on energy conservation due to punitive sanctions. • Closer engagement of all domestic stakeholders is required to conserve energy.

How leadership affects organisational citizenship behaviour – a study of independent hotels

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the factors that managers in independent hotels can influence to improve organisational citizenship behaviour (OCB) by examining the relationship between leadership style and OCB through newly developed balanced organisational culture and trust variables. Unlike most studies, which have been on chain hotels, this study investigates these relationships in independent hotels in Iran. Additionally, organisational size was also included in the study.Design/methodology/approachUsing information from Ministry of Cultural Heritage, Handicrafts and Tourism, 160 independent hotels were identified and approached. A survey was assembled using well-known instruments. In total, 392 usable questionnaires out of 1,150 distributed were collected from employees and analysed using structural equation modelling.FindingsContrary to previous studies, it was found that in this context, neither transformational nor transactional leadership affects trust directly but only through balanced organisational culture, and only transactional leadership had a direct relationship with OCB. Also, organisational size had a moderating effect on the relationship between trust and OCB.Originality/valueThe authors add to the theoretical literature dealing with the different behaviour of constructs developed in a Western context in other contexts and suggests that hotel managers in a collectivist culture, like Iran, who want to build OCB can do so by creating organisational culture conditions (Balanced Organisational Culture) that foster trust between managers and their subordinates.

Factors affecting organizational effectiveness in independent hotels – The case of Iran

Because of an increasingly competitive environment managers of independent hotels need to enhance organizational effectiveness. Therefore, it is crucial to understand what factors affect effectiveness. To help achieve this, our study tests if transformational, transactional and laissez-faire leadership-styles, could indirectly influence organizational effectiveness through market and adhocracy organizational culture. Iran was chosen because it is a developing country with a growing tourist industry that has been under much restriction since the revolution. Survey data were gathered from managers of independent hotels in Iran and 340 questionnaires were returned out of 1050 distributed and examined using structural equation modelling. Our findings show that the transformational leadership-style has an indirect relationship with organizational effectiveness through the market and adhocracy culture types. However, transactional leadership has an indirect relationship with organizational effectiveness only through the market-culture type and laissez-faire only through the adhocracy-culture type. This paper adds to the body of literature on the application of the full range leadership theory, which was developed in the West, to other regional contexts as well as a fresh look into the influence of these leadership styles on other factors including organizational culture and organizational effectiveness. It also adds to the literature of independent hotels, which are an important yet under-researched part of the hospitality industry.

Accountability via social and financial performance of the hospitality sector: the role of market orientation

PurposeThis study aims to examine the three dimensions of market orientation, namely, customer orientation, competitor orientation and inter-function coordination, which influence the accountability in the financial and social performance of tourism operators in large touristic cities.Design/methodology/approachIn total, 95 usable questionnaires as the required data were collected from the top managers of four- and five-star hotels in Iran.FindingsPartial least squares (PLS) results confirm that customer orientation and inter-function coordination influence both the financial and social performance of the hospitality sector yet reveal that competitor orientation has no significant relationship with social performance.Research limitations/implicationsThese findings not only highlight the compatibility of PLS with various forms of statistical analyzes but also furthers the current understanding of hospitality networks in megacity economies, where literature are scarce.Practical implicationsThe findings of this study can help policymakers, tourism associations and practitioners enhance the accountability and sustainable financial and social performance of the hospitality industry in megacities. This study proposes some unique measurements for the social and financial performance of the hospitality sectors.Originality/valueThe paper states some new measurements for the social performance of the hospitality sectors. In addition, measuring the impacts of market orientation on the financial and social aspects of hotels is totally unique.

Strategies to improve energy and carbon efficiency of luxury hotels in Iran

Luxury hotels generate substantial carbon footprint and scholarly research is urgently required to better understand how it could be effectively mitigated. This study adopts a method of life cycle energy analysis (LCEA) to assess the energy and carbon performance of six luxury, five star, hotels located in Iran. The results of the energy and carbon assessment of luxury hotels in Iran are compared against the energy and carbon values reported in past hotel research. This current study finds that luxury hotels in Iran are up to 3–4 times more energy- and 7 times more carbon-intense than similar hotels examined in past research. Low cost of fossil fuels, international trade sanctions and the lack of governmental and corporate energy conservation targets discourage Iranian hoteliers from carbon footprint mitigation. To counteract poor energy and carbon efficiency of luxury hotels in Iran, it is important to relax economic sanctions, develop alternative energy sources, refine corporate energy conservation targets, regularly benchmark hotel energy performance and enable exchange of good practices amongst Iranian hoteliers.

Leaders or organisations?

PurposeManagers of independent hotels need to maximise organisational citizenship behaviour (OCB) among employees to gain sufficient competitive advantage in an increasingly competitive environment, so it is important to understand what affects it. To achieve this, the purpose of this paper is to test if servant leadership, OCB and other related constructs have the same relationships between them in two contrasting parts of the world.Design/methodology/approachSurvey data were gathered from managers of independent hotels in Spain (451) and Iran (429). Spain was selected because it is a developed country that is a leading destination for tourists. Iran was chosen as a contrast, as it is a developing country with a growing tourist industry.FindingsThe findings show that Spain and Iran demonstrate different patterns of relationships in the selected variables, suggesting that Iranians trust their leaders more than the organisational systems, whereas the Spanish trust organisational systems more than their leaders. These results are consistent with Spanish culture having higher individualism than Iranian culture. They are also consistent with Iranian culture prioritising traditional values, such as personal loyalty to managers, and Spanish culture prioritising modern values, such as impersonal rules and objective processes.Research limitations/implicationsThis study suggests that leadership and justice affect OCB in different ways where modern values prevail compared to where traditional values prevail. It suggests that managers of independent hotels in Iran should follow the example of Spanish hotel managers by adopting more objective and fair procedures while showing that inward investors and expatriate managers in Iran should be aware of the importance of personal leadership style. Further research is needed in different countries and regions to improve the generalisability of our findings.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the literature on the application of the servant leadership construct, which was developed in the West, to other regional contexts. It also adds to the literature of independent hotels, which is an important yet under-researched part of the hospitality industry.

The effect of job insecurity on quitting intentions and service recovery performance

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to examine the impact of JIS on quitting intentions and service recovery performance (SRP) with JE as a mediating factor.Design/methodology/approachData was gathered from 313 full time FHEs working in four and five star hotels in Iran. Questionnaires on JIS, JE, and quitting intentions were given in three waves to the FHEs over a two-week period and in addition supervisors provided a rating of SRP.FindingsThe findings support the mediating effect of JE with JIS related to the outcomes indirectly through JE. The greater the level of JIS the lower the JE of FHEs. The greater the level of JE the lower the quitting intentions and the higher the SRP of FHE’s. JE completely mediates the impact of JIS on quitting intentions and SRP.Practical implicationsOrganizations should put steps in to retain key workers through adherence to the psychological contract, reduce the impact of JIS through providing clear information on career opportunities and progression, invest in high quality training to improve SRP and hire a workforce from the local communities to increase off-the job JEOriginality/valueThis paper has contributed to an area where research is scarce with regard to how JIS can be reduced and the structure that links it to employee outcomes.

Information technology competency and knowledge management in the hospitality industry service supply chain

PurposeThis study aims to provide a better understanding of how information technology (IT) competency and knowledge management (KM) contribute to service supply chain (SSC) (coordination, collaboration and efficiency) practices in the hospitality industry.Design/methodology/approachDrawing on tourism businesses, this study tests the structural relationships of IT competency, KM and SSC. Structural equation modeling is performed to test the hypotheses. A survey of 494 hotels in Iran provided empirical evidence for the existence of interrelationships between multiple constructs.FindingsThe analysis demonstrated that IT competency is significantly associated with KM. Furthermore, SSC practices are found to be directly impacted by KM and IT competency.Originality/valueThis study unpacks the mechanism that operates between IT competency, KM and SSC and contributes to the academic research on SSC in the context of the hospitality industry.

An integrated model of the adoption of radio frequency identification technology in the hotel industry

Radio frequency identification (RFID) represents a brand new technology that promises to improve process efficiency in hospitality settings. The technology-organisation-environment (TOE) framework and technology acceptance model (TAM) are applied to gain insights into influences on the adoption intention of RFID in the hotel industry. By adopting the TOE framework and TAM as a theoretical base, this descriptive-survey study used questionnaire to collect data in 92 different hotels in Iran. The proposed research model is tested against using structural equation modelling (SEM). The results showed that TOE framework and TAM have positive effects on intentions to use RFID. Our results support the proposed conceptualisation and shed significant and useful insights on the key factors associated with hotels' adoption of RFID.

Developing a typology of customer misbehaviours (case study: hotel industry, Iran five stars' hotels, Homa, Parsian Azadi, Esteghlal, Evin)

The aim of this study is to explore and identify the different types of customer misbehaviours from service providers' side (hotel employees) in hotel industry. Data were collected by semi structured in-depth interviews and narratives of service employees of five starts hotels in Iran using critical incident technique (CIT) (n = 60) and then analysed through ATLAS software. Thematic coding was used to identify emergent themes and patterns of consumer misbehaviour. Thematic coding resulted in a comprehensive typology of customers' misbehaviour and identified two main categories of consumer misbehaviour (interpersonally directed and property directed) which interpersonally directed divided into five subcategories: verbal aggression, physical aggression, refusal to participate, illegitimate complaints and needless engagement and property directed misbehaviour classify into theft, vandalism and sabotage and fraudulence behaviour. The results of the findings contribute to identify the most common types of misbehaviour during the interactions.

An integrated model of the adoption of radio frequency identification technology in the hotel industry

Radio frequency identification (RFID) represents a brand new technology that promises to improve process efficiency in hospitality settings. The technology-organisation-environment (TOE) framework and technology acceptance model (TAM) are applied to gain insights into influences on the adoption intention of RFID in the hotel industry. By adopting the TOE framework and TAM as a theoretical base, this descriptive-survey study used questionnaire to collect data in 92 different hotels in Iran. The proposed research model is tested against using structural equation modelling (SEM). The results showed that TOE framework and TAM have positive effects on intentions to use RFID. Our results support the proposed conceptualisation and shed significant and useful insights on the key factors associated with hotels' adoption of RFID.

Developing a typology of customer misbehaviours (case study: hotel industry, Iran five stars' hotels, Homa, Parsian Azadi, Esteghlal, Evin)

The aim of this study is to explore and identify the different types of customer misbehaviours from service providers' side (hotel employees) in hotel industry. Data were collected by semi structured in-depth interviews and narratives of service employees of five starts hotels in Iran using critical incident technique (CIT) (n = 60) and then analysed through ATLAS software. Thematic coding was used to identify emergent themes and patterns of consumer misbehaviour. Thematic coding resulted in a comprehensive typology of customers' misbehaviour and identified two main categories of consumer misbehaviour (interpersonally directed and property directed) which interpersonally directed divided into five subcategories: verbal aggression, physical aggression, refusal to participate, illegitimate complaints and needless engagement and property directed misbehaviour classify into theft, vandalism and sabotage and fraudulence behaviour. The results of the findings contribute to identify the most common types of misbehaviour during the interactions.

Mood regulation, customer participation, and customer value creation in hospitality services

Purpose Customers play a key role in value creation. Not surprisingly, research has investigated customers’ motivations to engage in the creation of value. Thus, this study aims to assess the link between mood-regulatory processes and customer participation in value creation. Design/methodology/approach This study develops a model that relates mood-regulatory processes to customer participation and customer value creation, and tests it with a sample of 419 hotel customers, using partial least squares estimation. Findings It is found that mood clarity relates directly with customer relational value; mood monitoring relates directly with customer participation as well as directly and indirectly with customer economic and relational value; and mood repair relates directly with customer participation and customer economic value, as well as indirectly with customer economic and relational value. Research limitations/implications This is a cross-sectional study limited only to hotels in Iran. This is the first study to evaluate the relationship between mood regulation with customer participation and value creation. Hospitality service organizations interested in promoting customer participation may consider mood as a segmentation criterion. Originality/value Value creation theory was applied to identify the relationship among customer mood regulation, participation, economic value and relational value, as it is first attempted in the hospitality studies.

National Getaways for the Weary Trauma Surgeon; Part 4: The Silk Road Trip.

National Getaways for the Weary Trauma Surgeon; Part 4: The Silk Road Trip.

Determinant of Employees Job Satisfaction and the Role of Male and Female Differences: An Empirical Study at Hotel Industry in Iran

Employee satisfaction is a parameter used to measure of the extent to which employees are pleased with their particular jobs and working environment. Continuously improving the spirits and self-confidence among employees can be of incredible benefits to any organization, given that happy employees are anticipated to put in more energy and time, take less leave of absence, and remain dedicated to the company. There are a number of factors that improve or sustain high employee satisfaction, which sensible employers thrive to implement. This objective of this study is to determine the level of employees job satisfaction and to investigate the effect of gender on employees job satisfaction. Important factors that have an impact on job satisfaction are supervision, relationship with co-workers, rewards, work condition, and opportunities for promotion. Data for this research were gathered from employees of four 5 rated-star hotels in Iran. The illustrative evaluation executed to decide the grade of employees job satisfaction. Furthermore, independent sample t-test was utilized to empirically test relationship between employees job satisfaction and their gender. Findings suggest that employees are moderately satisfied with their job and there is no significant difference in between male and female employees job satisfaction.

Towards business excellence in the hospitality industry: A case for 3-, 4-, and 5-star hotels in Iran

This study aims to develop and suggest a new ‘in-house’ quality improvement model for small- and medium-sized hotels. This model is assumed to be fast, simple, and effective for hospitality organisations because it includes the proven critical success factors of Kanji's excellence model. In addition, this article provides a better understanding of how different groups of frontline managers, chiefs, and employees perceive their readiness towards the business excellence culture and performance in 3-, 4-, and 5-star hotels in Tehran, Iran. The survey data used in the analyses include a sample size of 507 managers, chiefs, and lower-level employees. A one-way ANOVA analysis was used to test significant differences and business excellence performance of the proposed model. Using a self-administered Questionnaire, we found that most employees, chiefs, and managers in Tehran gave their lowest scores to quality culture practices and business excellence performance.