Hot Oil Research Articles

PLASTIC BLOCK FOR BUILDING CONSTRUCTION MATERIAL

Plastic wrap waste increase from time to time. Efforts are needed to utilize them as they are less demanded for recycling by the private sectors in Bali and Indonesia. This paper describe effort to use combination of waste thin plastic wrap as plastic block for wall construction material. The plastic wrap wastes were cut into 5-10 mm size, then they were melted in a hot waste engine oil at 200°C. The mixture was then poured into a metal mold, slightly cooled down and compressed using a compression machine. The mixtures produced was without and with added rice husk ash as filling material. The size of the plastic block was 20×10×8cm. It was found that the densities of the samples were less than 1gram/cm3, the compressive strength can achieve 25kg/cm2, the Porosities were low, ranges from 0.220-0.290%, the Initial Rate of Suctions (IRS) were very low ranges form 0.0004-0.00075 kg/m2.minute, and the and water absorptions were also low (0.02-0.03) %. In general, the compressive strengths were comparable to low quality bricks commonly produced.

Optical sensing and nonlinear optical properties of Cr-doped MoO3/PEDOT:PSS Nanocomposites

In this study, we observed a negative UV photoresponse that switched to a positive photoresponse in Cr-doped MoO3/PEDOT:PSS nanocomposite films(NCF) prepared via drop-casting. MoO3 and Cr-doped MoO3 were synthesized using a hot oil bath co-precipitation method, combined with PEDOT:PSS (poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) doped with poly(4-styrenesulfonate)), and coated onto flexible OHP sheets. The open aperture z-scan method investigated the nonlinear optical properties of NCF on the glass substrate. The films were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopic (SEM), UV–Vis spectroscopy, and Fourier Transformed Infrared (FTIR). Chromium doping caused minor changes in lattice parameters, crystalline size, and microstrain. UV spectroscopy revealed an increase in bandgap with higher Cr–MoO3 concentrations. The photoresponse of different Cr–MoO3 concentrations showed an initial current decrease under UV light, but the photoresponse became positive beyond a threshold and continued to improve. Nonlinear optical studies indicated saturable absorption in the nanocomposite. This work enhances our understanding of Cr-doped MoO3/PEDOT:PSS nanocomposites, contributing to advancements in flexible UV photodetectors and nonlinear optical applications.

Exploring Biomimetic Heat Pipes for Space Radiator Enhancement

This study investigates biomimetic heat pipes for space radiator applications, utilizing nature-inspired structures to potentially enhance heat transfer efficiency. The research addresses the imperative for improved heat dissipation mechanisms in nuclear space systems, crucial for effective thermal management. Heat pipes are passive heat transfer devices widely adopted for thermal control. The study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a biomimetic heat pipe design in comparison to a traditional design while also validating the fabrication process through industry-made heat pipe comparisons. Innovative hot oil bath testing methods are employed to fabricate and test both heat pipe types, utilizing comprehensive thermal analysis, physical experiments, and validation techniques to assess heat transfer capabilities. Tests span varying temperature levels to analyze heat pipe behavior and performance. Findings suggest the potential for enhanced heat dissipation along the length of the biomimetic heat pipe, hinting at the biomimetic structure’s role in improving heat transfer. This study underscores the promise of biomimetic design principles and their potential for advancing heat pipe technology. Recommendations for further exploration include alternative materials, optimized testing procedures, and refined fabrication processes.

Revealing the Impact of Composition on Oil Monitoring Performance of Ni-Ti-Cu Coated Optical Fiber

Shape Memory Alloy-coated optical fiber provides an economical, Smart, and real-time monitoring technological solution for Industry 4.0. In this work, the compositional influence of Ni-Ti-Cu coating on optical signal actuation has been studied. Morphological studies showed improvement in the grain size, surface roughness, and a better shape memory effect. Thermal characteristics revealed an increase in the phase transformation temperature of NiTiCu with higher copper content. Experimental analysis of optical fiber sensors in Mineral Oil resulted in a gradual shift in the actuation temperature range. A sensitivity of ∼52 mV/°C was recorded in the actuation window, showcasing the improved response time for copper-rich composition. A comparison of coated-uncoated optical fiber performance in oil has also been presented, and delamination studies were conducted by continuously exposing the samples to hot oil. The work can be referred for requirement-based composition selection for real-time and smart monitoring capability in the Oil industries.

Multiple mechanisms of action of an extremely painful venom.

Evolutionary arms races between predator and prey can lead to extremely specific and effective defense mechanisms. Such defenses include venoms that deter predators by targeting nociceptive (pain-sensing) pathways. Through co-evolution, venom toxins can become extremely efficient modulators of their molecular targets. The venom of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) is notoriously painful. The intensity of a velvet ant sting has been described as "Explosive and long lasting, you sound insane as you scream. Hot oil from the deep fryer spilling over your entire hand." [1] The effectiveness of the velvet ant sting as a deterrent against potential predators has been shown across vertebrate orders, including mammals, amphibians, reptiles, and birds [2-4]. The venom's low toxicity suggests it has a targeted effect on nociceptive sensory mechanisms [5]. This leads to the hypothesis that velvet ant venom targets a conserved nociception mechanism, which we sought to uncover using Drosophila melanogaster as a model system. Drosophila larvae have peripheral sensory neurons that sense potentially damaging (noxious) stimuli such as high temperature, harsh mechanical touch, and noxious chemicals [6-9]. These polymodal nociceptors are called class IV multidendritic dendritic arborizing (cIV da) neurons, and they share many features with vertebrate nociceptors, including conserved sensory receptor channels [10,11]. We found that velvet ant venom strongly activated Drosophila nociceptors through heteromeric Pickpocket/Balboa (Ppk/Bba) ion channels. Furthermore, we found a single venom peptide (Do6a) that activated larval nociceptors at nanomolar concentrations through Ppk/Bba. Drosophila Ppk/Bba is homologous to mammalian Acid Sensing Ion Channels (ASICs) [12]. However, the Do6a peptide did not produce behavioral signs of nociception in mice, which was instead triggered by other non-specific, less potent, peptides within the venom. This suggests that Do6a is an insect-specific venom component that potently activates insect nociceptors. Consistent with this, we showed that the velvet ant's defensive sting produced aversive behavior in a predatory praying mantis. Together, our results indicate that velvet ant venom evolved to target nociceptive systems of both vertebrates and invertebrates, but through different molecular mechanisms.

Crosslinked polyetherimide based electrospun membrane: Effect of fibre morphology on hot oil sorption

Handling hot oil spillage, particularly from oil refineries, petrochemical industry and automobiles is challenging and there have been limited solutions to address the issue. Polyetherimide (PEI) electrospun fibrous membranes were developed in this study by leveraging PEI's high-temperature stability to serve as promising materials for hot oil sorption. The morphology of the membrane forming fibers varied from circular to dumbbell shaped, by judicious choice of solvents of varying boiling points, to study the effect of fiber morphology on oil sorption capacity. Crosslinking of PEI membranes was carried out using ethylenediamine (EDA) to impart structural integrity and resiliency to the membranes. The PEI membrane composed of dumbbell-shaped fibers demonstrated an oil-sorption capacity of 25.4 ±1.5 g/g for engine oil at 150°C within one hour, outperforming a commercial polypropylene (PP) nonwoven absorbent, which failed and collapsed under the same high-temperature conditions. Enhanced oil sorption in the dumbbell-shaped fibrous membrane was achieved due to its lower tortuosity, aligned inter-fiber channels, and higher capillary pressure. Usefulness and sorption capacity of PEI based electrospun membranes may further be explored for controlling the oil spillage through introduction of specific surface features and functionalization.

Design of an injera baking system using parabolic trough solar collectors at Mekelle University cafeteria

Injera baking poses a significant energy demand and strain on the national grid, requiring temperatures of 180–220 °C with traditional clay Mitads. This study aimed to design a solar thermal system to replace electrical baking energy at the Mekelle University student cafeteria. The system, designed for baking 11,000 Injera within a 6-h daily operation, comprises 92 Anodized aluminum plate Mitads heated by hot oil from an oil gallery, stored in a hot oil storage unit, and recharged via a parabolic trough solar collector. A heat exchanger and thermal storage system ensure efficient heat transfer and storage. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and Soltrace analyses were conducted to assess temperature distribution on the baking pan and oil gallery surfaces, as well as solar thermal heat flux. Results revealed a heating capacity of 2.11 kW per Mitad, meeting the required capacity, and a system energy consumption of 1216.5 MJ per hour, achieving a thermal efficiency of 57.4 %. Baking Injera at higher temperatures, enabled by a uniform temperature distribution, yielded uniformly textured Injera with an optimal number of eye bubbles and prevented sticking to the Mitad. Consequently, this design offers a viable alternative for the energy-intensive application at the Mekelle University student cafeteria, providing valuable insights for future solar thermal Injera baking system designers.

Theoretical analysis of hot oil carrying in hydrostatic bearing

Theoretical analysis of hot oil carrying in hydrostatic bearing

Impact of Nanoparticles in Water Coolant on Heat Transfer Rate in Parallel and Counter Flow Heat Exchanger

A heat exchanger is a device used to transfer heat between two or more fluids. The fluids can be single or two phases depending on the exchanger type and may be separated by in -direct contact (the two most common kinds of heat exchanger are the shell-and-tube and plate/fin). In this research work double pipe heat exchanger was used to analyze the performance of water coolant for industrial applications. In Heat Exchanger the water coolant temperature increases due to increase in the temperature of oil in the tubes. Therefore, it may decrease the overall efficiency of the equipment resulting from degradation of the lubricant oil. In this regard, it is required some additives to be mixed with water coolant so that to enhance the heat transfer rate of the unit. Due to the excessive heating of the hydraulic oil in the turbine bearings, the material of the bearing found damage and deteriorate. Therefore, the aim of this study was to remove the heat from bearing oil, so that overall efficiency of heating equipment could be increased. In this research work Hydraulic oil was heated at 600C and 700C as per requirements of the industry. The experiments were conducted at both parallel and counter flow directions. Initially, a baseline experiment was carried out between hot oil and water coolant (without additives or nanoparticles). Besides the heat transfer rate between hot oil and water coolant with the additives (CuO and Al2O3) were observed at 1-3% proportion. It was concluded that the heat transfer rate of CuO was increased more than Al2O3 and plain water coolant due to more uniform temperature difference maintained between the inlet and outlet of cold and hot fluids due to the higher thermal conductivity of CuO. The maximum heat transfer rate was found to be 36.6 % at 60℃ and 38% at 70℃ with 3% of CuO additive in water coolant in the counter-flow condition.

The Effect Jicama Flour Substitution On The Quality Of Coconut Root Cake

Coconut root dry cakes or cactus cakes are dry cakes made from white glutinous rice flour, coconut milk, sugar and eggs which are stirred together then fried using a tool by pressing or turning a lever where the spuid is directed into medium hot oil, then the mixture is fried until ripe. This research is motivated by the use of local food ingredients, namely jicama, which is still lacking. Jicama is made into flour to be varied into one of the pastries, namely coconut root cake. The aim of this research was to analyze the effect of 0%, 15%, 30% and 45% substitution of jicama flour on the quality of coconut root cake in terms of shape, color, aroma, texture and taste. This type of research is a pure experiment using a completely randomized design (CRD) method and three repetitions. The data source in this research was obtained from 3 limited expert panelists, namely lecturers at the Department of Family Welfare Science, Culinary Education Concentration, Faculty of Tourism and Hospitality, Padang State University. The tool used to collect data was a questionnaire containing questions regarding the quality of coconut root cake. Data were analyzed using ANOVA, if Fcount≥Ftable then continued with the Duncan Test. The results of this research show that there is a real influence on the quality of color and texture of coconut root cake, while there is no significant difference in the quality of shape, aroma and taste. It can be concluded that the best quality test results for coconut root cake were in treatment X1 with 15% jicama flour substitution.

The Concentration of Benzo[a]pyrene in Food Cooked by Air Fryer and Oven: A Comparison Study.

The air fryer utilizes heated air rather than hot oil to achieve frying, eliminating the need for cooking oil, rendering it a healthier cooking method than traditional frying and baking. However, there is limited evidence supporting that the air fryer could effectively reduce the level of food-derived carcinogen. In this study, we compared the concentration of Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), a typical carcinogen, in beef patties cooked using an air fryer and an oven, under different cooking conditions, including temperatures (140 °C, 160 °C, 180 °C, and 200 °C), times (9, 14, and 19 min), and oil added or not. The adjusted linear regression analysis revealed that the BaP concentration in beef cooked in the air fryer was 22.667 (95% CI: 15.984, 29.349) ng/kg lower than that in beef cooked in the oven. Regarding the air fryer, the BaP concentration in beef cooked without oil brushing was below the detection limit, and it was significantly lower than in beef cooked with oil brushing (p < 0.001). Therefore, cooking beef in the air fryer can effectively reduce BaP concentration, particularly due to the advantage of oil-free cooking, suggesting that the air fryer represents a superior option for individuals preparing meat at high temperatures.

Technology evolvement of hot oil and oil product pumping through pipelines

Technology evolvement of hot oil and oil product pumping through pipelines

Natural radioactivity level in Yemen: A systematic review of radiological studies

This paper aimed to conduct a systematic review of 26 published articles from 13 different regions in the Republic of Yemen related to the study of natural radioactivity (NORM) and enhanced artificial radioactivity (TENORM). The study relied on the analysis of various sample types, including air, groundwater, surface water, hot spring water, soil, sand, rocks, building materials, and oil field samples. It also analyzed the study areas, the types of detectors employed, and the study's timeframe. The analytical results raised significant concerns regarding the high levels of radioactivity observed in many of the studied regions. Moreover, some regions indicated the absence of any prior radiological study, despite apparent effects on the population and the environment, which suggest the presence of potential radionuclide concentration. Based on this study, it is strongly recommended that researchers conduct further radiological studies in regions previously studied over extended periods and in areas where no prior radiological studies have been conducted to assess potential radionuclide concentration.

Preparation of high‐barrier performance paper‐based materials from biomass‐based silicone‐modified acrylic polymer emulsion

AbstractHigh‐barrier performance, especially under extreme working conditions, is the key to replacing other types of packaging materials with paper‐based materials. In this paper, two biomass‐based polymers, sodium alginate (SA), and chitosan, were used to form a barrier coating with silicone emulsions to prepare a high‐performance paper‐based barrier material. By double coating, the water and oilproof functions were superimposed. The two prepared coated papers were characterized by infrared spectroscopy analysis, contact angle test, and scanning electron microscopy analysis, while their water resistance, oil resistance, thermal oil resistance, and thermal stability were tested. The water and oil repellency were achieved by double coating. The Cobb value of the chitosan‐silicone emulsion‐coated paper reached 5.3 g/m2, with a Kit grade of Level 12, and could block the penetration of castor oil at 80°C within 24 h. The Cobb value of the sodium alginate‐silicone emulsion‐coated paper was 41.6 g/m2, much higher than that of the uncoated paper, with a Kit grade of up to Level 10, which could slow down the rate of castor oil penetration at 80°C within 24 h. The test results showed that there was no chemical reaction between the paper‐based coatings, and the coated paper surface had good film formation, while the double coating method increased the thermal decomposition temperature of the overall barrier coating, effectively improving the thermal stability of the coating and achieving high‐barrier performance at lower cost and under extreme working conditions.Highlights Water and oil resistance under extreme operating conditions. High‐performance paper‐based barrier materials. Dual‐layer coating method for water and oil repellency. High‐barrier performance at lower cost. Excellent hot oil resistance and thermal stability.

Study on metal corrosion behavior of heat-affected zone of oil pipeline

Due to the influence of welding technology, a series of non-uniform and continuous heat-affected zones formed by welding seams is the weakest link of pipeline steel. Compared with the X70 steel, the heat-affected area is in the form of coarse acicular and massive ferrite, granular bainite, and a small amount of pearlite, with weak strength and corrosion resistance. Therefore, this paper simulated the heat-affected zone of the high-strength steel welding seam by the Gleeble 3500 thermal/force simulation testing machine for two heat cycles. Taking Shengli crude oil as the experimental medium, the metal corrosion morphology of heat-affected zones at different temperatures and transmission rates during hot oil transportation was analyzed through immersion experiment and corrosion morphology characterization. The results show that the increase in temperature and flow rate will increase the overall corrosion rate of the metal in the heat-affected area. In the range of 30∼50°C, pitting corrosion was the main corrosion feature of the metal, and in the range of 50∼70°C, the corrosion morphology of the metal changed from pitting corrosion characteristics to comprehensive corrosion characteristics. In the range of the flow rate studied (1∼4 m/s), the metal in the heat-affected area was mainly the overall corrosion rate, and the metal surface showed the erosion-corrosion characteristics along the flow rate direction.

Dimensional stability and mechanical strength of thermally modified giant bamboo [Dendrocalamus asper (Schult.) Backer] using steam and oil

Various thermal modification (TM) treatments using different media have been commercialized, including the commonly practiced TM via steam and hot oil using vegetable or mineral oils. To expand the range of oil treatment mediums, this study explored the use of spent cooking oil (used oil from food frying in restaurants), which was centrally collected by a certified hauler and treater of this waste liquid. The effects on the dimensional stability and mechanical strength of giant bamboo [Dendrocalamus asper (Schult.) Backer] poles subjected to 175°C and 200°C for 30 min and 60 min in steam and oil, respectively were determined. The data were analyzed using a factorial experiment in a completely randomized design with TM treatments, temperature, duration, and presence of nodes as factors.Results revealed significantly improved dimensional stability in modified bamboo as indicated by reduced moisture content, dimensional shrinkage/swelling, and water loss/absorption at higher temperatures. While treatment duration moderately affected dimensional stability, oil-treated samples exhibited greater enhancement.In terms of mechanical strength, bamboo treated at 175°C exhibited enhanced flexural (modulus of rupture or MOR, and modulus of elasticity or MOE) and compressive strength (CS). However, treatments at 200°C led to marked reductions in these properties. Node presence generally weakened bamboo, except for CS. Oil-treated samples demonstrated superior mechanical strength, although there was a slight reduction in MOR with extended exposure.In conclusion, steam and oil-based TM improve the dimensional stability and mechanical strength of giant bamboo at 175°C. For optimal properties, a 30-min treatment is recommended. This research underscores the viability of spent cooking oil in enhancing bamboo's physico-mechanical attributes, contributing to sustainable applications.

Dynamic changes in the sensory properties, composition and antioxidant activity of sesame residues and oil during the preparation of sesame oil by aqueous extraction

The preparation of sesame oil by aqueous extraction is a traditional process with a long history. In this study, samples were obtained from key stages of the sesame oil process, such as baking, stone grinding, and hot water oil extraction, and the changes in sensory properties, composition, and antioxidant properties of the samples were studied to control product quality. The results showed that the flavor and color in sesame oil were mainly formed by Maillard reactions, and the two key stages for these reactions were roasting and hot water oil extraction. Adding hot water reduced the total amino acid, alkaline amino acid, and essential amino acid contents in the sample, corresponding to a significant increase in the total amount of brown matter, richness of taste, types of volatile nitrogen oxides, •OH scavenging ability, and Fe2+ chelating ability. In addition, the bitterness value and DPPH• scavenging ability of sesame residues were significantly positively correlated with the absorbance value of the sesame residue aqueous solution at 420 nm. The roasting process enhances the oxidative stability of oil during storage, while the water extraction process does not alter this stability.

Investigating the effect of coolant on cooling rate of engine oil used in automobile industry using Arduino interfaced temperature sensor

Heat is lost by the system due to temperature difference between the hot object and surroundings. Two models which explain cooling are conduction-convection method and radiation method. During an automobile engine operation, both engine and engine oil get heated up. To overcome the problem of excessive heat generated, coolant is used to cool down the system. In present study, cooling rate of engine oil kept at high temperature was studied in the absence and presence of coolant. In the absence of coolant, engine oil follows the natural law of cooling stated by Newton and follows the exponential decay in temperature. Cooling rate constant was estimated through fitting first order and second order exponential decay with experimental data and found to be 3.35×10−4s−1 and 2.39×10−4s−1 (in first 50 min) respectively. Cooling rate in the presence of coolant was studied which shows rapid decrease in temperature for first few minutes which may be attributed to high heat capacity of coolant which surrounds the hot engine oil. After 50 min of cooling, temperature of both fluids found to decrease exponentially. Thus, the use of coolant was found to absorb the heat content from the engine oil rapidly in comparison to natural environment. Cooling rate constant were estimated through fitting experimental data and found to be 2.44×10−4s−1 and 2.43×10−4s−1 for engine oil and coolant respectively. The percentage change in temperature of oil in first two minutes in the presence of coolant was about 70% which is much higher in comparison to cooling without the use of coolant which was about 16% only. For data acquisition of temperature of engine oil and coolant, MAX6675 module with K-type thermocouple is used which were interfaced with the Arduino board.

Isolation of Protein and Fiber from Hot Pepper Seed Oil Byproduct To Enhance Rheology, Emulsion, and Oxidative Stability of Low-Fat Salad Dressing.

This research aimed to explore the potential utilization of protein (P) and fiber (F) extracted from cold-pressed hot pepper seed oil byproduct (HPOB) in the enhancement of the rheological properties, emulsion stability, and oxidative stability of a low-fat salad dressing with 10% oil content. The assessment involved the examination of several aspects, including the physical qualities such as emulsion stability, rheological behavior, and particle size as well as the microstructure and oxidative stability. It is worth mentioning that all emulsions had desirable characteristics, including shear-thinning behavior characterized by a consistency index ranging from 6.82 to 22.32 Pa s, as well as viscoelasticity and recoverability. These qualities were notably improved with the addition of P and F of HBOP. During the thermal stability testing, it was observed that the low-fat dressing containing 1% P-1F exhibited minor changes in the G* value, indicating its exceptional emulsion stability. The control salad dressings in C1 samples contained 30% oil. (B): C2: samples containing 10% oil (low-fat salad dressing sample) exhibited ζ-potential values of -34.70 and -46.70 mV. The samples 1P-1F and 2P-1F exhibited the highest ζ-potential values. Furthermore, the increase in F resulted in a reduction in droplet size and elicited elevated values for the induction period (IP), with the exception of samples containing 1% protein, 3% fiber, and 10% oil (1P-3F). The salad dressings that included P-F exhibited enhanced oxidative stability, demonstrated by their longer IP (ranging from 5.11 to 7.04 h) compared to the control samples. The formulation consisting of samples contained 1% protein, 1% fiber, and 10% oil (1P-1F) and samples contained 2% protein, 1% fiber, and 10% oil (2P-1F) exhibited superior ζ-potential, emulsion stability, and recovery rate compared to other formulations. The findings of this investigation indicate that the interaction of proteins and fibers extracted from HPOB exhibits the potential to enhance the rheological characteristics, emulsion stability, and oxidative stability of low-fat salad dressing.

Morphological evolution and property changes of acrylate rubber/polyacetal thermoplastic vulcanizates during dynamic vulcanization process

AbstractA new type of thermoplastic vulcanizates (TPV) that is resistant to hot oil, high temperature, and aging was prepared using acrylate elastomer (ACM) and polyoxymethylene (POM) as raw materials. The phase transition process and micromorphology development of the blends with the change of dynamic vulcanization (DV) time, and to illustrate the effects of the phase transition and the degree of elastomer phase crosslinking on the macroscopic properties of TPV were investigated. It was shown that ACM crosslinking occurs continuously during 0–8 min of DV, whereas the phase inversion process occurs predominantly during 0–3 min. In contrast, the cross‐section of the blends after phase inversion is flat, The constant elongation stress under small deformation, hardness, and permanent deformation after break are reduced, and the elongation at break, nonrelaxable modulus, and aging resistance are improved. The increase in the degree of vulcanization of the ACM phase resulted in a significant increase in the modulus of the blends under large deformation, an increase in the nonrelaxable modulus and relaxable modulus, an increase in the aging resistance, and a decrease in the elongation at tear were observed.