Hot Metal Process Research Articles

System improvement of vanadium hot metal process at EVRAZ NTMK

System improvement of vanadium hot metal process at EVRAZ NTMK

Temperature Coefficient of Resistance (TCR) Measurement Method to Evaluate Metal Process of CMOS Technology

Temperature Coefficient of Resistance (TCR) is the important parameter in Electromigration Test of the metal reliability. The physical dimensions of the metallization can be affected by temperature. The coefficient of thermal expansion for a sample of the metallization can be used to approximate its change in volume given and a change in temperature. An object of uniform cross section will have a resistance proportional to its length and inversely proportional to its cross-sectional area, and proportional to the resistivity of the material. TCR is a fractional change in resistance per unit change in temperature at a specified temperature. In order to get the most reliable metal lines, lower TCR value is needed. Normally lower TCR value can be obtained if the grain size of the metal line is smaller. In this study, two types of metal process flows which are known as hot and cold metal is evaluated using TCR measurement. The hot and cold metal process use the same source of AlSiCu but the preparation for deposition is a bit different in which the hot metal process used temperature setting of 300oC, while the cold metal process the temperature is set at 175oC. From the result it is found that the metallization sheet resistance is linearly increase with increasing temperature and the TCR value also decrease with smaller line widths. From the FIB micrograph picture it is found that lower process temperature will give smaller grain size and lower TCR value.

97/01408 Modeling of the Corex (smelting reduction) hot metal process

97/01408 Modeling of the Corex (smelting reduction) hot metal process

Bessemer Gold Medal: Award to Mr. Harold Wright

MR. HAROLD WRIGHT, chief metallurgist to Dorman Long and Co., Ltd., Middlesbrough, has been awarded the Bessemer Gold Medal by the Iron and Steel Institute in recognition of his "valuable contributions made over many years to improve the technique of iron and steel manufacture". The Medal, which is the highest award conferred by the Institute, will be presented to Mr. Wright by the president, Mr. Arthur Dorman, at the annual meeting of the Iron and Steel Institute in London on May 9. Mr. Harold Wright has been a member of the Institute since 1902 and has served on its Council; he is a past president of the Cleveland Scientific and Technical Institution and of the Cleveland Institution of Engineers. He started work at the North Eastern Steel Works. While with Sir Bernard Samuelson, Mr. Wright took an active part in the supply of molten basic iron to Dorman Long's Britannia Works when the latter firm introduced the hot metal process forty years ago. While in charge of the Newport coke ovens, Mr. Wright promoted the use of coke oven gas for town purposes. He first made the suggestion in 1902, but it was 1913 when the supply was first established. Mr. Harold Wright also possesses considerable geological knowledge, and has done a great deal of exploration work in connexion with the Cleveland ironstone deposits. He was also responsible for the introduction into local blast furnace practice of the use of rich foreign ores in the Cleveland burden. Mr. Harold Wright was appointed chief metallurgist to Dorman Long and Co., Ltd., in 1918. Last December the Company inaugurated a triennial Harold Wright Lecture to be given before the Cleveland Scientific and Technical Institution in recognition of his long and valuable service.

鎔銑法と冷銑法とに於ける平爐の熱効率に關して

As Asano Zosen has blown down his unique blast furnace about 3 months for the timely repair last year, his steel work has been compelled to adopt, during this interval, the cold metal process instead of the conventional hot metal one.The experiences with cold metal have proved, contrary to our expectations, so favorable, for cold one, that the preoccupation, which prevailed there up to that time, the hot metal process should surpass the cold one exceedingly, has faded.Why not the hot metal process so superior to cold one, as considered generally, or as calculated. only thermally? The author found, after his several experiments, the answers.Primary the hot metal process is less of cold materials than the cold metal process just by the amount of its molten pig. The decrease of cold materials charged in the furnace means directly the drop of the thermal efficiency of the furnace. (second experiment)Secondary the cold materials below the surface of molten pig form one pasty huge block together with molten pig, which sticks all over the hearth bottom of the furnace, and this sticky block becomes thermally inactive zone (first experiment)Therefore the thermal superiority of the hot metal process to that of cold metal ought to be the surplus of the advantage of heat amount brought from the outside of furnace by molten pig over the disadvantage caused by the forgoing two reasons. This is why not the hot metal process so advantageous as considered or calculated on desk.Further the author assumed that the thermal efficiency should be proportional to the surface area of the heap which form the cold materials in the furnace, and found that the inductions derived from this assumption go well with practice.