Hostility Scale Research Articles

Advancing investigations into the effects of sweet and bitter tastes on agreeableness and hostility

In the studies to date that have examined the effect of taste on social affect, sweet taste has been reported to increase agreeableness (Meier et al., 2012), and bitter taste has been reported to increase hostility (Sagioglou & Greitemeyer, 2014). However, no study to date has examined changes to both agreeableness and hostility after tasting sweet and bitter substances, nor how the order of self-reporting these feelings, or individual differences in taste sensitivity, may influence the results. Our pre-registered study addressed these questions in 99 female undergraduates. Participants were randomly assigned to taste one of six sweet, bitter and neutral tastants, including those used in prior research on this topic, and then immediately completed the agreeableness and hostility scales used in past research, the order of which was counterbalanced across participants. Participants then evaluated all six tastants on various hedonic scales, and a 6-n-propylthiouracil (PROP) test of taste sensitivity was administered. Statistical analyses did not reveal any association between sweet, or any tastant and agreeableness scores. Hostility ratings were increased after participants tasted bitter, but only when this scale was administered before the agreeableness scale. Sensitivity to PROP did not moderate any of the findings. Based on prior work on self-affirmation and affect (e.g., Lindsay & Creswell, 2014), our results suggest that priming a prosocial self-schema (e.g., agreeableness) can eliminate the hostility induced by bitter taste. However, other explanations are possible and future work should investigate factors including measures of personality states vs. traits, and the timing between tasting and affect assessments.

Impulsiveness, suicide, and aggression in a sample of patients with disorders of methyl amphetamine use.

Research has showed a link between patients with methamphetamine dependence and the risk of impulsiveness, aggression, and the risk of suicide. But, this link has not been studied in patients abusing methamphetamine, and it is unknown how impulsiveness, aggression, and the risk of suicide affect them. This cross-sectional study included 130 adult patients diagnosed with the disorder of the use of amphetamine, methamphetamine, cannabinoids, alcohol, other substances, and polysubstance admitted in the Addiction Department for Mental Health. Participants were interviewed for detailed psychiatric history using a structured questionnaire comprising of structured clinical interview for diagnosis I, Arabic version of the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-11 (BIS), Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation for the evaluation of suicidal ideation and behavior, and the Aggression and Hostility scale for adolescents and youth. SPSS was used for data analysis; Initial analysis included descriptive statistics: frequencies and percentages for categorical variables and mean and standard deviation for continuous variables. Chi-square test/Fisher's exact test assessed for association between categorical variables, whereas one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA)/ Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare continuous variables. Patients who used methamphetamine either alone (23%) or with polysubstance (42.6%) were associated with higher suicidal risk than patients who did use other substances than methamphetamine (36.1%). A comparison of the three groups on impulsivity, showed significant difference regarding total scores, motor preservation, and non-planning self-control. No significant differences found between three groups on the aggression scores. There was a higher rate of impulsivity and suicidal risk in patients with methamphetamine dependence in comparison to dependence on other substances, while there was no difference with regard to aggression between patients with methamphetamine dependence and those dependent on other substances. This finding raises the issue of methamphetamine use disorder as a new substance of dependence.

Symptom Checklist-90-Revised: Factor structure and relevance as a measure for the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology model

The Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP) is a recently proposed dimensional model of psychopathology that aims to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the organization of mental disorders. The Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R) is a widely used self-report questionnaire that assesses nine broad dimensions of psychopathologies. The current study reexamined the optimum factor structure of the SCL-90-R (first aim), and its usefulness for the assessment of psychological dimensions from a HiTOP perspective (second aim). These were examined in a community sample of adolescents from Cyprus. A total of 839 adolescents (males = 352, females = 485; no response = 2) with ages ranging from 14 to 18 years [mean (SD) = 15.52 years (0.64 years)] completed the SCL-90-R and the Fünf-Faktoren-Fragebogen für Kinder (FFFK), a personality measure of the Five-Factor Model of personality. Relevant to the first aim, the findings showed the most support for an exploratory structural equal model, with the nine theorized SCL-90-R factors/dimensions. Relevant to the second aim, the SCL-90 dimensions of somatization, obsessive-compulsive, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, anxiety, hostility, and phobic anxiety were associated with the five factors in the FFFK as theoretically predicated by the HiTOP model. The SCL-90-R dimensions for paranoid ideation and psychoticism did not. The findings indicated reasonable support for the theorized nine-factor SCL-90 model; and the use of the SCL-90-R dimension scales of somatization, obsessive-compulsive, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, anxiety, hostility, and phobic anxiety for measuring the dimensions with similar names in the HiTOP model.

Negative factors of personality hardiness that effect on ability to control situation and cope with the stress

IntroductionPersonality hardiness expresses the characteristics that help to overcome stress and achieve well-being.ObjectivesThis study focused on the Hardiness as the important personality trait, which allow coping with stress and the relationship of empathy, emotional sensitivity and the personality hardiness.Methods88 healthy volunteers, students aged 17 to 26 years (mean age = 19, SD = 1,69), participated in this study. We used Cloninger’s Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI), the Maddi Hardiness Survey (adapted by Leontyev), Buss Perry Aggression Questionnaire (BPAQ), the Barratt impulsiveness scale (BIS-11), Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), the Questionnaire Measure of Emotional Empathy (QMEE).Results The cluster analysis was used to identify groups of hardy personalities. We demonstrated a negative relationship between hardiness and depression and burnout. It revealed significant differences between these groups by the following traits: Attention (BIS-11), Self-Control (BIS-11), Cognitive Complexity (BIS-11), Hostility (BPAQ), Exploratory activity (NS1 TCI), Shyness of strangers (HA3 TCI), Resourcefulness (S3 TCI). Regression analysis was used to identify Hardiness factors and to build the following regression models. For the first group the models describe 100% of dispersion (R-square=1,000, Durbin-Watson statistic = 1,419) and are:Control = -16,998 - 2,922*С2 + 3,549*С5 + 3,264*CI + 0,723*ST2 + 0,747*S4 - 0,306*SC + 0,166*RD3 - 0,020*C — 0,003*NS2, where C2 – scale Empathy (TCI), C5 – scale Principles (TCI), CI – cognitive instability, ST2 – Transpersonal identification scale (TCI), S4 – Self-acceptance (TCI), SC – Self-Control (BIS-11), RD3 – Social attachment (TCI), C – Cooperativeness (TCI), NS2 – Impulsive decision making (TCI). The Hardiness model described 50% (R-square=0,456) of dispersion:Hardiness = 63,527 – 4,080*C2, where C2 –Empathy scale (TCI) (p=0,003).The regression models of the second group explain 50% of group dispersion (R-square=0,512) and are Independent variables significance p<0,05:Challenge = 12,484 + 0,389*SC + 0,197*EE — 0,702*RD1 — 0,206*A,where SC- Self-Control scale (BIS-11), EE – Emotional Empathy (Personality test of Emotional Empathy), RD1 – Sentimentality scale (TCI), A – Anger (BPAQ).The Hardiness model describes 35% of dispersion (R-square=0,364, Durbin-Watson statistic = 2,066): Hardiness = 100,352 + 0,941*SC — 0,527*H, where SC – Self-Control scale (BIS-11) (p=0,009), H – Hostility scale (BPAQ) (p=0,021).ConclusionsThus, the attention and self-control problems, hostility, cognitive complexity and shyness have a negative impact on hardiness.Our results suggest that the excessive use of empathy leads to decrease of ability to control situation and cope with the stress.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

Cynical hostility increases whereas sense of coherence decreases the odds for current suicidal thoughts: A cross-sectional study of the general adult population sample.

Earlier, somatic diseases and mental disorders have been associated with cynical hostility as well as sense of coherence, but there is a gap of knowledge, whether they contribute to suicidality at population level. A random sample of adults, representative of the general population living in Finland, participated in a nationwide health examination study. For 4387 participants aged 18-97 years, we analyzed, after controlling for confounding factors, whether cynical hostility, as assessed with the 8-item Cook-Medley Hostility Scale, or sense of coherence, as assessed with the 13-item Sense of Coherence Scale, contributed to current suicidal thoughts during the past 7 days as scored on the 25-item Hopkins Symptom Checklist. Suicidal thoughts (current thoughts of ending one's life) were associated significantly with cynical hostility (p < 0.001) as well as with sense of coherence (p < 0.001). Of the specific items of cynical hostility, the item "I am sure that most people do not have problems with lying for their own good" was associated most strongly with current suicidal thoughts (p < 0.001). Cynical hostility predicted current suicidal thoughts in a population-based sample of adults aged 18-97 years. Sense of coherence protected from current suicidal thoughts.

Measuring affect in daily life: A multilevel psychometric evaluation of the PANAS-X across four ecological momentary assessment samples.

While there is strong evidence for the psychometric reliability of the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule-Expanded Form (PANAS-X) in cross-sectional studies, the between- and within-person psychometric performance of the PANAS-X in an intensive longitudinal framework is less understood. As affect is thought to be dynamic and responsive to context, this study investigated the multilevel reliability of PANAS-X Positive Affect, Negative Affect, Fear, Sadness, and Hostility scales. Generalizability theory and structural equation modeling techniques (coefficient ω) were employed in four ecological momentary assessment samples (N = 309; 41,261 reports). Results demonstrate that the PANAS-X scales, including short versions of the Positive and Negative Affect scales, can reliably detect between-person differences. PANAS-X scales also were able to reliably measure within-person change, though these estimates may be impacted by scale content and study design. These results support the use of the PANAS-X in daily life research to intensively measure affect in the natural environment. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

Comparison of the effect of hostility on the level of depression of drug addicts and non-addicts and the mediating role of sense of life meaning between them

BackgroundThe level of depression among drug addicts is generally higher than normal. Hostility and sense of life meaning may influence depression and become risk factors for depression. This study has three research purposes. First, to analyze whether drug use can aggravate hostility and depression levels. Second, to assess whether the hostility has different effects on depression among drug addicts and non-addicts. Third, to examine whether the sense of life meaning has a mediating role between different groups (drug addicts and non-addicts).MethodsThis study was conducted from March to June 2022. 415 drug addicts (233 males and 182 females) and 411 non-addicts (174 males and 237 females) were recruited in Chengdu, Sichuan Province. After signing informed consent, their psychometric data were obtained using the Cook-Medley Hostility Scale (CMI), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Meaning in Life Questionnaire (MLQ) questionnaires. Linear regression models were used to assess the impact of hostility and depression among drug addicts and non-addicts. Bootstrap mediation effect tests were used to further test the mediation effect of sense of life meaning between hostility and depression.ResultsThe results showed four main outcomes. First, compared with non-addicts, drug addicts had higher levels of depression. Second, hostility exacerbated depression in both drug addicts and non-addicts. Compared with non-addicts, hostile affect had a greater effect on depression in drug addicts. Third, the sense of life meaning among females was higher than males. Fourth, for drug addicts, the sense of life meaning showed a mediating effect between social aversion and depression, while for non-addicts, the sense of life meaning showed a mediating effect between cynicism and depression.ConclusionsDepression is more severe in drug addicts. More attention should be paid to the mental health of drug addicts, because the elimination of negative emotions is conducive to reintegration into society. Our results provide a theoretical basis for reducing depression among drug addicts and non-addicts. As a protective factor, we can reduce their hostility and depression by improving the sense of life meaning.

Expression of Hostility - Basis of Passive Aggressive Behavior. Correlational Study

Debating the existence and nature of a series of personality disorders, this study revolves around one of the most controversial of them, this being the passive-aggressive personality disorder. The history of its conceptualization is nuanced and complicated, this determining frequent changes in the disorder’s structure and objectiveness. The purpose of this paper is to observe if there are any connections between the passive-aggressiveness, hostility and age. For this scope, there were being used two instruments, which are The Hostility Scale and the Existential Attitudes Questionnaire. Analyzing the results, it was once again showed that passive-aggressiveness cannot be correlated with variables such as the hostility levels or the age of an individual, this once named disorder remaining as difficult to interpret as it was before the decision of erasing it from the “Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders” (2013).

PSYCHOMETRIC PROPERTIES OF THE VACCINE CONSPIRACY BELIEFS SCALE, THE EPISTEMIC BELIEFS QUESTIONNAIRE, AND THE CYNICAL DISTRUST SCALE IN A UKRAINIAN SAMPLE

The current issues in Ukraine, such as declining vaccination rates, increasing belief in conspiracy theories, and rising levels of hostility, necessitate the use of effective tools for assessment. The Vaccine Conspiracy Beliefs Scale (VCBS), Epistemic Beliefs Questionnaire, and Cook-Medley Cynical Hostility Scale (Ho) offer valuable instruments to collect reliable data and facilitate necessary interventions. The Vaccine Conspiracy Belief Scale (VCBS) is a 7-item instrument that assesses an individual's tendency to believe in deceptive information regarding vaccination and related health conditions. The Epistemic Beliefs Questionnaire measures an individual's ability to reason about the political or scientific world. It consists of three subscales, evaluating intuitive understanding of facts, willingness to examine evidence to analyze facts, and belief in the relationship between facts and policy. The questionnaire comprises 12 statements. The Cook-Medley Cynical Hostility Scale (50 items) provides a general assessment of a person's cynicism, hostility, and aggressive reactions. The Cynical Distrust subscale includes 5 statements representing hypothetical views on the actions, behavior, or opinions of others. Our study aimed to test the psychometric properties of the Vaccine Conspiracy Beliefs Scale, the Epistemic Beliefs Questionnaire, and the Cynical Distrust subscale of the Cook-Madley Cynical Hostility Scale (Ho), translated into Ukrainian. We recruited 392 Ukrainian-speaking respondents for the study. The scales underwent evaluation and statistical analysis using Cronbach's alpha, correlation analysis, principal components analysis, exploratory, and confirmatory factor analyses. The components of the Vaccine Conspiracy Beliefs Scale demonstrated a high level of reliability and internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha &gt; 0.95). Principal components analysis, exploratory factor analysis (EFA), and Comparative Fit Index (CFI) indicated a one-factor structure of the scale with a high degree of item fit. The Epistemic Beliefs Questionnaire showed good internal consistency and reliability (α = 0.84) and displayed a three-factor structure. The Cynical Distrust subscale of the Cook-Madley Cynical Hostility Scale demonstrated acceptable indicators of reliability and internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha &gt; 0.73) and showed a one-factor structure with a high degree of fit. The Vaccine Conspiracy Beliefs Scale, the Epistemic Beliefs Questionnaire, and the Cynical Distrust subscale of the Cook-Madley Hostility Scale (Ho) are effective assessment tools and can be used with the Ukrainian population.

The validity of the BDHI translated into Papiamento in pre-trial defendants in Curaçao

The Buss-Durkee Hostility Inventory (BDHI) is an important assessment scale of hostility in forensic psychiatry. We analyzed the validity and reliability of a Papiamento translation of the BDHI in 134 pre-trial defendants in Curaçao using Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling (ESEM). The reliability of the Direct and Indirect Hostility BHDI-P subscales were good and the reliability of the Social Desirability poor. There was a negative correlation between Direct Hostility and Agreeableness and a positive correlation between Indirect Hostility and Anxiety. We conclude that the BDHI-P has an acceptable measurement quality when used in defendants.

Ethical attitudes of the future Russian officials and businessmen: Comparative analysis

Introduction. In accordance with the Bucharest Declaration of Ethical Values and Principles of Higher Education (2004), modern universities cannot be considered only as scientific and technical “factories” in isolation from values and ethical norms. In accordance with their mission in society, they should “contribute in every possible way to the establishment and inculcation of the highest moral standards”.In this article, the problem of training future government and municipal employees in the Russian universities of the country is actualised based on the analysis of the research results of their ethical attitudes in order to indirectly assess the effectiveness of anti-corruption training of students of specialised educational programmes in the areas of “Government and Municipal Administration” and “Law”.Aim. The present empirical study aimed to identify the ethical attitudes of future officials in comparison with future entrepreneurs, as well as with the employees of commercial companies and government officials.Methodology and research methods. The authors conducted an online research. The research involved 874 people. The main test sample (134 students) consisted of two groups: students of the speciality “Government and Municipal Administration” and “Law” (70 people), and students of business education programmes (64 people). The background sample consisted of the government and municipal employees (39.0% of the total sample) and the employees of commercial companies (36.5%), as well as the representatives of NGOs (6.8%). In the course of a comparative study, using the questionnaire “Moral Views (Amoralism)-2” by E. A. Bulgakova, and the scale of the “Dark Future” by Z. Zalessky, the authors tested the hypothesis on the samples of future officials and future business representatives. The tested hypothesis was based on some works of foreign authors and consisted of the fact that future Russian entrepreneurs were expected to have a higher degree of relativism (than future officials), supporting personal moral standards and rejecting universal moral principles.Results. The tested hypothesis was not confirmed by the research results. Compared to future entrepreneurs, future officials are significantly more likely to justify the act of appropriation, deception due to omissions, and revenge within the law. Future officials turned out to have higher indicators on the scales of cynicism, aggressiveness and hostility than students in the field of business education. In addition, future civil servants have more uncertainty about whether they will be able to take place in life, fears about possible collisions with life crises and difficulties, as well as anxiety for their future. Existing university ethics training programmes often only strengthen relativistic views and form deviant behaviour in the future.Scientific novelty. The scientific novelty of the study consists in the fact that the authors carried out theoretical analysis and empirical research, which consisted in the study of ethical attitudes among the representatives of two professional groups.Practical significance. As part of the development of training programmes, it is advisable to increase the emphasis on structurally mature ethical attitudes of professionals, especially state and municipal employees.

Risk behaviors in substance use disorder in a sample of Egyptian female patients with or without symptoms of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder

BackgroundRisk-taking behaviors are associated with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and substance use disorder (SUD). Individuals with both diagnoses have been reported to have an earlier onset, a longer course, and greater severity, with more relapses and greater difficulty remaining abstinent.The current study was assessing females seeking treatment for SUDs for the presence of comorbid ADHD, to investigate the association between severity of SUD and co-occurring ADHD symptoms and to examine related risk behaviors. Therefore, thirty female patients were enrolled, and demographic data was collected. Participants were interviewed by SCID I, addiction severity index, Arabic-translated and validated version of the adult ADHD Self-Report Scale Barratt Impulsiveness Scale Version 11, and Arabic version of the Adult Scale of Hostility and Aggression.ResultsThirty female patients were included in the study, and 33.3% had extreme severity, on the addiction severity index scale. Fifteen patients had ADHD symptoms; 33.3% had high likely scores, according to Adult ADHD Self-Reported Scale (ASRS). There is a significant difference regarding the age of onset of substance use and smoking (P = 0.029), first sexual activity (P = 0.002), number of sexual partners (P = 0.009), impairment in employment, and family and social relationships items (P = 0.024, P = 0.028, respectively) in SUD patients with ADHD symptoms than in SUD patients without ADHD symptoms.ConclusionFemale patients diagnosed with adult ADHD have an earlier age of smoking and substance use, having first sexual activity at younger age, and having more sexual partners with more employment, family, and social relationship problems.

Hostility and prevalent diabetes among black adults: The Jackson Heart Study

Background and aimsThe relationship between hostility and the prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) among black adults was investigated using the Jackson Heart Study (JHS) cohort. We hypothesized that Cook-Medley Hostility scores will be positively related with the prevalence of DM. Methods and resultsA total of 3232 black adults who completed at least one question for each of the three subscales of the Cook-Medley Hostility Scale and had data available regarding DM status were included. Using multivariate logistic regression, we studied the cross-sectional relationship between the overall Total Cook-Medley Hostility scores and individual subscales, hostile affect (n = 3232), aggression (n = 3119) and cynical distrust (n = 3085), with prevalent DM, adjusting for known DM confounders. Our population was 36% male with a mean age of 53.5 ± 0.9 years. In risk-factor adjusted models, each point higher in the overall Total Cook-Medley Hostility scores was associated with increased odds of having DM [Adjusted OR 1.02, 95%CI 1.00–1.04, P = 0.03]. Higher scores of cynicism were independently associated with prevalent DM [Adjusted OR 1.04, 95%CI 1.01–1.07, p = 0.021]. ConclusionsThere was a positive relationship between overall hostility levels and prevalent DM. Future studies should investigate the extent to which additional social determinants may impact the relationship between hostile affect and prevalent DM.

Approbation of Modified Hostility Scale in Russian-speaking sample

Approbation of Modified Hostility Scale in Russian-speaking sample

Propensity to Extremism in the Context of Socio-Psychological Maladjustment

The study is devoted to the definition of individual psychological characteristics of propensity to extremism in the context of socio-psychological maladaptation. The attractiveness of the Columbine subculture and extremist movements is associated with the socio-psychological maladaptation of the individual. This actualizes the task of early identification of a risk group for the provision of psychological assistance in order to prevent the radicalization of the individual. Research hypothesis: students with a tendency to extremism have individual psychological characteristics of the personality, indicating the specifics of their socio-psychological maladaptation. We studied 578 students of 1–6 courses of study at universities in Primorsky Krai, Khabarovsk Krai, the Republic of Dagestan and Moscow. The following methods were used: Propensity of extremism detection screening method; R. Cattell’s The Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire (16 PF), form A; Temperament Feature Accentuation Test (TFAT); The Cook-Medley Hostility Scale (CMHS); A. Ellis&amp;apos; technique for diagnosing irrational attitudes and projective technique “12 archetypes plus” (12A+) by R.V. Kadyrov, T.V. Kapustina. It was found that the specificity of the socio-psychological maladjustment of students prone to extremism is determined by the following individual psychological characteristics: underestimation of one&amp;apos;s own capabilities, painful sensitivity to criticism, isolation, alienation, a tendency to subject others to strict evaluation, denying them trust, a low threshold of emotional stability, emotional lability, suspicion and irritability, the desire to act in their own interests, neglecting social norms, rules and standards, as well as a combination of conceit and self-criticism, a combination of low tolerance for frustrating situations with an exaggeration of one&amp;apos;s stress resistance. These students show signs of depression: depression, anxiety, a tendency to self-flagellation, immersion in gloomy experiences.

Understanding Schadenfreude through Personality Factors and Relational Aggression

The purpose of this study was to explain the mediator role of relational aggression between schadenfreude and personality traits through the path model. Dark traits, agreeableness and hostility as personality factors are thought to be related to relational aggression according to General Aggression Model. Thus, the model was proposed by the author which included direct and indirect effects of personality factors on relational aggression and schadenfreude. 306 adults completed an online survey comprising dark triad, Proactive/Reactive Relational Aggression, agreeableness, and hostility scales and author-generated measure of expressed schadenfreude. Path analysis revealed that schadenfreude was predicted by only reactive but not with proactive relational aggression. Moreover, schadenfreude was predicted by the dark triad indirectly through reactive relational aggression. The dark triad was also predicted by agreeableness and hostility. Although reactive and proactive relational aggression were predicted by agreeableness and hostility, only reactive agression had a mediator role between personality traits (agreeableness, dark triad, hostility) and schadenfreude. Findings and implications for the future research were discussed. Limitations of the current study were also mentioned.

Профилактика агрессивности и враждебности сотрудников полиции при помощи технологии развития способностей к эмоционально-волевой саморегуляции

Introduction. Aggressiveness is one of the forms of manifestation of the personality deviations and is differentiated by the degree of intensity from its normal indicators to extreme ones. In the activities of police officers, aggressiveness acts as a defense mechanism, which often exceeds the limits of moderately protective reactions and reaches the level of extreme aggression, manifested as an inadequate response to the exposure of the environmental stimuli. Theoretical analysis of the phenomena of aggressiveness and hostility, as well as the peculiarities of their manifestation in the professional activities of police officers shows the propensity of employees to aggressive and hostile forms of behavior, characterized by stability and stereotypes, determined by both the emotions of fear and formed personality deformities, pathological properties of character. The need for self-control of emotional reactions and lack of competence in assessing the emotional states of others increases the risks of aggressiveness and deviant behavior of police officers and forms a type of destructive personality. For the sphere of professional activity this is a significant obstacle in ensuring its effectiveness and reliability. Prevention of aggressiveness and hostility requires the development and implementation of technology that ensures the development of negative affects regulation skills, emotional states and behavior.&#x0D; The purpose of the study was to identify the degree of intensity of various indicators of aggressiveness and hostility of police officers, as well as to analyze their changes due to the application of the technology development abilities of emotional-volitional self-regulation.&#x0D; Methodology, methods and techniques. A complex of empirical and mathematical methods was used in the analysis of changes in the aggression indicators. Empirical data were obtained with the following techniques: the scale of neuropsychic adaptation (J.N. Gurvich), the method «Types of aggressiveness» (L.G. Pochebut), the Cook-Medley Hostility Scale. Data processing was performed using a specialized software package IBM SPSS Statistics 23 and Microsoft Excel. The research used a comparative analysis of empirical data. A group of employees (n=82) with signs of neuropsychic maladaptation of a nonpathological nature was separated from the total sample of subjects (n=253) and divided into an experimental (n=41) and a control group (n=41). In the experimental group, classes were organized for the development of abilities to emotional-volitional self-regulation (forming experiment).&#x0D; Results and interpretation. A comparative analysis of the values of aggressiveness and hostility of police officers before and after the experiment showed reliable differences for 3 indicators out of 9 (33.33%): self-aggression, total aggressiveness index, and hostility. In the values of the control and experimental groups during the realization of the ascertaining experiment no reliable differences were revealed, after the experiment statistically significant differences in the indicators were found: verbal aggression, emotional aggression, self-aggression, total aggressiveness index, cynicism, aggressiveness, hostility.&#x0D; Scientific novelty of the study lies in identifying the indicators of aggression and hostility of police officers experiencing states of neuropsychic maladaptation, in clarifying the role of abilities to emotional and volitional self-regulation in the prevention of aggression and hostility, in determining the parameters of changes in the intensity of aggressive and hostile manifestations in the experiment.&#x0D; Practical Significance. The change in the indicators of aggressiveness and hostility, identified as a result of the forming experiment, indicates the effectiveness of the technology development abilities to emotional and volitional self-regulation and on this basis allows to develop author programs to manage negative emotions and implement the prevention of deviant behavior of police officers.

Psychopathological aspects of sexting and IBSA perpetrators: A brief research report.

IntroductionIBSA has been defined as taking, distributing, and/or making threats to distribute, a sexual image without a person's consent, and up to date there is still limited research on IBSA perpetration and characteristics of IBSA perpetrators. Thus, the aim of this study was to identify characteristics of IBSA perpetrators, in order to guide future intervention and prevention programs.MethodsAn online survey was conducted regarding IBSA related behaviors and psychopathology. The original sample comprised 1,370 Spanish college students (74% females).ResultsThe IBSA perpetrator subsample comprised 284 participants (49.5% females). Our findings indicate that perpetrators are more commonly males, with higher psychopathology scores, especially in hostility scales, with previous IBSA victimization experiences, and who usually target friends, to have fun or as a joke, or partners, to flirt. Furthermore, when examining intragroup differences regarding perpetration level of severity, results showed that those who reported engaging in the most severe forms of IBSA reported higher rates of psychopathology and hostility. Yet, to intervene in those who present more severe behaviors, we must also pay attention to depression, somatization and sleep disturbances.ConclusionsIBSA perpetrators share key factors that could be targeted in forensic and clinical interventions, and that should be taken into account when designing effective offender intervention programs. Intervention programs should focus on anger-management issues that help reduce perpetrators' hostility and anxiety symptoms, and should also be aimed at modifying attitudes that justify perpetration behaviors and contribute to harmful interactions with their friends or to intimate partner violent dynamics.

Development and Validation of a Measure of Passive Aggression Traits: The Passive Aggression Scale (PAS)

Although passive aggression is known as a pathological personality trait, the concept is unclear, and there is a lack of tools to measure it comprehensively. Thus, this study developed and validated a tool for measuring passive-aggressive behaviors. Data on basic information about passive aggression traits were collected from 20 experts using open-ended questions. To verify content validity, Delphi surveys were conducted twice with five experts. Data for item analysis were collected from 123 Korean adults. Reliability and validity were analyzed using data obtained from 408 Korean adults. The three-factor model for the passive aggression scale (PAS) showed satisfactory model fits. Cronbach’s αs for inducing criticism, avoiding/ignoring, and sabotaging subscales, and the total PAS, were 0.91, 0.91, 0.92, and 0.93, respectively. The test–retest coefficient of the PAS also indicates that this tool is reliable. Analyses of the criterion-related validity revealed that the PAS was closely correlated with the scores of some scales that measure passive aggression with a single factor. In addition, the correlations between the PAS, Cook-Medley Hostility Scale, and State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory scores supported our understanding of the concept of passive aggression. This study highlights the utility of PAS as a useful and comprehensive measure of passive-aggressive behaviors to be adopted by researchers and clinicians.

ANALYSIS ON THE CAUSES OF ANXIETY SENSITIVITY OF POST MILLENNIUM COLLEGE STUDENTS' AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOR IN THE CONTEXT OF INTEGRATED MEDIA

BackgroundThe “post millennials” in the millennium have gradually become the leaders and protagonists of university campuses. They have distinct personalities and are deeply influenced by the development of network and information technology. Therefore, their aggressive behavior is more likely to be infinitely magnified by the magnifying glass, which has become a hot and focus issue of general concern in the society. Research shows that college students' aggressive behavior is affected by many psychological factors. Therefore, this study analyzes the psychological factors affecting the aggressive behavior of post-90s college students, combined with the research results and the group characteristics of post-90s college students. At the same time, this paper also focuses on the anxiety sensitivity behind college students' aggressive behavior, so as to provide educational enlightenment for College Ideological and Political Education under the background of media integration.Subjects and MethodsThis study used a questionnaire composed of cognitive emotion regulation scale, Chinese version of interpersonal response index scale, active response aggression scale, WSAP hostility scale and Chinese version of adolescent apathy and ruthlessness quality scale. The research subjects include 1698 college students from three universities in Guangxi, two higher vocational colleges and one university in Tianjin. Mplus 8.0 was used for deviation analysis of common methods, and spss24 was used. 0 software was used for descriptive statistics, independent sample t-test and multiple regression analysis to investigate the current situation and psychological influencing factors of college students after 00. Combined with the Interaction Anxiety Scale (IAS) compiled by Leary, there are 15 questions in total, with a single dimension and a 5-level score. From 1 to 5, it means “very inconsistent” to “very consistent”. The higher the score, the greater the degree of social anxiety. 1.2.2 the emotion regulation self-efficacy scale adopts the emotion regulation self-efficacy scale (RES) revised by Caprara, with 12 questions, which is divided into three dimensions: expressing positive emotions, managing depression / pain emotions and managing anger / anger emotions, with 4 questions in each dimension. A 5-level score is adopted, from 1 to 5, which means “very inconsistent” to “very consistent”. The higher the score, the higher the degree of self-confidence in regulating their emotions. In this study, Cronbach's α The coefficient is 0.80.Research Results(1) Most college students show a certain degree of aggressive behavior, but some college students have higher aggressive behavior; (2) There are significant differences in gender, educational background and grade. There is a significant difference between the total score of aggressive behavior and the total score of active aggressive behavior. There were significant differences in the total scores of aggressive behavior, active aggressive behavior and reactive aggressive behavior, while there were significant differences in the total scores of aggressive behavior, active aggressive behavior and reactive aggressive behavior in grades; (3) Coldness, emotion regulation and empathy can significantly predict aggressive behavior. Specifically, ruthlessness, emotion regulation and empathy can significantly predict the total score of aggressive behavior. Cold trait, positive emotion regulation and negative emotion regulation in emotion regulation can significantly predict active aggressive behavior, while cold trait, emotion regulation and empathy can significantly predict reactive aggressive behavior. (4) Social anxiety was significantly negatively correlated with emotional regulation self-efficacy, social anxiety was significantly positively correlated with aggression and depression, emotional regulation self-efficacy was significantly negatively correlated with aggression and depression, and aggression was significantly positively correlated with depressionResearch ConclusionMost college students show aggressive behavior, but the degree is not serious. Ruthlessness, emotion regulation and empathy all play an important role in the process of aggressive behavior. However, there are still some deficiencies in this study, such as the lack of longitudinal research data and physiological data. However, this study deeply analyzes the current situation and influencing factors of College Students' aggressive behavior after the millennium, as well as the opportunities and challenges brought to college ideological and political education, so as to further explore the effective strategies to prevent and reduce college students' aggressive behavior. The relevant research can also help to analyze the three special factors of social attention, cognitive attention and physical attention.AcknowledgementsThis paper is the special subject of 2020 student funding research in the 13th five year plan of Guangxi Education Science, “Research on the effectiveness of precise funding needs of poor college students in ethnic minority areas under the background of big data” (2020ZJY121); 2022 Nanning Normal University Student Work Project: Research on Labor Education for “Post-00” College Students in the New Era (2022XG01).