Hostile Media Research Articles

Appraising the corrosion inhibitory efficacy and adsorption mechanism of leaf extract of Datura discolor on low-carbon steel in low pH media via gravimetric experiments and AFM analysis

BackgroundThe study investigated the inhibitory action of Datura discolor leaf extract against the corrosion of low-carbon steel in 0.5 M solutions of three acids. The purpose was to ascertain the effect of extract concentration, immersion time and temperature variation on corrosion inhibitory efficiency, and to relate to existing reports which show that organic molecules in most plant extracts inhibit corrosion. Extraction of the leaves was done by maceration using methanol, and solvent was removed by evaporation to dryness. Classical gravimetric (mass loss) experiments were used, and experimental data were fitted to adsorption isotherm models to ascertain the best approximation. Surface examination of the low-carbon steel substrates was carried out using the atomic force microscope.ResultsInhibitory protective efficiency of extract was found to appreciate with increasing Datura discolor leaf extract concentration at a fixed temperature, with values ranging 77.6–88.8%, 91.35–98.08% and 19.64–44.64% in H2SO4, HCl and HNO3 solutions respectively at 27 °C. Elevation of temperature was found to depreciate the inhibitor efficiency at constant inhibitor concentration. Best isotherm model fitting was obtained with Langmuir model both at 27 °C and 60 °C and in all the hostile media, while Temkin model gave good approximation only at 60 °C and in H2SO4 and HCl solutions only. The negative values of free energy of adsorption (ΔGads0)\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$(\\Delta G_{{{\ ext{ads}}}}^{0} )$$\\end{document} suggested that the adsorptive interaction of the inhibitor with the substrate surface was very spontaneous. Values of ΔGads0\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\Delta G_{{{\ ext{ads}}}}^{0}$$\\end{document} were all consistent, fluctuating between − 16.35 and − 17.63 kJ mol−1 in both H2SO4 and HCl solutions, and between − 9.76 and − 10.25 kJ mol−1 in HNO3 solution, and this suggests that adsorption of the inhibitor molecules occurred via physisorption. Values of the activation energy of the corrosion reaction (Eact)\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$(E_{{{\ ext{act}}}} )$$\\end{document} are all < 40 kJ mol−1, suggesting that the inhibition occurred by a physical adsorption mechanism.ConclusionsThe study concludes that Datura discolor crude leaf extract suppressed the corrosion reactions, and the inhibition was found to arise from the physisorptive interaction of the organic molecules with the substrate/solution interface, forming a stabilize inhibitor film on the substrate surface as revealed by the atomic force micrographs.

‘What would they think of us?’ The impact of the China threat narrative in Australian media on PRC migrants and social cohesion

This paper engages closely with the perspectives of a particular cohort of Chinese-Australians: first-generation Mandarin-speaking migrants in Australia from the PRC. It aims to examine their responses and reactions to mainstream English-language news stories about their community and about the PRC. Drawing on data from a large quantitative survey, 20 in-depth interviews, and three group discussions, the paper explores three dimensions: how members of this cohort see themselves portrayed in the media; how they see the PRC being portrayed in the media; and what impact they believe such portrayals have on the Australian general public. The discussion aims to update the prevailing analytical framework of hostile media perception, as well as to shed light on the challenges facing the social cohesion agenda in multicultural societies that are a consequence of rapidly changing geopolitical dynamics.

How political consultants can leverage partisan media combativeness in the U.S.

ABSTRACT The growth of partisan media presents new challenges for political consultants. Informed by social identity theory and truth-default theory, this paper examines how U.S. voters react to politicians in combative news interviews. Experiment 1 (N = 320) establishes that an ingroup politician gains more trust among ingroup voters when interviewed by cross-partisan media accusing the politician of deception than when interviewed more congenially by co-partisan media. Experiment 2 (N = 131) finds that perceived media hostility increases Democrats’ and Republicans’ trust in a politician regardless of whether the interviewer accuses the politician of deception or is congenial. Experiment 3 (N = 126) replicates the findings when a Democrat is accused of deception on Fox News. The study tested a moderated mediation model, finding that Republican and Democratic voters do not react differently in the process. The discussion highlights the practical and theoretical implications of hostile media perceptions and ingroup–outgroup partisan bias in a polarized media environment with conflicting exposure to live fact-checking and deception detection.

Variations in media framing of movements in China, France, and the U.S.: An intersectional approach.

Current literature often links contentious protests with media hostility, showing that news outlets typically portray protests involving disruption or violence in a negative light. Contesting this literature, this work introduces an intersectional approach-focusing on geopolitics, protest goals and actions-to theorize divergences in the media framing of protests that entail violence. To illustrate these divergences, we use mixed methods-network analysis and content analysis-to examine an original dataset on U.S. media coverage of three large movements in different countries. These movements share similarities in their anti-status quo goals and contentious actions but differ in geopolitical locations: one taking place in the U.S., the second in a U.S. ally country, and the third in a non-ally country. As the first to apply network analysis in movement-media studies, this comparative study contributes to a systematic examination of media framing variations both within and across social movements. This work also complicates our understanding of violence and media representation by introducing a theoretically-informed approach that considers multiple factors simultaneously.

Does Tribe Trump Facts? Novel Measures of Hostile Media

A national panel survey (n = 1,332) oversampled partisans (40% Democrat, 40% Republican, 20% Independent) and exposed them to an experiment showing partisan news sources (Fox News Channel and MSNBC) and partisan content, in a test of hostile media perception. Partisans did not find the news outlets to be hostile but did find out-group content to be hostile. The study also compared partisan cable news with broadcast TV news and found that viewers of traditional broadcast news (both network and local) were more moderate and viewed the news, and news sources, as less hostile. This study is also one of the first to examine the role of emerging social media outlets which have reportedly been embraced on the right, including Parler, Telegram, MeWe, Gab, Gettr, and Rumble.

Behind the black box: The moderating role of the machine heuristic on the effect of transparency information about automated journalism on hostile media bias perception

Facing historically low levels of public trust, journalists had been increasingly interested in the potential of artificial intelligence to produce news content. Some have suggested that Automated Journalism (AJ) may reduce Hostile Media Biases (HMB), where partisans perceive balanced articles as slanted against their side. However, empirical evidence for the hypothesis remains limited and inconclusive. In this study, we examine whether the effectiveness of AJ at reducing HMB perceptions could be enhanced by disclosure of transparency information about how the algorithm works. We conducted an online experiment ( N = 264 US adults) in which participants were randomly assigned to read a balanced news article about gun control written by different authors (AJ, AJ + transparency information, journalist, student, no author). Our findings indicate that AJ transparency, on average, did not significantly reduce HMB compared to AJ along. A significant interaction effect was identified: participants who strongly endorsed the machine heuristic were less likely to perceive the content in the AJ transparency condition, but not that of other conditions, as biased. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.

The Corrective Effect of Fact-Checking and Hostile Media Perceptions: A Three-Way Interaction Model between Social Media News Usage and Political Misperceptions

With the proliferation of fake news and misinformation, fact-checking journalism is booming worldwide. However, whether its corrective effect is still valid and generalizable in daily news consumption settings outside the laboratory requires further inves­tigation. In addition, some partisans argue that the content of fact-checking news has a partisan bias that makes it unfavorable to particular political figures or parties. This perceived bias is beginning to take root in some citizens’ minds. Using data from a national survey during the 2022 Korean presidential election (N = 948), we explore whether hostile media perception theory extends to biased perceptions of fact-checking news and affects its corrective effect. The results of the three-way interaction model indicate that exposure to fact-checking news helps reduce citizens’ belief in political misinformation when using social media news. However, perceived hostility to fact-checking news reduces the corrective effect of fact-checking. Specifically, those who are frequently exposed to fact-checking news but have a strong hostile media perception related to fact-checking news are less likely to assess misinformation more accurately than those with low perceived hostility when using social media news. The implications and limitations of this study are discussed.

Damn Their Media, Damn the Other Side: Direct and Indirect Effects of Relative Hostile Media Perception on Affective Polarization

ABSTRACT This study examined how relative hostile media perception (i.e. a perceived credibility gap between pro- and counter-attitudinal partisan media outlets) connects to affective polarization. Drawing on theoretical foundations of the corrective action and the self-effects of communication, we tested whether expressive political participation resulting from relative hostile media perceptions exacerbated affective polarization. Findings from a two-wave national survey indicated that relative hostile media perception predicted affective polarization, and this relationship was mediated by expressive political participation. This study supplements the traditional focus on news exposure with a perspective centered on audience perceptions about how partisan media contribute to affective polarization.

From Hostile Media Perceptions to Action: The Role of Racial Empathy in the Black Lives Matter Movement

ABSTRACT In the wake of the 2020 Black Lives Matter (BLM) protests that swept across the nation, this study aims to identify potential cognitive-motivational factors that account for the increased likelihood among pro-movement citizens to engage in BLM activism. Using a nationally representative survey of U.S. adults, we examine a theoretical model grounded in the Orientation-Stimuli-Orientation-Response framework in which the racial empathy that may emerge from perceptions of a hostile information environment plays a pivotal mediating role in the path from partisan support to peaceful/confrontational forms of BLM action. Theoretical and practical implications of our findings are discussed.

Neutral news from in- and out-party media and attitudes toward them: integration of expectancy violations theory and hostile media perceptions

ABSTRACT The contemporary U.S. media environment is characterized by a strong partisan divide. Both Democrats and Republicans express strong distrust in oppositional media and accuse them of showing partisan bias. Clearly, this public opinion climate is not helpful to a healthy democracy. Unlike the common wisdom, these news outlets do provide neutral political coverage. Based on propositions from expectancy violation theory and hostile media perceptions, we test the effects of exposure to neutral news from an out-party outlet on violation interpretation and attitudes toward oppositional media. An online experiment (N = 610) shows that exposure to neutral news from an out-party outlet leads to violation unexpectedness and valence for Democrats and violation valence for Republicans. We also find an indirect positive effect of exposure to neutral news on attitudes toward an out-party outlet through violation valence for Democrats and Republicans. Unlike what can be expected of hostile media perceptions, these effects are more noticeable for stronger partisans. Our study also reveals different patterns of partisan reactions to neutral news from in-party outlets. Theoretical implications are discussed.

Investigating the Relationships Among HMP, Credibility, and TPP of News Media and Their Links to News Media Policy Support

Abstract Prior research has suggested that perceptions of bias, credibility, and influence of news media may relate to one another but there have been relatively few efforts to integrate these concepts under a coherent theoretical framework. Based on social identity theory, we examined whether political identity relates to hostile media perception (HMP), credibility, and third-person perception (TPP) and if such perceptions in tandem predict attitudes toward news media policies—restriction of news media and media literacy education, which may neutralize the influences of seemingly hostile and untrustworthy news media. Findings from two national online surveys showed that strong partisans tend to perceive stronger HMP and less credibility in news media. Additionally, progressives had greater HMP. HMP and TPP were positively associated with media restriction policy support and media literacy education support. Credibility showed negative associations with restrictive media policy support, whereas the opposite pattern was found in the relationship with media education support. Furthermore, the positive associations between HMP and media policy support were mediated by TPP. The negative associations between credibility and restrictive media policy support were also mediated by TPP.

Views from the other side

The study explores the perspectives of political parties regarding news media coverage in election campaigns. By analyzing official post-election analyses produced by Swedish political parties from 2010 to 2022, the study offers a novel approach to the study of political party views of news media. The findings largely support the arguments proposed by mediatization literature, highlighting the significance of media in party communication. Parties display eagerness to attract positive media attention while expressing regret over inadequate or negative publicity. More surprisingly, there is a lack of references to media bias in the reports, suggesting that the hostile media effect is not a major concern among Swedish parties. Despite criticisms related to irrelevant reporting and perceived negative coverage, party perceptions towards the media remains predominantly neutral. The study contributes to the understanding of the complex relationship between political parties and news media in the context of election campaigns.

Truculent Post Analysis for Hindi Text

INTRODUCTION: With the rise of social media platforms, the prevalence of truculent posts has become a major concern. These posts, which exhibit anger, aggression, or rudeness, not only foster a hostile environment but also have the potential to stir up harm and violence.&#x0D; OBJECTIVES: It is essential to create efficient algorithms for detecting virulent posts so that they can recognise and delete such content from social media sites automatically. In order to improve accuracy and efficiency, this study evaluates the state-of-the-art in truculent post detection techniques and suggests a unique method that combines deep learning and natural language processing. The major goal of the proposed methodology is to successfully regulate hostile social media posts by keeping an eye on them.&#x0D; METHODS: In order to effectively identify the class labels and create a deep-learning method, we concentrated on comprehending the negation words, sarcasm, and irony using the LSTM model. We used multilingual BERT to produce precise word embedding and deliver semantic data. The phrases were also thoroughly tokenized, taking into consideration the Hindi language, thanks to the assistance of the Indic NLP library.&#x0D; RESULTS: The F1 scores for the various classes are given in the "Proposed approach” as follows: 84.22 for non-hostile, 49.26 for hostile, 68.69 for hatred, 49.81 for fake, and 39.92 for offensive&#x0D; CONCLUSION: We focused on understanding the negation words, sarcasm and irony using the LSTM model, to classify the class labels accurately and build a deep-learning strategy.

Can AI Become Walter Cronkite? Testing the Machine Heuristic, the Hostile Media Effect, and Political News Written by Artificial Intelligence

Advances in artificial intelligence (AI) in news writing are ushering in significant changes in journalism. This study examined how the nature of a story’s author (human or news bot journalist) affects how audiences assess a news story and its writer. Applying a Relative Hostile Media perspective, an experiment examined the effect of the ideological distance between news outlets and audiences. Results reveal that people express more positive attitudes—and trust—toward human journalists than toward AI journalists, but they perceive the latter as less biased. Also, story and outlet credibility have a negative relationship with ideological distance from outlets.

News bias perceptions as impacted by source cues, content cues, and media bias ratings

ABSTRACT Using three experimental studies, this research considers whether exposure to source cues, content cues, and media bias ratings impacts perceptions of ideological bias in news stories. As a possible news media literacy intervention strategy, viewing a media bias ratings chart after reading a news story had limited influence on assessments of bias. Source cues consistently influenced bias perceptions. Study 1 and Study 2 revealed evidence of the relative hostile media perception, where Republicans and Democrats perceived the news stories as biased in the same direction but to a significantly different degree. This finding did not replicate in Study 3, where content cues were held constant. Thus, content cues, alongside source cues, appear necessary in facilitating the relative hostile media perception.

MASS MILITARY PSYCHOSIS IN CONTEMPORARY RUSSIA: THE PERFORMATIVE DIMENSION OF COUNTERMEASURES

The article examines how to counteract the mass militaristic psychosis (MMP) in modern Russia that is unfolded in discourses and narratives of the hostile media and is consistent with societal psyche intentions. The study’s purpose is to substantiate the methods (collective and individual) counteracting causes, manifestations and consequences of MMP in the aggressor country in the context of the performative approach in psychotherapy. Research methods: analysis of everyday discourse and media content to identify leading intentions of ideological influence, including observation and comparative analysis of the effectiveness of various psychotherapeutic methods, and axiopsychological reinterpretation of some psychotherapeutic practices. The results. The study revealed limited possibilities for implementing psychological education and encouraging critical thinking of the militaristic propaganda recipients. Instead, in the era of dominance of performance, when contemplation has been replaced with actions, the techniques of “emotional judo” become useful that introducing careful counterarguments to remove leaders – demagogues and dictators – from power and to apply real changes in life circumstances (primarily, to achieve Ukraine’s victory in the war). The forms of individual resistance to MMP, the imperial “rashism” ideology are derived from M. Seligman's PERMA formula. This is an axio-psychological interpretation of its emotional, intellectual, communicative and physical (acts) components. The article considers types of shaming used by political bloggers due to the total influence of Internet communications and widely spread invective practices in media content. The features of limited shaming in counter-propaganda are described. Conclusions. The antidote to MMP in the latest era of Meta-modernism means the performative exposition of its causes, manifestations and consequences to achieve real value transformation in the population affected by the imperial ideology. Axiopsychological reinterpretation of the positive psychological formula PERMA consists of the following steps: emotional rejection, reflexive criticism, value-orientation unity, reliance on a sense of dignity, defense of universal values and the will to defeat an existential enemy.

The role of affective and cognitive involvement in the mitigating effects of AI source cues on hostile media bias

With an experimental design, this study examined the effect of source cues (Human vs. AI) on hostile media bias through heuristic machine evaluation of machine and human social media profiles. This study also explored the effects of affective and cognitive involvement as moderators along with media source-self ideological incongruity (source incongruity). A 2 (human vs. AI) x 3 (CNN vs. USA Today vs. Fox News) experimental study was conducted (n = 434). Participants exhibited less hostile media bias when presented with a news story with AI source cues through heuristic machine evaluation. The mitigating effect was stronger for those viewing news from an incongruent news source. Such moderated mediated effect was further moderated by two types of involvement (i.e., affective and cognitive). Implications for future research surrounding the two types of involvement, source incongruity, machine heuristic evaluations, and hostile media bias are discussed in light of our findings.

The presence of hostile media phenomenon in Ethiopian private, federal and regional television channels

Since Ethiopia’s 2018 transition, sporadic ethnic and political violence and conflict and inter-group divisions have brought the nation to its knees. This study aims to assess the presence of the Hostile Media Phenomenon (HMP) among audiences of Ethiopian private, regional and federal television channels. Survey data were gathered from 600 participants living in Addis Ababa City, Amhara and Oromia regional states and were purposely chosen based on their historical and political dominance in the country. The study examined six different television channels found in the three regions: Oromia Broadcast Network (OBN), Amhara Broadcast Corporation, Addis TV, Wlata TV, Fana Broadcast Corporation (FBC) and Ethiopian Broadcast Corporation (EBC). The results of this study indicate that the regional states’ television channels play a major role in intensifying the hostile media phenomenon as well as in motivating violence and conflict among different regional states and groups of people.

I Participate in Politics Because the News is Influential Against Me: Hostile Media Perception, Third-Person Perception, and Political Participation

ABSTRACT The present study examines the interactive roles of hostile media perception (HMP) and third-person perception (TPP) on political participation. In the context of partisan news and polarized politics, an online experiment (N = 811) found that partisan source cues (in-group vs. out-group news sources) and content slants (pro-attitudinal vs. counter-attitudinal news stories) led to HMP separately, but they did not interact. Next, HMP enhanced political participation intentions, and further HMP mediated the effects of the two partisan news features on participation. Furthermore, nuanced differences in the moderating roles of TPP were found between in-group and out-group targets. HMP and TPP let partisans take part in politics interactively when political opponents were compared, but such synergistic effects were not found when it came to likeminded targets.

Diversified exposure mitigates biased perceptions: Involvement, media exposure, and hostile media perceptions toward coverage of U.S.-China trade disputes

This study empirically tested the proposition that diversified media exposure mediates the effect of involvement on hostile media perceptions (HMPs). Informed by social identity theory and the intergroup contact theory, the study examined issue involvement and cognitive involvement as the antecedents of diversified media exposure concerning U.S.-China trade dispute and tested how diversified media exposure affected peoples’ perceptual bias of U.S. media as out-group media. Using the data collected from a sample of 1029 Chinese media users, the structural equation modeling indicated that issue involvement and cognitive involvement both escalated people's diversified media exposure. Out-group media exposure significantly reduced HMP, whereas expanded information seeking boosted HMP. The serial mediation model also reveals that extended discussion and expanded information seeking mediated the relationship between involvement and HMP.