Host Residents Research Articles

How Does the Residential Complex Regulate Residents’ Behaviour? An Empirical Study to Identify Influential Components of Human Territoriality on Social Interaction

Although urbanisation and urban land limitations are prevalent, residential complexes are seldom discussed as a means of compartmentalising social interactions and contributing to residents’ social interactions. Due to the spatial orientation of social interactions, semi-public spaces in these buildings are unable to host residents’ interactions due to a lack of appropriate arrangements/establishment of tangible and visible objects. The influential components, however, have rarely been identified in residential complexes. To fill this gap, using the theory of human territoriality, the current study explores the influential physical components of human territorialities in semi-public spaces in four residential complexes and investigates whether a significant relationship exists between human territorialities’ physical components and social interactions. This study collected data from 264 residents of four residential complexes with different spatial configuration layouts. Pearson correlation and Spearman’s rank correlation are used to evaluate linear and monotonic relationships between study variables. The correlation between spatial configurations of physical components and residents’ interactions confirms that spatial configurations influence residents’ use of semi-public spaces. Social interaction can, therefore, be improved through green space, brightness, accessibility, and furniture in common areas. The findings prove that residential complexes with clustered arrangements have not performed well in creating social interaction due to the lack of defined spaces and territories for people, but multi-core, mixed, and linear complexes that define several open and semi-open spaces have been more successful in the amount of social interaction of residents. This study is one of the first to identify the influential components using the integration of residents’ perceptions and spatial configuration.

Surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 in sewage from buildings housing residents with different vulnerability levels

During the last three years, various restrictions have been set up to limit the transmission of the Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19). While these rules apply at a large scale (e.g., country-wide level) human-to-human transmission of the virus that causes COVID-19, the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), occurs at a small scale. Different preventive policies and testing protocols were implemented in buildings where COVID-19 poses a threat (e.g., elderly residences) or constitutes a disruptive force (e.g., schools). In this study, we sampled sewage from different buildings (a school, a university campus, a university residence, and an elderly residence) that host residents of different levels of vulnerability. Our main goal was to assess the agreement between the SARS-CoV-2 concentration in wastewater and the policies applied in these buildings. All buildings were sampled using passive samplers while 24 h composite samples were also collected from the elderly residence. Results showed that passive samplers performed comparably well to composite samples while being cost-effective to keep track of COVID-19 prevalence. In the elderly residence, the comparison of sampling protocols (passive vs. active) combined with the strict clinical testing allowed us to compare the sensitivities of the two methods. Active sampling was more sensitive than passive sampling, as the former was able to detect a COVID-19 prevalence of 0.4 %, compared to a prevalence of 2.2 % for passive sampling. The number of COVID-19-positive individuals was tracked clinically in all the monitored buildings. More frequent detection of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater was observed in residential buildings than in non-residential buildings using passive samplers. In all buildings, sewage surveillance can be used to complement COVID-19 clinical testing regimes, as the detection of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater remained positive even when no COVID-19-positive individuals were reported. Passive sampling is useful for building managers to adapt their COVID-19 mitigation policies.

Relationship between Track and Field Spectators' Motivation and Place Attachment: Cognitive Evaluations of Spectators of the Host Residents

Relationship between Track and Field Spectators' Motivation and Place Attachment: Cognitive Evaluations of Spectators of the Host Residents

"We … We Had Fun, We Did Have Fun": Long-term Sport Event Outcomes and Community Tensions

Publicly funded sport events (may) affect the relationship between governments and residents. The use of taxpayers' money creates certain expectations, including community-focused event outcomes. The purpose of this article is to investigate the alignment of event objectives and outcomes between host residents and those responsible for bringing a publicly funded sport event to a city, namely the government. The 2011 and 2019 Canada Winter Games, two publicly funded, non-mega-, multisport events, provided the context for the study. Data were collected through documents, interviews, and focus groups. Our findings are articulated in three themes, highlighting that although residents often evaluated their respective events positively, event experiences diverged from those of event providers. Our findings support the need for multisectoral event portfolios to pursue community objectives and public engagement strategies throughout the event planning process. These results may help event providers meet the needs of host residents when hosting future sport events.

Place image, quality of life, and behavioral intention of residents during the Dajia Mazu Pilgrimage in Taiwan

ABSTRACT Rationale/purpose: This study examines the perceptions of festival host residents of the Dajia Mazu Pilgrimage using the proposed model to evaluate the antecedent and outcome variables of place image. Design/methodology/approach: Using quantitative methods, this study proposes a model to determine host residents’ perceptions based on fit, place image, quality of life, and behavioral intention. Findings: The findings showed that place image is vital in establishing a supportive perception toward the festival host city. Quality of life not only mediates the perceptions of residents’ image and their residency but also independently contributes to the development of residents’ behavioral intentions. The perceptions of place image or the quality of life of residents, especially place image, are significant predictors of residents’ behavioral intentions. Practical implications: This study extends the concepts of fit and place image by taking a psychological perspective to provide strategies for festival management. To evaluate residents’ quality of life and gain their intention to support for the festival, the present study suggests that event organizers and the local government take action on the characteristics of the festival and the host city represents. Providing entertainment activities combine with Mazu culture at nighttime is one of the suggestions. Research contributions: The exploratory model we proposed herein to explain host residents’ viewpoints showed sufficient predictive power. The results underline the importance of fit, which can predict and explain place image. Furthermore, the present study contributes to existing research by applying the concept of fit in the festival context.

Involvement, Social Impact Experiences, and Event Support of Host Residents Before, during, and after the 2021 UCI Road World Championships

Host residents’ support is of paramount importance for the success of spectator sports events. Factors influencing event support have been investigated in past research, but usually in isolation. The current study includes multiple factors by analysing the relationship among involvement, social impact experiences, and event support. Data were collected online four and six months before, during, and two months after the 2021 UCI Road World Championships from 3219 from residents, representative for the city of Leuven (Belgium). The 2021 UCI Road World Championships offered a unique context, as it was the first large spectator sports event organised in Flanders since COVID-19. The event had a limited social impact, but this increased over time (e.g., community spirit and event support). Social impact experiences mainly exerted a significant influence on event support rather than attitudinal and behavioural involvement factors. The results of this study inform national and local policymakers to attract events, event organisers to achieve impact and legacy, and other scholars to improve the understanding of spectator sports event research.

Unpacking the public/government relationship in the context of sport events: an agency theory approach

ABSTRACT In the context of sport events, local governments are often, at least in part, responsible for bringing an event to a community and determining the extent of public funding invested. Due to the government’s role and responsibility to act in the best interest of residents, the dyadic public/government relationship is an integral part of publicly funded sport events. However, the nuances of the public/government relationship in the context of sport events have seldom been investigated. The purpose of this contribution is to offer a conceptual approach to explore the host resident/local government relationship in the sport event context. Using agency theory, we situate host residents as the principal, delegating tasks to the local government, the agent. We demonstrate how introducing concepts of knowledge, power, and trust from this perspective can determine the extent to which principal-agent problems may exist in the context of a sport event. This in turn offers insights into the political impact sport events may have in communities and how the local government can better serve host residents in this context. Methodological suggestions, such as drawing on mixed methods approaches and engaging diverse groups of research participants are offered to provide researchers the tools to apply these concepts in the context of publicly funded sport events.

Mega-Para-Sporting Event Social Impacts Perceived by Tokyo Residents: Comparison of Residents’ Vitality

There is a global shift in hosting international sporting events, and this is insisted to have social impacts on the host residents and increase their vitality and empowerment. From the academic perspective, numerous studies have revealed the social impacts of hosting mega-sporting events in several contexts. However, research remains scarce in the area of mega-para-sporting events. Therefore, this study examines the relationship between residents’ perceived social impact and supporting intention. Additionally, comparing the levels of vitality were also revealed. Conducting a confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modelling using group comparison, this study revealed educational benefits as a new insight for hosting a para-sporting event, and their perception differed by the residents’ vitality level. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.

The Perceived Impacts of Non-mega-sporting Events Among Host Residents: a Pre–post Analysis of the Kobe Marathon

This study aimed to examine whether residents perceived impacts related to non-mega-sporting events (NMSE) varied in overall attitude and event support between preevent and postevent. In order to verify the impacts of NMSE, this study used the framework of triple bottom line, which was classified impacts as economic, sociocultural, and environmental. Data collection were conducted 1 month prior to the Kobe Marathon (October 1–16, 2014) and 1.5 months after the Kobe Marathon (January 8–27, 2015). Of the 1,080 municipal advisors asked to participate in the presurvey, 550 completed the questionnaire. Of the 1,059 municipal advisors that were also asked to participate in postsurvey, 466 returned the questionnaire. The results showed that positive sociocultural impact and economic impact are perceived to improve the overall attitude toward the Kobe Marathon and event support for the Kobe Marathon pre- and postsurvey. The results also indicated that positive overall attitude toward the Kobe Marathon improves residents' support for NMSE before and after this event. The results presented evidence that residents have a clear awareness of the event impacts on overall attitude toward the Kobe Marathon and possess greater support for the event after, rather than before.

"All in One Rhythm": Measuring the National Team Identification of Host Residents and Event Sport Tourists At the 2014 FIFA World Cup

The purpose of this study was to investigate the fan identification of host residents and international event sport tourists at the 2014 FIFA World Cup. The Sport Spectator Identification Scale (SSIS) is used to measure identification with national football teams through the lens of social identity theory. A case study approach saw survey data (n= 706) collected at the official FIFA Fan Fest in Natal, Brazil. Both host residents and event sport tourists reported high levels of identification with the national team they supported. The data were analyzed using SPSS 26.0 and the length of time one had been a fan was found to be positively correlated with strength of identification. There was no relationship found between gender nor supporter age and their strength of team identification. This study demonstrates that the SSIS can be used to measure the level of psychological connection supporters have with national football teams. The findings are particularly pertinent for events expanding their servicescape to include fan zones or other activation sites similar to the FIFA Fan Fests.

Public Perceived Effects of 2022 Winter Olympics on Host City Sustainability

Sustainability is now fully integrated into the entire life cycle of the Olympic Games. The planning, preparation, and staging of the Winter Olympics have opportunities to create a sustainable legacy for the host cities for decades. The tangible and/or intangible impacts of the Winter Olympics on the host city are multidimensional, including economic, social, and environmental aspects. However, there are still few studies on the multidimensional impact of the Winter Olympics on the sustainable development of the host city. This paper aims to investigate the effects of the 2022 Winter Olympics on host city sustainability from public perspective. Using a survey of 806 host residents in Beijing and Zhangjiakou, the authors performed descriptive statistics and regression analysis to analyze the effects of the Winter Olympic Games on the city’s sustainable development. The Winter Olympic Games are divided into three stages, including the pre-game phase, in-game phase, and post-game phase, and the impacts cover three dimensions, including economic, social, and environmental aspects. The results show that the 2022 Winter Olympics integrate sustainability into the whole process of the Winter Olympics; the Winter Olympics have an important catalytic effect on the host city’s sustainable development.

Host Community’s Perception Towards Socio-Cultural Impacts of Tourism: an anthropological study of host destinations of Kashmir

The study endeavors to know the host community’s perception regarding the socio-cultural impacts of tourism in the tourist destination of Gulmarg. The present study adopted a quantitative approach and distributed the questionnaire among the respondents of the study. The investigation is based on the findings of a survey of 147 residents of tourist destination. For descriptive statistics and factor analysis technique SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) software was used. The unidimensionality (Confirmatory Factor Analysis CFA) of the identified factors was tested through AMOS. The findings of the study revealed that host community perceive positive socio-cultural impacts of tourism i.e. the host residents perceive that the tourism development is creating employment opportunities, improving local peoples’ incomes, and stimulating the local economy. Residents in tourist destination also agreed that tourism has improved security in their local communities and has preserved and conserved the local culture and traditions of the area. Furthermore, the findings of the survey revealed that host communities do not perceive any socio-cultural negative impact of the tourism development in the area. Therefore, the investigation will assist tourism planners and local government in the planning and implementation of tourism development strategies for the area aiming at consolidating local residents’ support for tourism. Key words: Socio-cultural impacts; Host community; Tourism.

Belief in group interdependence: Facilitating evacuee–host interactions after the Fukushima nuclear accident

AbstractAfter the 2011 Fukushima nuclear accident, intercultural friction and aversion arose between evacuees and host community residents in relocation areas. We examined whether a belief in group interdependence—the extent to which an individual believes that group function is realized through interdependence with related other groups—is consistent with positive interactions between evacuees and hosts. A door‐to‐door survey of 77 evacuees and 75 hosts revealed that residents with an integrated social identity interacted favorably with both ingroup and outgroup members, and that a belief in group interdependence was consistent with the integration of social identity between the evacuee and host communities. Those findings suggest that a belief in group interdependence can reduce intercultural conflict by allowing both immigrants and host residents to acquire an integrated social identity without the dilemma of internalizing different cultures into an individual's mind.

Expected and Experienced Social Impact of Host Residents During Rugby World Cup 2019: A Panel Data Approach

Most social impact research considers the pre- and post-event social impacts of sporting events to investigate the effects of these events on residents' or consumers' intention or attitude. This study focused on the qualitative differences between pre-event expected social impacts (T1) and post-event experienced social impacts (T2). Then, it investigated viewing behaviors due to the expected social impacts, and intentions to support events from experienced social impacts. The Rugby World Cup 2019 in Japan provided the context for the study. Panel data were collected from the same Tokyo residents in T1 (3 months before the event) and T2 (4 months after the event). The Internet-based survey consisted of six social impact constructs, framed as expectations in T1 and experiences in T2. Both dependent variables, viewing behavior and supporting events, were measured in T2, after the event occurred. Two expected impacts had a significant positive association with viewing behavior, while three experienced social impacts had a significant positive association with event support intention. The main contribution of this article is extending the understanding of the role of social impact as a predictor variable for residents' behavior and intention to support events by using panel data, which enabled the authors to obtain more robust results. The current study extends the knowledge on consumer expectancy role and social exchange theory in the context of the social impacts of sporting events.

The Role of Urban Space Configuration in Maintaining Social Inclusion: A Comparison of Four Types of Neighborhoods in Greater Cairo Region-Egypt

Since the mid-twentieth century, the process of modernization caused an adaptation of westernized prototypes of residential neighborhoods in Greater Cairo Region. This evolution caused a relevant evolution of various prototypes of urban spaces, an evolution from traditional neighborhoods where street works as public space to new planned neighborhoods that concern quantitative provision of urban spaces as internal gardens inside superblock. The evolution was attractive for residents who escaped crowded traditional neighborhoods and claimed quantitative provision of urban spaces with well-designed landscape to enjoy better living conditions. Egyptian National Organization for Urban Harmony developed urban space design guidelines, to ensure quantitative and accessibility criteria. However, observation of urban spaces in new cities revealed failure to host residents and probably have negative impacts on social inclusion, cohesion, and participation. One reason behind that failure is the lack of empirical knowledge of expected impacts of design guidelines on social behavior. This research examines social sustainability of urban space configuration in four prototypes of neighborhoods, it also questions how socially sustainable are NOUH2010 design guidelines. The research depends on ethnographic observation and questionnaire survey that were conducted in selected neighborhoods. The paper reports, based on empirical findings, that modern urban spaces with quantitative provision of urban-spaces, hierarchical distribution, merged and central location, good accessibility and well-designed landscape are short sighted to achieve urban social sustainability; rather qualitative mixed use is most influential factor to encourage social inclusion, interaction and participation as by-product of movement and as subsidiary to other attractive activities.

The Perceived Effectiveness of a Short-term Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Mission Trip to Kenya

Category:OtherIntroduction/Purpose:Short-term surgical mission trips have become increasingly common, with many benefits seen by the hosts and the visitors when trips are done properly. However, few visitors ever attempt to measure the impact of their visit other than to list the surgeries that were performed. This study was performed to determine the perceived educational impact on orthopaedic attendings and residents of a Kenyan internationally accredited orthopaedic residency program and to determine the hosts’ opinions on the effectiveness of orthopaedic short-term trips.Methods:A survey was developed and distributed to four host attending surgeons and 9 host residents at the beginning of an orthopaedic mission trip. The visitors included four attending orthopaedic foot and ankle surgeons from various US sites, and two orthopaedic surgery residents from one US program. Using a scale from 1-10, with 1 meaning definitely No, and 10 meaning definitely Yes, hosts were asked if they felt there was a need for more foot and ankle training in Kenya. A post-trip survey was distributed to the host attendings and residents to determine perceived competency in five topics of foot and ankle pathology.Results:When hosts were asked if they felt there was a need for more foot and ankle training in Kenya, attendings responded an average 8.3, and residents 9.4. When asked if a short-term trip would improve foot and ankle care for the community, attendings responded 7.8, and residents 7.9. A post-trip survey was completed by one attending and 3 residents to determine their perceived competency in five topics of foot and ankle pathology. Overall, they averaged an increase of +2.0 on the scale in their competency for all topics. The highest increase was with ankle instability and hallux valgus at +3.0, and the lowest increase was with Achilles pathology at +0.75.Conclusion:The survey supported the hypothesis that short-term orthopaedic foot and ankle surgery trips to this program are helpful according to the hosts. Furthermore, understanding the competencies of the hosts can help the visitors develop more impactful teaching by focusing on the topics of need. Further studies such as this should be routinely performed with medical trips to help determine their effectiveness.

Public Participation and Information Disclosure for Environmental Sustainability of 2022 Winter Olympics

As China prepares to host the 2022 Winter Olympics, the Beijing Winter Olympics Organizing Committee has committed to making public participation a fundamental part of its broader sustainability objectives. Unfortunately, the existing research on information openness and public participation towards Winter Olympic Games is limited in the perspective of host residents. Therefore, this article aims to understand the information disclosure and public participation, as well as the roles information and technologies (ICTs) play in achieving environmental sustainability. With the help of self-administered questionnaires, data were compiled. The survey was conducted in April 2017 with 650 residents in Beijing and Zhangjiakou via face-to-face interviews to obtain a random and statistically representative sample of host residents. Our findings indicated that only few respondents participated in the limited activities of Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics. The respondents’ views on important issues of public participation varied obviously including the participating level, principles, time, ways, mechanism, and influencing factor. The analysis illustrated over 70% of respondents had the positive attitudes towards ICTs roles and functions in Beijing 2022. ICTs have helped the public to obtain information about environmental management and sustainability issues, and to facilitate public awareness and collective action by building new management practices. This study has implications and contributes to the burgeoning literature surrounding the Olympic Games by providing an in-depth analysis of public participation in relation to the theory.

Overtourism and Medium Scale Sporting Events Organisations—the Perception of Negative Externalities by Host Residents

The main purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of non-mega sporting events on the perception of negative externalities of host residents. The detailed aim of the study was to examine whether the inhabitants of the city feel the negative effects of organizing sporting events (communication problems or inappropriate behavior of supporters) and do they believe that these events increase the level of crime in the city or, despite these inconveniences, they are satisfied with the organization of sporting events in their place of residence. The case study is the city of Poznan and two, well-known events in this agglomeration. The first one is the Poznan Half Marathon—medium scale mass event, the second one is Cavaliada—elite international equestrian event. The theoretical part of this article presents the meaning of sporting events organization for tourism industry and indicates the positive and negative effects this kind of tourism brings to host cities. The whole refers to the theoretical foundations of the term of “overtourism”. The second part of the manuscript presents empirical research results, between 774 active and passive participants, which was conducted by the method of diagnostic survey. The results of this research show that both athletes as well as fans of the Half Marathon said that the Poznan Half Marathon event causes bothersome communication problems in the city and some other social problems. The inhabitants only experience minor inconveniences that felt as a result of organizing sporting events in the city. The negative impact of Cavaliada was very low. For checking the differences between the two examined groups of respondents: Half Marathon fans and Cavaliada fans, Chi-square test and U Mann Whitney’s test was used. The participants feel bothersome communication problems that cause the Half Marathon and have an average level of dissatisfaction higher than the average level of dissatisfaction of Cavaliada participants. Moreover, the participants in the Half Marathon have an average level of satisfaction with the organization of sports events in Poznan significantly lower than the average level of satisfaction of Cavaliada participants. Therefore, an elite equestrian sporting event is less burdensome for its residents and gives them more satisfaction.

The value of reproduction: multiple livelihoods, cultural labor, and immigrants in Iowa and North Carolina

ABSTRACTIn the US South and Midwest, early immigrant populations consisted primarily of young, Latinos recruited to work in low-wage jobs. After six or seven years, family members from Mexico and Central America began joining early arrivals, changing the character of immigrant interactions with host residents and institutions. While many natives viewed the single men as migrant workers, important for economic services, the arrival of women and children stimulated ambivalent reactions in North Carolina and Iowa rural communities. This suggests that native perceptions of immigrants can be traced, in part, to immigrants' roles in local economies, including their participation in multiple livelihoods and their deployment of cultural labor. The contradiction between anti-immigrant sentiments and the need for immigrant labour can be understood as a reaction to increasingly precarious economic conditions facing both natives and immigrants in the twenty-first century and the changing values of productive and reproductive economies.

Residents’ perception of the influence of luxury chain hotels on ethnic tourism communities

ABSTRACTDespite considerable discussion on how resident perceptions impact on current tourism development, there is little evidence that this discussion has any impact on the factors that contribute to tourism’s presence. This paper reports on action research which was aimed at identifying what impacts host residents do perceive regarding luxury hotel development in ethnic destinations in China, and how they comment on such impacts when trying to use luxury hotels effectively in a sustainable development strategy for destination communities. Based on ethnographic interviews with Tibetan residents who live in a village near the Songtsam Shangri-la MGallery Collection operated by Accor in YunNan province, China, the study highlights the important issues in economic, sociocultural and environmental impacts as seen by those residents. These included unfair economic profit sharing, double-edged perception of luxury hotels and local livelihood, potential concerns about their religious beliefs and improving the status of women, and over-optimism about the possible negative influences on local environment, daily life, and the traditional consciousness of environmental preservation. The management implications for both local tourism authorities and hotel practitioners are discussed as well as the limitations of the research and the paper makes suggestions for future studies.