Hospitality Management Education Research Articles

Developing paradoxical and authentic leadership: qualitative evaluation of leadership development among hotel managers and hospitality management educators in Vietnam

ABSTRACT This study explores the effectiveness of leadership development (LD) in fostering paradoxical and authentic leader and leadership capabilities in hotel managers and hospitality management educators. Using a qualitative approach, the study evaluates how LD contributed to immediate and medium-term outcomes. The use of the Critical Incident Technique uncovered that the LD approaches enabled the growth in cognitive, affective and behavioural dimensions, contributing to elevated individual and collective leadership capacity. The study expands the literature on paradoxical and authentic leadership and deepens the understanding of how LD can support the growth of authenticity and balanced decision-making in the visitor economy to drive organisational performance.

The Influence of Mothers’ Occupations on Children’s Upbringing: A Survey Research

This study investigated the influence of mothers' occupation on children's upbringing in the Udenu Local Government Area in Enugu State. Specifically, the study aimed to determine the feeding, clothing, academic, and health practices adopted by mothers in Enugu State. The study utilized a survey research design, focusing on the Udenu Local Government Area. A sample of three hundred respondents was used, and data was collected through questionnaires. The instrument was face validated by experts from the Department of Home Economics and Hospitality Management Education at the University of Nigeria Nsukka. To ensure reliability, a trial testing was conducted, resulting in a Cronbach alpha reliability estimate of 0.87. Data analysis involved frequency count and percentages. The findings revealed limited mother care in terms of children's feeding, clothing, health, and academic upbringing, which was attributed to the negative influence of the mothers' occupation. Recommendations were made to enhance children's upbringing, including an increase in maternity leave to allow mothers to spend quality time with their children.

Teaching hospitality and tourism students’ strategies for recognizing and supporting mental health conditions and crises in industry: an exploratory study

ABSTRACT By addressing the academic imperative for mental health education and crisis intervention, this exploratory study evaluates the desirability and availability of undergraduate education in recognizing and supporting mental health conditions and crises in hospitality and tourism industry settings. Hospitality and tourism management faculty and undergraduate students were surveyed through an online survey. The majority of faculty and students agreed mental health is important to learn in the classroom to prepare for industry, yet the majority have neither taught nor learned about mental health education and crisis intervention. The findings contribute to how educational leadership influences mental health training integration in classroom instruction. Recommendations included conducting feasibility studies with hospitality management educators on the integration of mental health in classroom learning; conducting larger, more generalizable studies on the effects of such education; and integrating effective mental health and crisis intervention training for hospitality management educators and students into curricula across the field.

Evaluating food safety education in hospitality management programs through the lenses of situated learning theory: Insights from industry leaders and educators

Food safety is essential in hospitality management education, but there has been great concern about students' knowledge, attitude, and practices about food safety. Guided by the situated learning theory, this study evaluated contemporary food safety education in U.S. colleges and identified needs for future improvement. This paper reports the findings of two studies: the first interviewed 20 industry leaders in hospitality management, and the second interviewed 10 food safety educators. The results showed that, despite its importance, food safety education in colleges had heavily relied on commercialized programs such as ServSafe®, and taking these courses is unmotivating for students. Moreover, practitioners acknowledge the importance of food safety, but their implementation of food safety training can be limited by organizational size and staffing issues. Based on the theory and the findings, this study provided suggestions for improving food safety education in U.S. higher education institutions.

International Students’ Career Construction From Hospitality Internship: A Qualitative Approach

The curriculum-designed internship in hospitality management education has diverse impacts. Adopting the Career Construction Theory, this research explores how internships affect students’ career choices before, during, and after their hotel internships. The methodology of this research consists of semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions, and documentary investigations on international students’ internship diaries. Results show that the curriculum design is critical to the success of an internship. The empirical findings indicate that internship preparation, cultural adaptation during the internship, and reflexivity after the internship are important elements in an effective internship. Research findings reveal the current status of international student internship programs in the Chinese context and provide implications for internship curriculum development in hospitality management and international students’ career development. The present article recommends that it is crucial to manage students’ career construction route through a proper arrangement of an effective internship program. Theoretical and practical implications are further discussed.

Survival of the Fittest? A Call for Hospitality to Incorporate Ecology Into Business Practice and Education

Biodiversity and the science that addresses its conservation, loss, and recovery, including conservation biology and restoration ecology, are high on the contemporary global agenda. While the hospitality industry has taken major steps toward net carbon zero and even net positive business, we argue that it has another significant advance to make. The United Nations has dedicated 2021–2030 as the decade of ecosystem restoration, and along with it, several other organizations offer guidance on how businesses should approach the natural environment. Considering the role of hospitality as a consumer of nature, we call for the industry to implement these principles in practice through nature-based solutions and restorative and regenerative hospitality. To strengthen this transformation, we urge hospitality management education to include the basic concepts of ecology, biodiversity, and environmental science, along with their application, in curricula. By doing this, education can advance from presenting sustainability actions as a necessity into illustrating and justifying their need on a planetary scale. The change will facilitate the next step the hospitality industry must take in transforming its relationship with the natural environment.

Time to look at the stars? Reflections on bias and prejudice in hospitality management education

ABSTRACT This article reflects on a keynote presentation made at the 32nd Council for Hospitality Management Education Research Conference hosted at NHL Stenden University of Applied Science in Leeuwarden, The Netherlands. The field of study prepares managers who will organise the delivery of food and/or drink and/or accommodation in a service setting. The core concern of the article is to critique biases of higher education provision. The vocational nature of programmes tends to prioritise job readiness at the expense of some theoretical dimensions of the study of hospitality. These biases are compounded by a tendency to limit the industrial context to luxury hotels and restaurants. Students’ career perceptions are thereby constrained and limited. The study of hospitality should adopt a critical studies approach; several recent publications might indicate avenues for further research and programme content.

Virtual Internship and Work-Integrated Learning Outcomes of the Hospitality Management Students

To adapt to the current pandemic, the higher education system in hospitality management must shift away from traditional classroom to online classroom settings. Successful hospitality management education requires internship experiences as it eases the students’ transition between education and employment. However, delivering it through virtual channels presents special challenges. Thus, this research aimed to assess how hospitality management students view the virtual internship (VI) and work-integrated learning (WIL) outcomes during pandemic. This study employed descriptive method to identify the different variables of the study and presents quantitative research that utilized online survey method to gather data. The respondents of the study were the fourth year Bachelor of Science in Hospitality Management (BSHM) students (n=35) from the College of Business and Management of the Mindoro State University-Calapan City Campus who undertaken the virtual internship for the second semester of AY 2021-2022. Results of the study showed that VI was the best alternative to face-to-face internship as the students felt secured and less exposed on the threats of COVID-19, however, the VI felt short of the means for them to ask questions and clarify difficulties as well as failing to form networking opportunities. Students also believed it enhanced their skills and have advanced in their practical knowledge but somehow, they lack in creating opportunity to work in a genuine hospitality industry setting. It is recommended to conduct a hybrid internship, both virtual and on-site, to create a chance for the hospitality management students to have an authentic workplace setting.

Emotional intelligence matters in hospitality education: contributions of emotional intelligence, fluid ability, and personality to hospitality grades.

According to recent meta-analyses, emotional intelligence can significantly predict academic performance. In this research, we wanted to investigate a particular group of students for which emotional intelligence should be crucial. Namely, we examined whether emotional intelligence, conceptualized as an ability, uniquely contributes to academic performance in hospitality management education beyond fluid intelligence and personality. Using a battery of tests and questionnaires in an online survey, we analyzed if fluid ability, the Big-Five personality dimensions, and ability-based emotional intelligence predict six module grades in a sample of N = 330 first-semester students at a Swiss-based hospitality school. We found that the ability to manage other people's emotions is more predictive of module grades than fluid ability if the courses involve substantial parts of interactive work. Complementarily, the more a module focuses on theoretical knowledge or abstract subject material, the more fluid ability predicted performance. Other abilities and factors - emotion understanding, emotion regulation, the students' age, conscientiousness, and openness - predicted performance only in specific modules, hinting that the didactic methods and grading procedures are complex and involve various skills and dispositions of the students. Given that the hospitality education and industry are buzzing with interactions with peers and guests alike, we provide evidence that interpersonal and emotional competencies are vital to hospitality curricula.

Recognition of prior learning in professional education from an organisational perspective

ABSTRACT Recognition of prior learning (RPL) is often said to facilitate lifelong learning and occurs when already-acquired learning outcomes are officially valued. The education system is a central arena of RPL, allowing facilitated access to or shortening of study programmes. This study explores RPL practices in Switzerland. We ask the following research question: How do professional education institutions regulate, practice, and justify RPL? We start from the premise that RPL practices in higher education institutions are shaped by national RPL policies, professional bodies, and the nature of the respective labour markets. However, within these framework conditions, higher education institutions also create their own organisational policies, thereby promoting or hindering RPL. In addition, the study programme’s knowledge domain and the responsible persons’ pedagogic agency, shaped by their pedagogic concepts and individual attitudes, are also guiding factors. To answer our research question, we conducted qualitative comparative case studies and compared the RPL practices of professional education institutions that offer study programmes for hospitality management and social education. Our results show that organisations offering the same professional study programmes regulate, practice, and justify RPL differently, indicating the importance of organisational gatekeepers’ pedagogic agency.

Using Extended Reality in Experiential Learning for Hospitality Management Education

Training qualified human resources is a challenge in all areas of knowledge. In particular, in the areas where the training environment of the graduates is not easily laboratoryable and/or possible to emulate, internships are often used in the work context, where an On-the-Job Training is provided. Higher education all over the world has sought to innovate in the way it mixes education. Accordingly, the digital has populated teaching-learning strategies in an attempt to make teaching more universal, more ubiquitous and more personalized, without losing rigor or the necessary requirements. In this path of innovation, e-learning or b-learning mechanisms were and still are used. However, we believe that a more decisive step must be taken by incorporating Extended Reality tools to develop and evolve the way in which competences can be acquired and evaluated, both in the classroom and in home study - a new approach at the service of the teacher and of the student.In this context, this work analyzes the role of Extended Reality in Human Resources training in the hospitality sector. In addition, a conceptual model is proposed to implement the use of Extended Reality in the context of higher education in the field of hospitality, in a conceptualization approach. Finally, future work is referred concerning the validation of the model and drawn technological considerations for the model implementation.

Factors Influencing Students' Career Intentions in the Hospitality and Tourism Industries: A Meta-Analysis.

This study adopted a meta-analysis to generalize and compare the effect of influencing factors on hospitality and tourism management students' career intentions from 34 studies. After 13 existing factors were classified into four categories, the results revealed that 11 of them significantly impact students' career intentions. In general, the influences of social identity and self-perception are more important, followed by school education and work conditions. A subgroup analysis further identified the sample students' grades as dynamics that partially moderate some of the influencing factors, while no statistical changes in the relative influences were observed after the COVID-19 outbreak. Finally, suggestions are provided for hospitality and tourism management education and industries.

The Competency Assessment of Hospitality Management Educators and the Hospitality Industry

Hospitality management education has been a widely studied area. It has been studied by many authors by which and is still in deliberation in a true meaning. As the hospitality industry and a service-oriented area, most of the programs put more weight on industry demands and expectations, and opinions. As a result, most of the relevant program studies tend to focus on the employer’s perspective, with very few focusing on the actual recipients and providers of education. The study was conducted to determine the competency assessment of hospitality management educators and hospitality industry employees in the province of Cotabato. A descriptive-correlational research design was utilized, and respondents were selected through random sampling. In addition, the scope of the extent of literature either focused only on one discipline (restaurant) or on hospitality in general, leaving the comparison of the relevant competencies between the core industries of hospitality, hotel management, and food and beverage management and the universities Furthermore, the weighted mean with its corresponding verbal description was used to determine the competency assessment of hospitality management educators and the hospitality industry, and spearman-rank correlation to determine the relationship between competencies taught by hospitality management educators and competencies demanded by the hospitality industry. Results show that competencies taught by hospitality management educators have no significant relationship to the responses in the competencies demanded with a correlation coefficient of 0.304 and a probability of 0.103 and there was a significant relationship between the competencies taught and demanded by the hospitality Industry in Cotabato, Province.

The Competency Assessment of Hospitality Management Educators and the Hospitality Industry

The Competency Assessment of Hospitality Management Educators and the Hospitality Industry

The perils of hospitality internship: a growth curve approach to job motivation change

PurposeWhy would a hospitality or tourism enterprise’s talent program backfire to demotivate interns from engaging in their jobs? This study aim to synthesize theoretical strands from the self-determination theory, person–environment fit theory and conservation of resources theory to investigate the predictors of perceived person–job fit and how such a fit causes changes in interns’ job motivation over time.Design/methodology/approachA four-wave longitudinal study was conducted. The four waves of data obtained from over 251 interns in China were analyzed using latent growth curve modeling.FindingsThe findings demonstrate that abusive co-worker treatment moderated the impact of perceived negative social status and perceived overqualification on perceived person–job fit. Moreover, perceived person–job fit is a significant predictor of the initial level of job motivation and flattens the decrease in job motivation over time. These findings demonstrate that interns’ job motivation generally decreased over time, and perceived person–job fit may help dampen the change trajectory of job motivation.Practical implicationsThis study contributes to the practice of education and organizations in hospitality and tourism management by advocating for better interventions to improve interns’ work experience and motivations. Also, organizations can create team-building opportunities and promote teamwork that contributes to the formation of cohesive relationships and improve personal bonding.Originality/valueThis longitudinal inquiry conducted in China underscores the perils of hospitality/tourism internship by synthesizing a framework based on the theoretical strands germane to person–environment fit, resource conservation and self-determination. It uncovers the dark side of internship – not only due to mismanaged internship experience, but also because it could backfire to create a demotivational spiral that may ultimately drive potential talents away from hospitality/tourism organizations and industry.

Leadership skills with classroom instruction integration in hospitality management higher education

ABSTRACT To move from the gap between industry and academia, educators must review and change instructional content to meet industry demands. By addressing the industry imperative for leadership skills, this exploratory study evaluates the most prominent leadership style among faculty who implement leadership pedagogy in the classroom. The researchers surveyed hospitality management faculty through an online survey. The majority of respondents identified as transformational leaders, indicating leadership integration as highly important. The two most frequently integrated instruction methods were student-led discussions and delegation of group tasks. No significant relationship existed between methods of leadership integration and leadership style. Findings from this research contribute how educational leaders influence leadership skills and competency integration in classroom instruction. Recommendations included conducting further studies of hospitality management educators’ leadership styles, enhanced statistical tests to build significant results to methods of transformation leadership in classroom instruction, and effective leadership training for hospitality management educators and administrators.

Research and Publication in Hospitality Management and Tourism Higher Education in Ecuador: A Decade-Long Journey 2012-2021

This paper describes a ten-year, ongoing research engagement with colleagues in hospitality and tourism higher education in Ecuador. It addresses the challenges and highlights the rewards of conducting research in an environment where publication needs are high and academics are keen to publish, but where the infrastructure to conduct research is very limited and professors often lack research and publication experience. The paper describes the successes we attained, and encourages others to engage in similar endeavors. It makes a case for academics to work across different cultures and assist those among their peers who are less fortunate in terms of the personal and professional resources they have available to be successful in of research and publication. Keywords: Ecuador, hospitality and tourism education, research and publication, sabbatical, cross-cultural collaboration. DOI: 10.7176/JEP/13-11-11 Publication date: April 30 th 2022

Tourism and Hospitality Management Education in Bangladesh: Problems and Prospects

Purpose: The main objective of this study is to identify the problems and prospects of tourism and hospitality higher education in Bangladesh. Methodology: The study conducted an in-depth interview with 40 stakeholders including general education specialists, subject educators, alumni students, practitioners, and policymakers. It also conducted a focus group discussion (FGD) with eight experts in this field. Respondents for in-depth interviews and the FGD were selected from the stakeholders by using convenient and judgmental sampling techniques. Narrative analysis method is used to analyze the interview data of individual respondents. Findings: The study found that seven public universities, nine private universities, and nine colleges under the National University offered degrees in tourism and hospitality management in this country. About eighty-five faculty members teach in this sector, yet less than 20 percent possess graduate and post-graduate degrees in tourism and hotel management. The analysis of the study revealed some significant problems including: less industry focused curricula and teaching-learning methods, no uniform national guidelines, poor infrastructure, and teaching staff with a predominantly non-tourism background. In addition, lack of foreign-trained faculty, entry of reluctant students, and a negative social perception of tourism occupations all pose difficulties for the industry. Practical Implications: This study helps the stakeholders to understand the problems and prospects of tourism and hospitality education in Bangladesh and empower themselves to overcome these problems. Originality: This study reveals the underlying problems and some strategic solutions for tourism and hospitality education in Bangladesh. Research Limitations: If the study can use different quantitative measures then it will be more specific.

An Investigation about the Interrelationship of Student-Teacher in Higher Hospitality Management and Tourism Education in Cyprus

This study is intended to investigate the interrelationship of student- in the private Hospitality and Tourism Higher Education in Cyprus. The researchers of this study formulated three main themes, especially sought to identify the qualities of a good teacher, positive relationship with a teacher, characteristics of caring academic demonstrate, and attributes of a good professor/lecturer. The purpose of this was to investigate the effects of student perceptions of their college teacher's interpersonal teaching behaviors on student achievement and affective learning outcomes. Analyses were conducted in order to investigate the effects of differing student perceptions of their teacher's interpersonal teaching behaviors. A qualitative approach was employed, whereby face-to-face and semi-structured interviews were conducted with 100 students in private tourism higher education in Cyprus. Using thematic analysis, the study concludes that it is imperative for teachers to develop positive academic relationships and establish close rapport with their students to facilitate the learning process.

Modeling Workload, Job Satisfaction, Work Stress and Organizational Commitment on Turnover Intention: Evidence from Hospitality Management Educators

This study was conducted to describe and measure the factors influencing faculty members’ workload, job satisfaction, work stress, organizational commitment, and turnover intentions in hospitality education. To achieve this goal, 400 hospitality management educators of both public and private tertiary educational systems in NCR were selected through purposive-quota sampling. A semi-structured questionnaire and focus group discussion were used to collect data from the participants. Descriptive statistics including mean, standard deviation and rank and Inferential statistics including independent t-test, One Way Analysis of Variance and Pearson-r were employed to analyze quantitative data, while qualitative data was analyzed according to themes. Generally, women are independently capable of sharing their reliable and professional assessments. It was also shown that the faculty members are presently contented with their teaching jobs and did not express agreement on whatever reason to leave. They find their workloads in school manageable and are willing to provide engaging instruction to meet their students’ needs through various modalities and instructional materials as they are contented with their jobs. Adversely, they differ in consensus on the five-stated variables when grouped in the length of stay and tenure status. New and old faculty members and regular full-time instructors and lecturers, together with the regular part-time instructors and lecturers, share a similar degree of unanimity regarding workload, job satisfaction, work stress, organizational commitment, and turnover intent. The Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) analysis includes the path directions and relationship between descriptive statistics, structural model evaluation, and the five variables. As a result, it was proven in this study that Organizational Commitment and Job Satisfaction, having significant covariance, have a significant direct effect on turnover intention.