Horticultural Crop Production Research Articles

SlNAC3 suppresses cold tolerance in tomatoes by enhancing ethylene biosynthesis.

Low temperature stress poses a significant challenge to the productivity of horticultural crops. The dynamic expression of cold-responsive genes plays a crucial role in plant cold tolerance. While NAC transcription factors have been extensively studied in plant growth and development, their involvement in regulating plant cold tolerance remains poorly understood. In this study, we focused on the identification and characterisation of SlNAC3 as the most rapid and robust responsive gene in tomato under low temperature conditions. Manipulating SlNAC3 through overexpression or silencing resulted in reduced or enhanced cold tolerance, respectively. Surprisingly, we discovered a negative correlation between the expression of CBF and cold tolerance in the SlNAC3 transgenic lines. These findings suggest that SlNAC3 regulates tomato cold tolerance likely through a CBF-independent pathway. Furthermore, we conducted additional investigations to identify the molecular mechanisms underlying SINAC3-mediated cold tolerance in tomatoes. Our results revealed that SlNAC3 controls the transcription of ethylene biosynthetic genes, thereby bursting ethylene release in response to cold stress. Indeed, the silencing of these genes led to an augmentation in cold tolerance. This discovery provides valuable insights into the regulatory pathways involved in ethylene-mediated cold tolerance in tomatoes, offering potential strategies for developing innovative approaches to enhance cold stress resilience in this economically important crop species.

Comparative Assessment of Environmental Impacts and Water Scarcity Footprint of Horticultural Crops in Iran

Examining the pollution rates generated by horticultural crops and discerning their impact on water consumption are pivotal considerations for fostering sustainable production of these valuable crops. This study focuses on investigating the environmental consequences and water footprint associated with cultivating diverse horticultural crops in northern Iran. The research employs the life cycle assessment method to gauge environmental impacts by using IMPACT 2002+ and the Water Scarcity Indicator (WSI) to assess water footprints. Notably, the results indicate that walnuts exhibit the highest environmental index, surpassing other crops by sevenfold, and the greatest WSI at 2652.78 m3/ton. Nitrogen fertilizer and on-farm emissions emerged as the primary contributors to pollution among consumed inputs. The assessment underscores human health as a critical concern in the environmental impact of horticultural crop production, likely attributed to elevated chemical input consumption and associated emissions. The findings emphasize the substantial challenges faced by orchard management in Mazandaran province, the primary horticultural crop producer in Iran, grappling with chemical usage and water scarcity.

Maximizing Yield and Sustainability: A Comprehensive Approach to Integrated Pest Management in Horticulture Crops

"Maximizing Yield and Sustainability: A Comprehensive Approach to Integrated Pest Management in Horticulture Crops" offers a holistic perspective on addressing pest-related challenges in horticulture. This approach emphasizes the integration of various strategies, including cultural, biological, and chemical methods, to effectively manage pests while minimizing adverse impacts on the environment and human health. By combining pest monitoring, crop rotation, biological control agents, and judicious use of pesticides, growers can optimize yield while reducing reliance on conventional chemical interventions. This approach not only mitigates the development of pest resistance but also promotes ecosystem health and biodiversity. Moreover, by prioritizing sustainability, growers can safeguard long-term productivity and profitability while meeting the demands for safe and high-quality produce. Overall, adopting an Integrated Pest Management approach underscores the importance of balance and synergy in achieving both economic viability and environmental stewardship in horticulture crop production.

Exogenous application of gibberellic acid reduces antioxidant capacity of leaves, resulting in increased Tipburn damages in Lisianthus cultivars

Tipburn (calcium (Ca) deficiency disorder of new leaf tips) is a severe problem in horticultural crop production. Studies have focused on the fact that tipburn commonly occurs during bolting and shown that plants exhibited greater tipburn damage than the control when bolting was induced using exogenous gibberellic acid (GA). However, why exogenous GA application enhances tipburn damage and why tipburn occurs during bolting remains unclear. To address this knowledge gap, we investigated the occurrence of tipburn, Ca concentrations in each organ, antioxidant capacity (superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase activity), and gene expression in three lisianthus cultivars (‘Umihonoka’ (UH), ‘Reina White’ (RW), and ‘Voyage Peach’ (VP)), where bolting was induced through exogenous active GA application (GA treatment) and discussed the cause of tipburn occurring during bolting. The incidence and severity of tipburn in the GA treatment were significantly higher than those in the control group in all cultivars. The Ca concentrations in the top leaves of the GA treatment were similar to or higher than those in the control treatment for all cultivars. In contrast, SOD activity in VP was significantly lower in GA treatment than that in the control, which was consistent with the results of SOD-CuZn expression. Additionally, significantly lower catalase activity at GA treatment were detected in the UH and RW than at the control. Recent studies have reported that reactive oxygen species and antioxidants significantly affect the appearance of blossom-end rot. Therefore, exogenous GA application decreased the antioxidant capacity of the upper leaves, resulting in increased tipburn damage. In addition, it is known that a decrease in antioxidant capacity and an increase in H2O2 concentration in leaves of Arabidopsis is a trigger for the initiation of bolting. Our findings provide important insight into the causes and ecological implications of tipburn during bolting.

The impact of access to agricultural advisory services on input use and farm performance: Evidence from Senegal

AbstractPerformant agricultural advisory services (AAS) in Africa are crucial for improving the agricultural productivity and food security of the farm households. Yet, evidence‐based study on the impacts of AAS on farm performance are scarce, especially in West African countries. This study evaluates the impact of access to AAS on input use and farm performance in Senegal, employing the instrumental variable and control function approaches accounting for selection bias. The approaches are also employed to several sub‐samples to see if the impacts are heterogeneous across crop types and fertilizer use, and matching techniques are applied to test the robustness of the results. Results show that the highest positive impact of AAS is on yield, while the impacts on gross margin and improved seeds uptake are very modest. Access to AAS has no effect on fertilizer uptake. It also finds that AAS impacts positively cereal production and farmers using no fertilizer but has no effect on the legume and horticultural crop production and on farmers using fertilizer. Given the Senegalese government and donors have put a lot of effort into developing an efficient AAS system, a consideration of the identified weaknesses is required to improve its efficiency. [EconLit Citations: Q12, Q16]

Impact of Climate Change Assessments on Horticultural Crop Dynamics in Tamil Nadu, India

Aim: This study aims to analyze the dynamics of horticultural crop production in Tamil Nadu amidst climate change, focusing on trends, challenges, and opportunities across diverse agro-climatic zones, primarily considering variations in rainfall.
 Data: The research utilizes comprehensive datasets spanning a decade (2012-13 to 2021-22) encompassing records of rainfall, horticulture cultivation area, and production. The study focuses on major horticultural crop categories, including fruits, vegetables, plantation crops, spices and condiments, medicinal and aromatic crops, and flowers.
 Objective: (1) analyze compound annual growth rates of area, production, and productivity of key horticultural crops in Tamil Nadu, (2) conduct decomposition analysis over a decade for horticultural crops, and (3) assess climate change impact on agricultural production in Tamil Nadu focusing on rainfall patterns.
 Methodology: The study utilizes various analytical tools, including Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) analysis, percentage analysis, decomposition analysis, and the Cobb-Douglas production function. Secondary data from government publications, including the Season and Crop Report of Tamil Nadu and the Department of Horticultural and Plantation Crop Report of Tamil Nadu, are utilized for analysis.
 Results: The analysis reveals intricate patterns influenced by climate variability, with certain zones demonstrating harmonious growth, while others contend with challenges related to cultivation and productivity. The decomposition analysis highlights the respective contributions of changes in cultivation area and crop yield to variations in production, underscoring the impact of climate change on agricultural dynamics. Additionally, the Cobb-Douglas production function analysis indicates significant effects of both rainfall and cultivation area on horticultural production, emphasizing the multifaceted nature of factors influencing production trends.

Sustainable Management of Land, Water and Crop in Hills of North East India

Hill agriculture in Northeast India has tremendous potential to grow and contribute towards improving productivity, enhancing food and nutrition security, reducing rural poverty and accelerating the overall economic condition of the region due to its rich land, abundant water resources and favorable climate. The North-eastern region lying between 21.5oN - 29.5oN latitudes and 85.5oE - 97.3oE longitudes comprises eight states - Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Meghalaya, Manipur, Mizoram, Nagaland, Tripura and Sikkim. The growth potential of hill farming has remained under-exploited due to various reasons like lack of system-specific production technologies, poor infrastructure (transport, markets, processing) and underdeveloped institutions (credit, extension, information, insurance), inaccessible habitations, diverse socio-cultural and fragmented land holdings. In hilly areas, jhum cultivation provides a basis for subsistence farming, maintenance of cultural values and social stability at low population density. But in the present context, this system cannot sustain increased demographic pressure. Moreover, shifting cultivation also causes problems of land degradation, accelerated deforestation, out of control forest fires ultimately affecting climate change. Therefore, adoption of various agro techniques as an alternative to jhuming may prove to be a boon for the overall growth of the region. Cultivation of plantation crops and orchards established on hill slopes will prevent soil erosion. Watershed development also plays an important role in sustaining the natural resource base and improving the productive potential of hill states. The hill states have the potential for production of vegetables in off-season that has greater demand in neighboring plains when there is scarcity of supply as this region is bestowed with the most congenial climatic conditions for the production of under-exploited agricultural and horticultural crops that provides many fold employment opportunities in agro-based industries, packaging, storage, preservation, canning and transportation.

Horticulture in Kashmir Valley: Opportunities and Challenges

Horticulture industry benefits the economic well-being of the people involved and the economy of the state of Jammu & Kashmir. It increases the GDP of the state by approximately 9 percent (Directorate of Horticulture J&K Govt.). Horticulture crop production has increased since the inception of the state. In this study, the area under the horticulture crops is decreasing. Some of the horticultural crops in the valley are experiencing a rapid decrease. The aim of this study is to find the trend and variability of horticulture crops in the state of Kashmir. In this paper, we attempt to analyze the overall trends of the overall area, production and yield of the fresh & dry fruit crops in the Kashmir valley covering ten districts over a period of 50 years. Compound annual growth rate (CAGR) was used to calculate the growth and volatility of the area under the crop. The area under the crop showed a negative CAGR over the last 10 years while production and yield showed moderate volatility.

Determination of Agropolitan Areas Based on Leading Commodities of Horticultural Crop Production, Food Crop Production, and its Effect on the GRDP of the Agricultural Sector of Malang Regency

The agricultural sector can play a role in reducing the gap between rural and urban areas which has the effect of hindering the growth and development of economic development in Malang Regency. The purpose of this study is to determine the leading commodities and their influence on agricultural sector GRDP to help increase economic growth. The use of LQ analysis to determine the leading commodities of horticultural crop production and food crop production. Panel data regression analysis to determine the effect of independent variables on agricultural sector GRDP. It is known that there are top base sectors in Poncokusumo and Donomulyo sub-districts. Assessed an insignificant positive effect between horticultural crop production on the dependent variable, while a significant positive effect between food crop production on the dependent variable. Has a simultaneous influence between the independent variable and the dependent variable.

Overexpression of PbrGA2ox1 enhances pear drought tolerance through regulation of GA3-inhibited reactive oxygen species detoxification and abscisic acid signaling1

Drought stress represents a devastating natural disaster driven by the continuing intensification of global warming, which seriously threats the productivity and quality of several horticultural crops, including pear. Gibberellins (GAs) play crucial roles in plant growth, development, and responses to drought stress. Previous studies have shown significant reductions of GA levels in plants under drought stress; however, understanding of the intrinsic regulation mechanisms of GA-mediated drought stress in pear remains very limited. Here, we show that drought stress could impair the accumulation of bioactive GAs (BGAs), and subsequently identified PbrGA2ox1 as a chloroplast-localized GA deactivation gene, which was significantly induced by drought stress and abscisic acid (ABA) treatment, but was suppressed by GA3 treatment. PbrGA2ox1-overexpressing transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana benthamiana) plants exhibited enhanced tolerance to dehydration and drought stresses, whereas knock-down of PbrGA2ox1 in pear (Pyrus betulaefolia) by virus-induced gene silencing lead to elevated drought sensitivity. Transgenic plants were hypersensitive to ABA, and had a lower BGAs content, enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging ability, and augmented ABA accumulation and signaling under drought stress compared to wild-type plants. However, the opposite effects were observed with PbrGA2ox1 silencing in pear. Moreover, exogenous GA3 treatment aggravated the ROS toxification effect and restrained ABA synthesis and signaling, resulting in the compromised drought tolerance of pear. In summary, our results shed light on the mechanism by which BGAs are eliminated in pear leaves under drought stress, providing a further insight into the mechanism regulating the effects of the GA on the drought tolerance of plants.

Comprehensive review: Effects of climate change and greenhouse gases emission relevance to environmental stress on horticultural crops and management

Global climate change exerts a significant impact on sustainable horticultural crop production and quality. Rising Global temperatures have compelled the agricultural community to adjust planting and harvesting schedules, often necessitating earlier crop cultivation. Notably, climate change introduces a suite of ominous factors, such as greenhouse gas emissions (CGHs), including elevated temperature, increased carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations, nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4) ozone depletion (O3), and deforestation, all of which intensify environmental stresses on crops. Consequently, climate change stands poised to adversely affect crop yields and livestock production. Therefore, the primary objective of the review article is to furnish a comprehensive overview of the multifaceted factors influencing horticulture production, encompassing fruits, vegetables, and plantation crops with a particular emphasis on greenhouse gas emissions and environmental stressors such as high temperature, drought, salinity, and emission of CO2. Additionally, this review will explore the implementation of novel horticultural crop varieties and greenhouse technology that can contribute to mitigating the adverse impact of climate change on agricultural crops.

Exogenous application of melatonin mitigate the heat stress in different tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) cultivars

Heat stress alleviates yield and production of horticultural crops and is considered a major risk for sustainable agriculture. Melatonin acts as a first line soldier to regulate plant growth by creating a conducive environment under heat stress. Thus, the present study was performed in pots to mitigate the adverse impact of heat stress on four genotypes of tomato (two were heat sensitive and two were heat tolerant) through exogenous application of melatonin. The experiment was comprised of two treatments, control and foliar spray of melatonin @ 25 µM, under factorial design (CRD) with five replications by using heat-sensitive and heat-tolerant cultivars of tomato as a test crop. All the tomato varieties were treated with 25 µM melatonin through foliar spray and compared with control which remained untreated. All the growth and yield parameters and enzymatic activities of antioxidants including catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and peroxidase (POD) were increased significantly due to the application of melatonin. Moreover, the melatonin spray enhanced the osmolyte production such as malondialdehyde (MDA), proline contents, total soluble sugars, and fruit quality over control treatment. Concludingly, the heat-tolerant cultivars performed better under melatonin spray as compared to heat-sensitive cultivars of tomato.

Climate change and cropping pattern in Keonjhar District of Odisha, India

Climate change is one of the most pressing challenges facing humanity and the natural environment in the 21st century. The agriculture sector is particularly vulnerable to climate change, as it depends on the availability and quality of natural resources, such as land, water, and soil. Climate change can affect the cropping pattern in various ways, such as altering the length and timing of the growing season, changing the water availability and quality, increasing the frequency and intensity of pests and diseases, and creating new opportunities and challenges for crop diversification. The agriculture sector in the Keonjhar district of India has been experiencing changes in its cropping pattern. This study investigates the key drivers for changing cropping patterns in the district. Secondary data was collected from 2011 to 2019 on the areas under crops and production of agricultural and horticultural crops grown in Keonjhar. For primary data, the interview method has been adopted with a sample of 327 marginal and small farmers from two villages in the district. The study revealed positive changes in the area allocated for paddy and mango, but negative changes in the area allocated for maize, mung (Yellow Lentil), biri (White Lentil). Climate change, market status, land ownership, education, the decline in yield, and the production of crops were the main drivers of the changes in crop patterns during the past few decades. This research proposes agricultural intensification and policy direction to promote the cultivation of paddy, maize, and mango trees to sustain livelihoods in the Keonjhar district.

Impact of Climate Change on Armyworm Infestation and Horticultural Crop Production in Gilgit-Baltistan

The armyworm is one of the major threats to global food crop security. It is a polyphagous pest that has recently spread to Gilgit Baltistan (GB) from another region of Pakistan. This pest has posed a significant threat to economically important cereal crops like wheat and maize, as well as to vegetable crops such as beans, forage crops like berseem and alfalfa, and fruit trees. While it has been reported in other regions of Pakistan, there has been no confirmed presence of the armyworm in GB, Pakistan. In April 2022, the armyworm invaded crops in districts Gilgit, Nagar, Hunza, Diamer, and Baltistan region. To monitor its movement, the integrated pest and disease management (IPDM) department of GB established mechanical traps in these districts. The armyworm outbreak persisted in these districts until the end of June 2022. The field survey revealed that the pest primarily targeted wheat, beans, maize, berseem, clovers, forage grasses, and vegetables. Suspected armyworm moths were captured and identified as Mythimna unipuncta through morphological analysis. Various pesticides were applied in the aforementioned districts to manage the armyworms. Additionally, the farming community of GB was provided with mechanical traps and spray machines. The invasion of armyworms might be attributed to climate change, which has been observed over the last 4-5 years in GB. This case study confirms the first instance of armyworm immigration into GB, and it will serve as a valuable resource for the monitoring and management of armyworms. Moreover, raising farmer awareness about climate change and its impact on armyworms is essential. To effectively manage insect pests under changing climatic conditions, it is crucial to collaborate with stakeholders and farmers to prepare and enhance armyworm risk assessment maps. Furthermore, a comprehensive study involving molecular identification of the Fall Armyworm (FAW) should be conducted to achieve scientific identification

Coinoculación de biofertilizantes microbianos en pepino y habichuela y su efecto en el crecimiento y rendimiento

Inoculation between bacteria and fungi can be an efficient and viable alternative for production of horticultural crops. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the effects of co-inoculation between Trichoderma harzianum and the biostimulant ME-50® on the growth promotion and productivity of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) and green beans [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walpen]. Two experiments under garden conditions were carried out, in a 2×2 factorial arrangement, in a random blocks with five replicates, to evaluate the effects of inoculation (100 mL L−1) and not inoculation to the soil with the bioestimulant ME-50® in combination with seed inoculation (100 mL L−1) and non-inoculation seeds with T. harzianum strain A-34 to improve the growth (height, leaf area and dry matter of leaves and stems) and productivity (number, length and mass of fruits and yield) of cucumber and green beans. Inoculation with the biostimulant ME-50® promoted greater growth and productivity of cucumber and green bean plants compared to the inoculation with T. harzianum. However, coinoculation between both biostimulants was more efficient in the growth and development of both plant species; increasing the productivity of cucumber (133 %) and green beans (138 %). The results of this study suggest that coinoculation between the biostimulant ME-50® and T. harzianum has a synergistic, efficient and viable effect on the growth and productivity of cucumber and green beans plants, being considered useful in organic, ecological and sustainable of the crops.

A Comprehensive Review on Protected Cultivation of Horticultural Crops: Present Status and Future Prospects

Protected cultivation of horticultural crops has emerged as a crucial technique in modern agriculture, offering numerous benefits such as increased yield, enhanced quality, and protection against adverse climatic conditions and pests. This comprehensive review aims to present the current status of protected cultivation practices and explore its future prospects in horticulture. The review begins by discussing the various types of protected cultivation structures, including greenhouses, high tunnels, and shade houses, along with their advantages and limitations. It then highlights the significance of protected cultivation in addressing global food security challenges by ensuring year-round crop production and reducing dependence on seasonal variations. The review further explores the impact of protected cultivation techniques on the growth and development of horticultural crops, including improved crop morphogenesis, precipitation management, and the optimization of environmental factors such as temperature, humidity, and carbon dioxide levels. Furthermore, the utilization of advanced technologies like hydroponics, aeroponics, and vertical farming within protected cultivation systems is examined, with an emphasis on their potential for maximizing crop productivity while minimizing resource consumption. Moreover, the paper delves into the challenges and constraints faced in implementing protected cultivation, including cost considerations, energy requirements, and the use of synthetic inputs. It discusses sustainable and environmentally friendly approaches, such as utilizing renewable energy sources and adopting organic farming practices, to mitigate these challenges and promote ecological balance. Lastly, the review discusses some future prospects and trends in protected cultivation, including the integration of precision agriculture techniques, the use of artificial intelligence, and the adoption of smart farming technologies. These advancements have the potential to further optimize resource utilization, improve automation, and enhance crop monitoring and management, ultimately leading to greater yield and quality improvements in horticultural crop production.

Development of an Intelligent System to Determine Land Suitability for Horticultural Crops on Vegetable Commodities

Global climate change has a significant impact on the agricultural sector, including horticulture, with climate fluctuations such as increased temperatures and changes in rainfall patterns potentially affecting crop productivity. Sustainable horticultural agriculture is important for safeguarding natural resources and reducing environmental impacts. However, challenges from climate change and variations in land conditions can affect horticultural crop production. Identifying crops that are suitable for the climate and land conditions is key to agricultural sustainability. An intelligent and adaptive approach is needed in selecting the right crops to grow in the face of climate change. This research develops an artificial intelligence application for the recommendation of horticultural crop types according to land conditions and climate change. The model built involves AHP and MFEP methods. The model takes into account various land parameters with weights determined through the AHP approach, allowing this AI application to provide accurate recommendations based on data and modeling. Based on the tests conducted, the system was able to produce analysis with an accuracy rate of 85%.

Physiological Studies in Horticultural Crops -An Overview

Plant physiology is the science which is connected to the material and energy exchange, growth and development, as well as movement of plant. The field of crop physiology includes the study of all the internal activities of crop plants, which are studied at many levels in the scale of size and time. Physiological study in horticultural crops like other crops, involves the basic and practically useful studies on processes such as water and nutrients in plant, nutrient supply of plants, production of primary and secondary metabolites, photosynthesis, respiration, transpiration, evapo-transpiration, plant stress physiology, growth and development responsible for crop production with the techniques to quantify and optimization of these processes for final economic yield production. The production of horticultural crops can be characterized as an open and highly complex system affected by climate, soil, cropping system and interactions between these factors. Plant growth and development are directly and indirectly influenced by environmental factors, in order to obtain a successful production it is essential to understand clearly how these factors affect plant physiology. This paper review the studies related with the major environmental factors and their physiological effect on production of horticultural crops.

Steam application with paraquat to control goat weed (Scoparia dulcis) in citrus orchards

Reducing herbicide use in horticultural crop production can ameliorate adverse environmental effects but may also impact weed control effectiveness, especially as it pertains to difficult-to-control weeds. This challenge can be addressed by integrating a non-chemical strategy such as steam application with herbicide application. In this study, steam, as a non-chemical approach, was combined with post-emergence herbicide (paraquat) application for goatweed (Scoparia dulcis) management in citrus orchards. Two field trials based on randomized complete block design were conducted in citrus orchards in Immokalee, FL, in 2018 and 2021. Steam was applied to goatweed at a flow rate of 53 L ha−1 for 5–6 s. Twenty-four hours after steam application, low and high paraquat rates (0.3366 and 1.010 kg ai ha−1) were applied. In addition, the same rates of paraquat were applied without steam for comparison. Untreated checks (UTC) of no herbicide or steam applications were also included in the experiment as a control. Based on visual injury ratings, a combination of steam + low dosage of paraquat was as effective as the high dosage of paraquat alone and steam + high dosage of paraquat at 1, 8, and 16 days after treatment application (DAT) in 2018 trial and 1, 8, 16 and 22 DAT in 2021 trial.However, based on one site-year of biomass data, the percentage of dead weed biomass out of total biomass was statistically similar among all the treatments. Results from this study demonstrate that combining a low rate of paraquat applied in tandem with the steam application has the potential to provide effective goatweed control in citrus orchards.

Pre-Harvest Application of Strigolactone (GR24) Accelerates Strawberry Ripening and Improves Fruit Quality

GR24, a synthetic strigolactone analogue, plays a crucial role in a wide range of life processes. Studying the effects of the pre-harvest application of GR24 on strawberry ripening and fruit quality provides a scientific basis for the application of GR24 in horticultural crop production. GR24 solutions at concentrations of 0, 0.5, 1 and 2 µmol/L were applied to strawberries at the de-greening stage. The results showed that pre-harvest treatment with 1 µmol/L GR24 increased fruit weight and size; promoted fruit softening; increased the content of sugars, total flavonoids, total phenolics, and anthocyanins, and increased antioxidant activity. These results proved that GR24 effectively accelerated fruit ripening and improved fruit quality. In addition, to gain more insight into the biological mechanism of GR24 in fruit ripening, we conducted a combined transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis. It was found that the differences were related to sugar and flavonoid biosynthesis, particularly in the later stage of fruit ripening. qRT-PCR analysis revealed that GR24 increased gene expression activity and metabolite accumulation in the anthocyanin and sugar biosynthetic pathway, thereby promoting strawberry color and flavor.