Horn Plates Research Articles

Rare dermatosis is disseminated actinic superficial porokeratosis

Porokeratoses are a very rare group of dermatoses, acquired or hereditary, of unknown etiology, characterized by a violation of keratinization. The disease is manifested by one or more atrophic spots, each of which is surrounded by a characteristic hyperkeratotic, ridge-like border called a "horny plate". There are several forms of this pathology, among which there are sporadic cases and family variants with an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance of various penetrance. This article presents a clinical case of the occurrence of superficial disseminated actinic porokeratosis in a 59-year-old woman after prolonged exposure to the sun. The eruptions were represented by small spots, rounded, pinkish-yellow-brown in color with an atrophic center, surrounded by a raised narrow roller with a groove on the surface, have no tendency to merge, symmetrically arranged. Screening for diseases that cause immunosuppression (human immunodeficiency virus, hematological malignancies) and renal insufficiency did not reveal pathology. Histological examination showed a typical well-limited plume of parakeratotic cells (horn plate), hypogranulosis, dyskeratotic cells or vacuolated keratinocytes, which made it possible to make a final diagnosis. Considering that insolation in this case is a causally significant factor and the likelihood of malignant neoplasms against the background of dermatosis remains, it is extremely important for such patients to use sunscreens with a high degree of protection as part of complex therapy, as well as regular skin examinations.

Chinese Technology as a Resource: Horn Lantern Manufacturing and Global Circulation of Knowledge in Early Modern France

Abstract: In 1793 Alexis-Marie de Rochon, an astronomer by training, was commissioned to set up a manufacturing workshop of horn plates in France. This was meant to make up for the shortage of imported horn plates, a commodity which was necessary for the production of lamps used in the military navy. An unexpected resource allowed him to initiate research on horn plate making: a 40-year-old memoir dedicated to the manufacturing of Chinese lanterns. The paper reconstructs Rochon’s research and explains why the use of a Chinese memoir was far from being coincidental in 18th-century France: it was both the result of a massive accumulation of knowledge on Chinese techniques by the French government and of a lack of literature on a very poorly codified European technical practices.

A RARE CASE OF HARLEQUIN ICHTHYOSIS SUCCESSFULLY TREATED WITH ACITRETIN: A CASE REPORT AND LITERATURE REVIEW

Harlequin Ichthyosis is the most serious congenital keratinization disorder. When the children are born, they are enveloped in thick horn armor. They are thick yellow horn plates that tear deeply when they dry out. In the most severe form, the children often die in the first few weeks of life. But there are also many milder courses, whereby there are obviously flowing transitions from collodion baby to harlequin ichthyosis. The skin condition later corresponds to that of a child with severe congenital ichthyosis (ARCI). Similar to the collodion baby, cases of harlequin ichthyosis should initially be cared for in the intensive care unit for newborns and require interdisciplinary therapy. Harlequin ichthyosis is caused by very special mutations in the ABCA12 gene. These mutations also have an impact on survival. If homozygous mutations are present, the prospects are worse than if the parents have heterozygous mutations. Homozygous mutations are often present when the parents are consanguineous.

A Yakut Composite Bow from the Toybokhoy Museum

We give the fi rst description of an unusual composite bow of the Central Asian type, owned by the Toybokhoy Museum in the Suntarsky District of Yakutia, and provide information about its discovery. We foc us on the details and structural peculiarities of the specimen, and note that this refl ex composite bow differs in terms of construction and technology from those of the Northe rn type used by the Yakuts in the 17th to 19th centuries. It resembles bows of the Central Asian type. Its distinctive features are eight horn and bone frontal plates, four end-plates, and four long edging-plates made of bone. According to folkloric sources and 17th century archival documents, before the Russians migrated to the Lena Territory, the Yakuts had used bone combat bows of the Central Asian type. We cite an archaeological fact demonstrating the use of such bows in Yakutia—a central plate from a composite bow with widening paddle-shaped ends from the mid-15th to early 16th century burial at Sergelyakh. We publish the results of the radiocarbon analysis of the horn plate from the Toybokhoy bow, carried out at the Center for Isotope Research at the University of Groningen. They support the legendary version: the Toybokhoy bow belonged to the brother of the Yakut ruler Tygyn Darkhan, Ala Kyrsyn, who lived in the early 17th century and became the founder of one of the Vilyuy Yakut clans. We conclude that alongside the Northern type bows, the late medieval Yakuts used refl ex bows of the Central Asian type.

Характерные особенности сложносоставных луков из памятника айрыдашского типа Улуг-Чолтух в Горном Алтае

Purpose. The article explores and analyzes several defining design characteristics of horn plates of compound bows, detected in the course of archaeological excavations of several male burial places at the Ulug-Choltukh burial ground. Located in the valley of the Edigan River in the middle course of the Katun River in the Altai Mountains; these were explored for several field seasons in the 2000s. Results. This article outlines the primary events related to the history of archaeological studies of findings of the compound bows of ancient peoples (Xiongnu-Xianbei time) in the Altai Mountains. The findings of the horn plates of compound bows detected in previous years in the course of excavations of Aidyraş type archaeological objects explored on the territory of the middle course of the Katun River are researched and analyzed. As a result of typological analysis, several types of compound bows are singled out among studied findings of horn plates, detected in the course of excavations of male interments at the archaeological funerary burial grounds Aidyraş I and Ulug-Choltukh. The conclusion sums up the several results of carried out explorations. Identification of horn plate findings of compound bows found during excavations of the Aidyraş burial ground, and studied in the Chemalsky District in the Altai Republic, has made it possible to relate them to long-range combat armament objects that were available to the natives who inhabited the valleys of the Katun and Edigan Rivers during the historical period of the 2nd quarter of the 1st millennium AD. The carried out typological research significantly supplements the previously known history of development of long-range combat weapons of the Altai Mountains in the course of the studied Xiongnu-Xianbei chronological period, right before the Early Middle Ages. Conclusion. The resulting typological classification of compound bows as part of a collection of horn plates findings detected in the course of excavations of the Ulug-Choltukh burial ground, clarifies the specificities and quantity of types of this long-range combat weapon kind among the Aidyraş weapons complex.

Planar H-Plane Horn Antenna Based on Groove Gap Waveguide Technology

H -plane horn antenna using gap waveguide technology is proposed. The advantage of this technology is its air-filled feature, which improves the impedance matching compared with substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) horn antennas. Corrugated walls as soft surfaces are used on the outer surfaces of the upper and lower horn plates, which act as barriers around the aperture of the antenna and reduce its backlobe levels. The bandwidth of the antenna for $| {{S_{11}}} |$ < -10 dB is 19–28 GHz and the gain varies between 8.5 and 12 dBi. The total efficiency is better than 88% in the operation bandwidth. This structure has the capability of easily integrating with other planar microwave components. As a demonstration, a coupled-resonator filter is integrated with the antenna to select the desired frequency band and cancel the out-of-band harmonics. For the proof of concept, a prototype model is fabricated and tested, where measurement data agree well with the simulation results.

Bristle Scale As a Predecessor of Protofeather and Feather

The bristle scale is a skin appendage recognized in the ornithiscian dinosaurs Daurosaurus olovus and Kulindapteryx ukureica from the Kulinda locality (Transbaikalia, Russia). Morphologically, the bristle scale is a horn plate immersed in the dermis, with strands (bristles) diverging from its external edge. It is assumed that the filamentous protofeather of dinosaurs is the monobristle variant of the bristle scale and avian feather results from its tubular spatial modification. The bristle scale is considered to be intermediate between the reptilian scale and avian feather.

Integument structure in ornithischian dinosaurs (Hypsilophodontia, Ornithopoda) from the Late Jurassic of Transbaikalia

Integumentary structures of ornithischain dinosaurs of the taxon Hypsilophodontia (Ornithopoda) from the Ukureiskaya Formation (Upper Jurassic) of the Kulinda locality (Transbaikal Region, Russia) are described in detail. It is shown that members of this group had so-called bristle scales, integumentary appendages previously unknown in ornithischian dinosaurs. These are relatively small horn plates embedded in the skin, the distal margin of which has several long, flat, and probably constantly growing bristles. The monobristle variant of bristle scale is probably homologous to the protofeather of theropods; if this is the case, it is possible to reconstruct the protofeather as an elongated and constantly growing scale.

Composite Bows from Uch-kurbu in Kyrgyzstan

The article addresses the topic of composite bows from nomadic sites in Tien Shan and Zhetysu. Horn plates from bows discovered in 2008–2009 at Uch-Kurbu on the Tosor River, the Issyk-Kul Depression (Kyrgyzstan), are described and analyzed. The original design of the wooden core of the bow and the location of horn plates thereon are reconstructed. Based on our earlier classification of weapons, these are composite bows of the Xiongnu-Xianbei period. Two subtypes are identified, based on the design of plates at the ends of the bow. Evidently, composite bows with end, medio-lateral, and medio-frontal plates were the most efficient range weapon of the period.

On the Innervation of the Human External Auditory Canal

In the outer half, the upper wall of the bony part of the external auditory canal shows a histological picture similar to that of the cartilaginous part, but in other sides and parts, the picture of the wall is quite different. In the former part too, however, the further we go inwards, the epidermis becomes the thinner, the hair follicles in the corium worse developed and the ceruminous glands in the subcutis the fewer, finally disappearing altogether.The development of the str. papillare of the corium of the bony part is very poor, so that in some parts it appears as if the epidermis directly touches the str. reticulare. Stratum reticulare is composed of collagenous fibre bundles arranged circularly, but is only very thin except in the outer half of the upper wall of the part, as is also the subcutis containing a small number of fat cells, and its outer surface joins the periosteum of the temporal bone.The epidermis becomes the thinner, as we go further interiorwards, its str. germinativum being covered by a thin horn plate often with cell nuclei, as found in the tympanic membrane.The inner half of the bony part is abundantly provided with blood vessels. Beside the venous plexus without smooth muscle fibres extending out of the subcutis into the corium, we find some small veins surrounded by longitudinal smooth muscle bundles. These veins are connected with the capillaries formed subepidermally, and in the outer half, the veins gradually gain in size, but the muscle fibres around them decrease more and more. There are besides some smooth muscle fibres running about circularly in the corium independent of any blood vessels.The innervation, especially, the sensory innervation, of the cartilaginous part is not much different from that of any common haired skin. That is to say, most of the sensory nerve fibres end in plexus-like terminations poorly developed in the SETO's so-called hair nerve shields or rings in the necks of the hair follicles, while a minor part of them run into the str. papillare and form unbranched and simple branched terminations therein. The quantity of such fibres here is larger than in the scalp, the eye-lid, the belly and the back skin, and is nearly equal to that in the outer genitals and the perineum, but though this cartilaginous part is susceptible to a similar ticklish feeling, it contains no genital nerve bodies or PACINIan bodies.The outer half of the upper wall of the bony part of the auditory canal is rather similar to that of the cartilagionus part, poorly formed plexus-like terminations being found in the poorly developed hair follicle necks and unbranched and simple branched terminations beneath the epidermis. The quantity of the latter here is larger than in the cartilagionus part.In the wall of the bony part except in the upper side of the outer half, the sensory fibres are markedly abundant, mostly ending in unbranched and simple branched terminations subepidermally. On approaching the tympanic membrane, the number of sensoy terminations grow still larger, some of their terminal fibres showing the appearance as if running into the epidermis itself, as seen in the skin part of the tympanic membrane. Besides, some branched terminations usually formed by thick fibres are not rarely found adjacent to the periosteum of the temporal bone in this part.

Glacial Moraines in the Vicinity of Estes Park, Colorado

Brown. My son Levi has beautifully restored it. It lay on the side of a steep slope, part of one side washed down the hill. However, when they were restored, very little was missing. It is the best specimen my parties found in the four years we collected there. It is 41/2 feet long, and as far as I know, equalled only by the type in the American Museum, New York, where they have the entire skeleton. I have described these dinosaurs in my recent book, Hunting Dinosaurs in the Red Deer River, Alberta, and need not go into details here. In addition to the dinosaurs collected, I secured a large collection of scattered bones that will be of value as hand specimens to illustrate the wonderful fauna of the Pierre age. We secured some fine turtles. Two, in fact, have nearly perfect shells. One, Lambe's Boremys pluchra, a new species, Levi found in 1913. The other is evidently new, and is the only one I have found in the Belly River Series, either in Montana or Canada, where the ribs are not co6ssified to the margin. It resembles somewhat the sea tortoises of the Niobrara chalk of Kansas. Then we have a beautifully sculptured plastron of a new species of Aspiderites, a form that was not covered with horny scutes, half the plastron of a large Adocus that must have been three feet long in life. This shows the marks of very strong horn plates.

GLACIAL MORAINES IN THE VICINITY OF ESTES PARK, COLORADO

Brown. My son Levi has beautifully restored it. It lay on the side of a steep slope, part of one side washed down the hill. However, when they were restored, very little was missing. It is the best specimen my parties found in the four years we collected there. It is 41/2 feet long, and as far as I know, equalled only by the type in the American Museum, New York, where they have the entire skeleton. I have described these dinosaurs in my recent book, Hunting Dinosaurs in the Red Deer River, Alberta, and need not go into details here. In addition to the dinosaurs collected, I secured a large collection of scattered bones that will be of value as hand specimens to illustrate the wonderful fauna of the Pierre age. We secured some fine turtles. Two, in fact, have nearly perfect shells. One, Lambe's Boremys pluchra, a new species, Levi found in 1913. The other is evidently new, and is the only one I have found in the Belly River Series, either in Montana or Canada, where the ribs are not co6ssified to the margin. It resembles somewhat the sea tortoises of the Niobrara chalk of Kansas. Then we have a beautifully sculptured plastron of a new species of Aspiderites, a form that was not covered with horny scutes, half the plastron of a large Adocus that must have been three feet long in life. This shows the marks of very strong horn plates.