Horizontal Threads Research Articles

Crossing points detection in plain weave for old paintings with deep learning

In the forensic studies of painting masterpieces, the analysis of the support is of major importance. For plain weave fabrics, the densities of vertical and horizontal threads are used as main features, while angle deviations from the vertical and horizontal axis are also of help. These features can be studied locally through the canvas. In this work, deep learning is proposed as a tool to perform these local densities and angle studies. We trained the model with samples from 36 paintings by Velázquez, Rubens or Ribera, among others. The data preparation and augmentation are dealt with at a first stage of the pipeline. We then focus on the supervised segmentation of crossing points between threads. The U-Net with inception and Dice loss are presented as good choices for this task. Densities and angles are then estimated based on the segmented crossing points. We report test results of the analysis of a few canvases and a comparison with methods in the frequency domain, widely used in this problem. We concluded that this new approach successes in some cases where the frequency analysis tools fail, while improves the results in others. Besides, our proposal does not need the labeling of part of the to be processed image. As case studies, we apply this novel algorithm to the analysis of two pairs of canvases by Velázquez and Murillo, to conclude that the fabrics used came from the same roll.

A Study on Dobby Design that Applies a Complex Weave Design

Fabric refers to a fabric in which warp (vertical thread) and weft (horizontal thread) cross at the right angles. Here, the warp is more twisted than the weft. The number of twists increases, the stronger it becomes. The fabric is glued on a warp, and is subjected to great tension in the shuttle loom machine. A lot of friction in the shuttle loom’s traffic is applied so that protective work is performed to strengthen it. The weft is thicker and less twisted than the warp. Therefore, its side is weaker than the warp’s side, but its elasticity is high. The width of the fabric is determined according to the loom machine. Hence, if it is large, the fabric can be produced broadly, and if it is small, the fabric can be produced narrowly. In general, it can be divided into small, medium, and large. The textile organization, which is the main pillar of the textile composition, started with the beginning of the industrial revolution and has been around for 400 years. However, compared to that long time, the reality of textile technology was that the basic weaves of the fabric have existed about 600 times. In this study, the number of textile weaves designs that will be induced and created into Dobby weave using complex weave is mathematically infinite. The size and diversity of designs are also increased to infinite areas. The applied dobby design, which is the result of this study, is primarily used as an organization that constitutes a fabric, and secondly, as a pattern for various industries. This is a revolutionary result of the history of textile weaving, and I am sure that it will be a pattern design necessary for all industries.

FEM Simulation of Composite Polyurethane Foam for Car Seat Cushion

Reduction of both harmful emissions and energy performance intensity of transportation currently ranks among the most important factors influencing the current trends in the development of components used in the automotive industry, particularly due to the legislative regulations concerning the reduction of greenhouse gases. For car producers is one of the possible ways of how to achieve such a goal is to reduce the weight of individual car components while maintaining or improving their in-use material properties. Therefore, the requirement of weight reduction also applies to car seat cushions. FEM a very powerful tool of mechanical parts design. A composite material model has been designed and verified. There were created structural models enabling us to study and visualize the stress distribution between the fibers and the polyurethane foam structure, the structural models were created by means of model simulations using the finite elements. Several configurations of structural models with horizontal and vertical threads were created. Then were developed FEM simulations corresponding with real geometry of the composite seat cushion and their results were evaluated.

The Frame and The Swerve: Music Video's Relationship to Dance

THE FRAME AND THE SWERVE: MUSIC VIDEO’S RELATIONSHIP TO DANCE BRAD OSBORN I. FRAME AND SWERVE RAWING FROM THINKERS as diverse as Parmenides, Heraclitus, Nietzsche, and Hegel, John Rahn draws a distinction between two modes of framing the world: Being and Becoming. Being is “the tendency to identify an unchanging essence of things and to sort out the cosmos in terms of such essences,”1 while a philosophy of Becoming focuses on “existence rather than essence; change, flux, fire, plasma. . . .”2 For Rahn, this Being/Becoming binary maps neatly onto Lucretius’s model of the universe: a frame, in which each unchanging essence falls in neat parallel lines as a stream of atoms, represents the Being strand. What makes the universe interesting for Lucretius—what makes change occur or transforms Being into Becoming—is its propensity for swerve, for one stream of falling atoms to interact spontaneously with another stream. The Being of Lucretius’s neat parallel atomic movements represents “the frame of structural (or divine) order” whereas Becoming is engendered by the swerve of “free and artistic will.”3 D 212 Perspectives of New Music Rahn uses this binary opposition to describe some innovative ways that music theorists have used mathematics to talk about music. Theorists of Being focus on “nailing down simple invariant structures such as scales, chords, and pitch class sets, making taxonomies, natural histories,”4 while theorists of Becoming (often composer-theorists) focus on “what might be useful theory for their compositional activity.”5 In true Rahnian fashion, he sets up this binary opposition only to problematize the binary itself: “Turbulence is not free will, laminar flow is not determinism or slavery or totalitarianism (or even bad art).”6 I will use this opposition between Being/frame and Becoming/ swerve (and its eventual destruction) to model what I see as two different ways in which music videos relate to the dance(r)s they depict. The first I’ll call choreographed. In choreographed videos, several dancers perform (nearly) identical dances, each body falling in parallel lines within a Lucretian frame. The sounding music, usually played in real time during the video’s filming session, could also be described as one of these parallel lines. As Rahn says of Being, “entities do not have to influence each other on the fly and nothing really changes.”7 But if we look closely, we can observe slight swerves in which the spontaneous actions cued by that sounding music influence one or more dancers’ bodies to fall out of sync, to fall with free will. Contrast the choreographed dance with the improvised. In this type of music video, several bodies (often playing instruments) interact spontaneously with the sounding music as they trace the audible lines of their recorded artifact. The improvised video is full of flux and swerve. Each dancer is spontaneously influenced not only by the dynamics of the sounding music, but also the other dancers’ spontaneous bodily interpretations. Like Becoming, improvised dancing constitutes a complex system of “interacting agents which evolves irreversibly and almost capriciously to a complex organization of its own.”8 Chaos is held together only by the framing music; the musicians must convincingly approximate the bodily movements associated with the heard instrumental music. The music and the dancers are therefore entangled, interweaving a series of horizontal threads. II. A TALE OF TWO VIDEOS Like some music theorists, multimedia scholars like typologies.9 Music videos have been classified into various types by a number of scholars. Martina Elicker offers a four-part typology: 1) Videos that illustrate the lyrics; 2) Videos that add new meanings that amplify, but do not The Frame and The Swerve: Music Video’s Relationship to Dance 213 contradict the lyrics; 3) Videos that have no apparent relationship with the lyrics and/or contradict them; and 4) Performance video.10 Relative degrees of narrative structure underpin the first three types, proceeding from a video’s tightest possible relationship with the lyrics to the loosest. Elicker, Carol Vernallis, and others have developed sophisticated tools and theories to address the difference between the first three types of video.11 However, the fourth type, the performance video, remains under-theorized. Scholars have often cast...

Two-sided-loop Jets Associated with Magnetic Reconnection between Emerging Loops and Twisted Filament Threads

Abstract Coronal jets are always produced by magnetic reconnection between emerging flux and pre-existing overlying magnetic fields. When the overlying field is vertical/oblique or horizontal, the coronal jet will appear as anemone type or two-sided-loop type. Most observational jets are of the anemone type, and only a few two-sided-loop jets have been reported. Using the high-quality data from New Vacuum Solar Telescope, Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph, and Solar Dynamics Observatory, we present an example of two-sided-loop jets simultaneously observed in the chromosphere, transition region, and corona. The continuous emergence of magnetic flux brought in successively, the emergence of coronal loops and the slow rise of overlying horizontal filament threads. The following occurred sequentially: the deformation of the loops, the plasmoid ejection from the loop top, and pairs of loop brightenings and jets moving along the untwisting filament threads. All of the observational results indicate that magnetic reconnection exists between the emerging loops and the overlying horizontal filament threads, and it is the first example of two-sided-loop jets associated with ejected plasmoids and twisted overlying fields.

Simultaneous Transverse and Longitudinal Oscillations in a Quiescent Prominence Triggered by a Coronal Jet

Abstract In this paper, we report our multiwavelength observations of the simultaneous transverse and longitudinal oscillations in a quiescent prominence. The prominence was observed by the Global Oscillation Network Group and by the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly on board the Solar Dynamics Observatory on 2015 June 29. A GOES C2.4 flare took place in NOAA active region 12373, which was associated with a pair of short ribbons and a remote ribbon. During the impulsive phase of the flare, a coronal jet spurted out of the primary flare site and propagated in the northwest direction at an apparent speed of ∼224 km s−1. Part of the jet stopped near the remote ribbon. The remaining part continued moving forward before stopping to the east of the prominence. Once the jet encountered the prominence, it pushed the prominence to oscillate periodically. The transverse oscillation of the eastern part (EP) of prominence can be divided into two phases. In phase I, the initial amplitude, velocity, period, and damping timescale are ∼4.5 Mm, ∼20 km s−1, ∼25 minutes, and ∼7.5 hr, respectively. The oscillation lasted for two cycles. In phase II, the initial amplitude increases to ∼11.3 Mm, while the initial velocity halves to ∼10 km s−1. The period increases by a factor of ∼3.5. With a damping timescale of ∼4.4 hr, the oscillation lasted for about three cycles. The western part of prominence also experienced transverse oscillation. The initial amplitude is only ∼2 Mm and the velocity is less than 10 km s−1. The period (∼27 minutes) is slightly longer than that of the EP in phase I. The oscillation lasted for about four cycles with the shortest damping timescale (∼1.7 hr). To the east of prominence, a handful of horizontal threads experienced longitudinal oscillation. The initial amplitude, velocity, period, and damping timescale are ∼52 Mm, ∼50 km s−1, ∼99 minutes, and 2.5 hr, respectively. To our knowledge, this is the first report of simultaneous transverse and longitudinal prominence oscillations triggered by a coronal jet.

Reconstruction of a helical prominence in 3D from IRIS spectra and images

Context. Movies of prominences obtained by space instruments e.g. the Solar Optical Telescope (SOT) aboard the Hinode satellite and the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS) with high temporal and spatial resolution revealed the tremendous dynamical nature of prominences. Knots of plasma belonging to prominences appear to travel along both vertical and horizontal thread-like loops, with highly dynamical nature. Aims. The aim of the paper is to reconstruct the 3D shape of a helical prominence observed over two and a half hours by IRIS. Methods. From the IRIS Mg ii k spectra we compute Doppler shifts of the plasma inside the prominence and from the slit-jaw images (SJI) we derive the transverse field in the plane of the sky. Finally we obtain the velocity vector field of the knots in 3D. Results.We reconstruct the real trajectories of nine knots travelling along ellipses. Conclusions. The spiral-like structure of the prominence observed in the plane of the sky is mainly due to the projection effect of long arches of threads (up to 8 × 104 km). Knots run along more or less horizontal threads with velocities reaching 65 km s-1. The dominant driving force is the gas pressure.

Social pediatrics: weaving horizontal and vertical threads through pediatric residency

BackgroundSocial pediatrics teaches pediatric residents how to understand disease within their patients’ social, environmental and political contexts. It’s an essential component of pediatric residency training; however there is very little literature that addresses how such a broad-ranging topic can be taught effectively. The aim of this study was to determine and characterize social pediatric education in our pediatric residency training in order to identify strengths and gaps.MethodsA social pediatrics curriculum map was developed, attending to 3 different dimensions: (1) the intended curriculum as prescribed by the Objectives of Training for Pediatrics of the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada (RCPSC), (2) the formal curriculum defined by rotation-specific learning objectives, and (3) the informal/hidden curriculum as reflected in resident and teacher experiences and perceptions.ResultsForty-one social pediatric learning objectives were extracted from the RCPSC Objectives of Training for Pediatrics, most were listed in the Medical Expert (51%) and Health Advocate competencies (24%). Almost all RCPSC social pediatric learning objectives were identified in more than one rotation and/or seminar. Adolescent Medicine (29.2%), Pediatric Ambulatory Medicine (26.2%) and Developmental Pediatrics (25%) listed the highest proportion of social pediatric learning objectives. Four (10%) RCPSC social pediatric objectives were not explicitly named within learning objectives of the formal curriculum. The informal curriculum revealed that both teachers and residents viewed social pediatrics as integral to all clinical encounters. Perceived barriers to teaching and learning of social pediatrics included time constraints, particularly in a tertiary care environment, and the value of social pediatrics relative to medical expert knowledge.ConclusionsDespite the lack of an explicit thematic presentation of social pediatric learning objectives by the Royal College and residency training program, social pediatric topics are integrated, taught and learned throughout the entire curriculum. Special attention needs to be given to the hidden curriculum and system barriers that may impede social pediatric education.

HELICAL MOTIONS OF FINE-STRUCTURE PROMINENCE THREADS OBSERVED BY HINODE AND IRIS

ABSTRACT Fine-structure dynamics in solar prominences holds critical clues to understanding their physical nature of significant space-weather implications. We report evidence of rotational motions of horizontal helical threads in two active-region prominences observed by the Hinode and/or Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph satellites at high resolution. In the first event, we found transverse motions of brightening threads at speeds up to 55 km s−1 seen in the plane of the sky. Such motions appeared as sinusoidal space–time trajectories with a typical period of ∼390 s, which is consistent with plane-of-sky projections of rotational motions. Phase delays at different locations suggest the propagation of twists along the threads at phase speeds of 90–270 km s−1. At least 15 episodes of such motions occurred in two days, none associated with an eruption. For these episodes, the plane-of-sky speed is linearly correlated with the vertical travel distance, suggestive of a constant angular speed. In the second event, we found Doppler velocities of 30–40 km s−1 in opposite directions in the top and bottom portions of the prominence, comparable to the plane-of-sky speed. The moving threads have about twice broader line widths than stationary threads. These observations, when taken together, provide strong evidence for rotations of helical prominence threads, which were likely driven by unwinding twists triggered by magnetic reconnection between twisted prominence magnetic fields and ambient coronal fields.

INTERNAL DYNAMICS OF A TWIN-LAYER SOLAR PROMINENCE

ABSTRACT Modern observations revealed rich dynamics within solar prominences. The globally stable quiescent prominences, characterized by the presence of thin vertical threads and falling knobs, are frequently invaded by small rising dark plumes. These dynamic phenomena are related to magnetic Rayleigh–Taylor instability, since prominence matter, 100 times denser than surrounding coronal plasma, is lifted against gravity by weak magnetic field. To get a deeper understanding of the physics behind these phenomena, we use three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic simulations to investigate the nonlinear magnetoconvective motions in a twin-layer prominence in a macroscopic model from chromospheric layers up to 30 Mm height. The properties of simulated falling “fingers” and uprising bubbles are consistent with those in observed vertical threads and rising plumes in quiescent prominences. Both sheets of the twin-layer prominence show a strongly coherent evolution due to their magnetic connectivity, and demonstrate collective kink deformation. Our model suggests that the vertical threads of the prominence as seen in an edge-on view, and the apparent horizontal threads of the filament when seen top-down are different appearances of the same structures. Synthetic images of the modeled twin-layer prominence reflect the strong degree of mixing established over the entire prominence structure, in agreement with the observations.

RECENT RESEARCHES OF THE LATERAL FLEXIBILITY OF RAIL THREAD UNDER COMBINED ACTION OF VERTICAL AND HORIZONTAL FORCES

Purpose. Studying the characteristics of spatial flexibility of rail thread is necessary for solving problems in calculation rails durability in full formulation, namely under combined action of vertical and horizontal forces and torque moment on the track. Characteristics of torsional lateral horizontal elasticity and rail thread are the least researched under combined action of vertical and horizontal forces on the track. In the current method of engineering calculation the track durability the impact on track horizontal forces are counted only indirectly through the use of so-called «factors of influence», which are not connected with calculations. That is, the current method cannot let obtain the exact strains and stresses of rails under combined action on the track vertical and horizontal forces. The article purpose is solving the problem of calculation the real lateral modulus of railway track under combined action of vertical and horizontal forces. Methodology. In this paper the complex method of solving the problem was used: with the help of experimental method characteristics of rail horizontal transverse stiffness when exposed only horizontal force were measured; theoretical researches were used for calculation the actual lateral elastic modulus of track Uy(T) (when combined action of vertical and horizontal forces on track takes place). Findings. New data characteristics of lateral flexibility of rail thread were obtained for modern designs of the railway track on concrete and wooden sleepers with rails R65, UIC60, R50, R43 and with fastenings КБ, КПП-5, КПП-1, Д0. Originality. For the first time in domestic researches, experimental and theoretical solution of characteristics of lateral flexibility of rail threads under combined action of vertical and horizontal wheel loads with positioning the functional dependence of variable transverse modulus of the rail elasticity Uy(T) from the ratio of co-operating vertical and horizontal dynamic forces Pdyn / Нdyn . Practical value. The results allow calculating the strength of rail threads considering combined action of vertical and horizontal forces on the track for concrete and wooden sleepers with significantly higher accuracy than with the current method of calculation the track for strength.

Quantitative Canvas Weave Analysis Using 2-D Synchrosqueezed Transforms: Application of time-frequency analysis to art investigation

Quantitative canvas weave analysis has many applications in art investigations of paintings, including dating, forensics, and canvas rollmate identification. Traditionally, canvas analysis is based on X-radiographs. Prior to serving as a painting canvas, a piece of fabric is coated with a priming agent; smoothing its surface makes this layer thicker between and thinner right on top of weave threads. These variations affect the X-ray absorption, making the weave pattern stand out in X-ray images of the finished painting. To characterize this pattern, it is customary to visually inspect small areas within the X-radiograph and count the number of horizontal and vertical weave threads; averages of these then estimate the overall canvas weave density. The tedium of this process typically limits its practice to just a few sample regions of the canvas. In addition, it does not capture more subtle information beyond weave density, such as thread angles or variations in the weave pattern. Signal processing techniques applied to art investigation are now increasingly used to develop computer-assisted canvas weave analysis tools.

The Daoist Jiao Celebration

204 The Daoist Jiao Celebration MICHAEL SASO The following analysis of Daoist jiao 醮 liturgy is based on the oral teachings of Daoist masters in Hsinchu, Taiwan (1955-1976, 2008-2013), and Mainland China (1986-2013). The primary written sources for the rituals listed here were published in the 25-volume Zhuanglin Xu Daozang 庄林 续道臧 (Taipei: Chengwen Press, 1972). A second volume, Dokyo Hiketsu Shusei 道教秘诀集成 (Tokyo: Ryukei Press), containing the esoteric mijue oral teachings reserved for the use of Daoist masters, appeared in 1978. Audio and video productions of the entire jiao festival were made in 1969, 1972, and 1980. Readers may access them online, via YouTube, and the blogsite www.michaelsaso.org. Printed source materials are also available in CD and DVD format, making once overly expensive sources readily accessible. On-going field research, continuing to the present day, brings a much deeper understanding of the role of women Daoists in the meditative and liturgical traditions of mainland China. Men and women equally share, and perform the Daoist rituals described in this article The Evolution of the Word Jiao The word jiao in pre-imperial China (before 221 BCE), meant the ritual offering of wine and incense to the invisible spiritual forces that govern nature (Karlgren 1923, #1065-66). When China was united under a single visible emperor, during the Qin-Han dynasties, concepts of the spirit world, internal cultivation, and “rites of passage,” were unified through he acceptance of Yin-Yang Five Phases 陰陽五行 theory by the so-called New Text (Jinwen 今文 ) school as governing the rites of passage (see Liji Saso, “The Daoist Jiao Celebration ” / 205 礼记, Yili 义礼). The expression “three teachings, one culture” (sanjiao guiyi 三教歸一) was later used to describe this unifying of China into a single socio-cultural system. Confucian teachings (rujiao 儒教) codified ethics for human relationships. Buddhism (fojiao 佛教), imported from India and altered substantially in China, was successful only after it provided ritual for pacifying the souls of ancestors and other “daemon” spirits in the afterlife. Daoism (daojiao 道教) provided a ritual system to mediate changes in nature, and relations with the spirit world. Daoists, from the period of division (3rd - 6th c.) by imperial order were graded or classified into nine ranks of perfection, as were the grades given to officials in the Confucian mandarin system. Daoists of Grade Five and above (wupin 五品以上) were given higher grades because they were able to practice of internal cultivation (neigong 內功) as a part of formal ritual observances (keyi 科仪). Daoists were not trained in neigong were given Grade Six (liupin 六品) or lower. The title of “Three-Five Surveyor of Merit” (sanwu dugong 三五度公) was, and still is, used to name Grade Six, and lower Daoists (Dokyo Hiketsu Shusei, p. 33b). During the Han dynasty (206 BCE-220 CE), Daoists adopted jiao from Confucian liturgical sources and used it for a specific kind of “ritual of renewal.” Anna Seidel and various Japanese scholars, including Kubo Noritada, have attributed this phenomenon partially to the conversion of New Text scholars, rejected by the dominant “Old Text” (Guwen 古文) school of the Later Han dynasty to Zhengyi 正一 or Orthodox Unity Daoism . The Hetu 河圖 (River Chart) and Luoshu 洛書 (Writ of the Luo) texts of the apocrypha (gu weishu 古緯書) were among its original sources. They show a strong influence of the Yijing 易经 (Book of Changes) and the Laozi as well as their various apocryphal commentaries on (e.g., 有 易，老子与已经) (see Seidel 1983). Three kinds of jiao rituals appear in today’s Daozang 道臧 (Daoist Canon): Golden Register Jiao (jinlu jiao 金籙醮) for village and temple renewal; Yellow Register Zhai (huanglu zhai 黃籙齋) for burials; and Jade Register Jiao (yulu jiao 玉籙醮) for imperial court and state rituals. Due to its colorful liturgies, Daoism was called the weft (wei 緯) and Confucianism the warp (jing 经), together forming the fabric of Chinese society. Confucianism, as the “warp” or vertical threads of Chinese society, provided the classical Chinese source for texts defining socio-political 206 / Journal of Daoist Studies 8 (2015) relationships. These texts were the basis for entrance by imperial examination into the upper strata of Chinese political bureaucracy. Daoism as the “weft” or horizontal threads of Chinese society provided rituals to keep people in harmony with cosmic changes and the seasons of nature. The four seasons, life...

Open questions on prominences from coordinated observations by IRIS, Hinode, SDO/AIA, THEMIS, and the Meudon/MSDP

Context. A large prominence was observed on September 24, 2013, for three hours (12:12 UT -15:12 UT) with the newly launched (June 2013) Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS), THEMIS (Tenerife), the Hinode Solar Optical Telescope (SOT), the Solar Dynamic Observatory Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (SDO/AIA), and the Multichannel Subtractive Double Pass spectrograph (MSDP) in the Meudon Solar Tower. Aims. The aim of this work is to study the dynamics of the prominence fine structures in multiple wavelengths to understand their formation. Methods. The spectrographs IRIS and MSDP provided line profiles with a high cadence in Mg II and in Halpha lines. Results. The magnetic field is found to be globally horizontal with a relatively weak field strength (8-15 Gauss). The Ca II movie reveals turbulent-like motion that is not organized in specific parts of the prominence. On the other hand, the Mg II line profiles show multiple peaks well separated in wavelength. Each peak corresponds to a Gaussian profile, and not to a reversed profile as was expected by the present non-LTE radiative transfer modeling. Conclusions. Turbulent fields on top of the macroscopic horizontal component of the magnetic field supporting the prominence give rise to the complex dynamics of the plasma. The plasma with the high velocities (70 km/s to 100 km/s if we take into account the transverse velocities) may correspond to condensation of plasma along more or less horizontal threads of the arch-shape structure visible in 304 A. The steady flows (5 km/s) would correspond to a more quiescent plasma (cool and prominence-corona transition region) of the prominence packed into dips in horizontal magnetic field lines. The very weak secondary peaks in the Mg II profiles may reflect the turbulent nature of parts of the prominence.

Horizontal integration of OMIM across the medical school preclinical curriculum for early reinforcement of clinical genetics principles.

With the relentless expansion of genetics into every field of medicine, stronger preclinical and clinical medical student education in genetics is needed. The explosion of genetic information cannot be addressed by simply adding content hours. We proposed that students be provided a tool to access accurate clinical information on genetic conditions and, through this tool, build life-long learning habits to carry them through their medical careers. Surveys conducted at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine revealed that medical students in all years lacked confidence when approaching genetic conditions and lacked a reliable resource for accurate genetic information. In response, the school created a horizontal thread that stretches across the first-year curriculum and is devoted to teaching students how to use Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) (http://omim.org) and the databases to which it links as a starting point for approaching genetic conditions. The thread improved the first-year students' confidence in clinical genetics concepts and encouraged use of OMIM as a primary source for genetic information. Most students showed confidence in OMIM as a learning tool and wanted to see the thread repeated in subsequent years. Incorporating OMIM into the preclinical curriculum improved students' confidence in clinical genetics concepts.

Propagating waves transverse to the magnetic field in a solar prominence

AbstractWe have observed a quiescent prominence with the Hinode Solar Optical Telescope (SOT) (Ca II and Hα lines), Sacramento Peak Dunn Solar Telescope using the Universal Birefringent Filter (DST/UBF, in Hα, Hβ and Sodium-D lines), THEMIS (Télescope Héliographique pour l Etude du Magnétisme et des Instabilités Solaires/MTR (Multi Raies) spectromagnetograph (He D3), and the Solar Dynamics Observatory Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (SDO/AIA) in EUV over a 4 hour period on 2012 October 10. The small fields of view of the SOT, DST, and MTR are centered on a large prominence footpoint extending towards the surface. This feature appears in the larger field of view of the AIA/304 Å filtergram as a large, quasi-vertical pillar with loops on each side. The THEMIS/MTR data indicate that the magnetic field in the pillar is essentially horizontal and the observations in the optical domain show a large number of horizontally aligned features in the pillar. The data are consistent with a model of cool prominence plasma trapped in the dips of horizontal field lines. The SOT and DST data show what appear to be moving wave pulses. These pulses, which include a Doppler signature, move vertically, perpendicular to the field direction, along quasi-vertical columns of horizontal threads in the pillar. The pulses have a velocity of propagation of about 10 km/s, a wavelength about 2000 km in the plane of the sky, and a period about 280 sec. We interpret these waves in terms of fast magnetosonic waves.

OBSERVATIONS AND MAGNETIC FIELD MODELING OF A SOLAR POLAR CROWN PROMINENCE

We present observations and magnetic field modeling of the large polar crown prominence that erupted on 2010 December 6. Combination of SDO/AIA and STEREO$\_$Behind/EUVI allows us to see the fine structures of this prominence both at the limb and on the disk. We focus on the structures and dynamics of this prominence before the eruption. This prominence contains two parts: an active region part containing mainly horizontal threads, and a quiet Sun part containing mainly vertical threads. On the northern side of the prominence channel, both AIA and EUVI observe bright features which appear to be the lower legs of loops that go above then join in the filament. Filament materials are observed to frequently eject horizontally from the active region part to the quiet Sun part. This ejection results in the formation of a dense-column structure (concentration of dark vertical threads) near the border between the active region and the quiet Sun. Using the flux rope insertion method, we create non-linear force-free field models based on SDO/HMI line-of-sight magnetograms. A key feature of these models is that the flux rope has connections with the surroundings photosphere, so its axial flux varies along the filament path. The height and location of the dips of field lines in our models roughly replicate those of the observed prominence. Comparison between model and observations suggests that the bright features on the northern side of the channel are the lower legs of the field lines that turn into the flux rope. We suggest that plasma may be injected into the prominence along these field lines. Although the models fit the observations quiet well, there are also some interesting differences. For example, the models do not reproduce the observed vertical threads and cannot explain the formation of the dense-column structure.

Weave analysis of paintings on canvas from radiographs

A spectral algorithm is described for measuring from radiographs the weaving densities of the horizontal and vertical threads that comprise a painting's canvas. A framework for relating spectra to canvas weave type is presented. The so-called thread density and angle maps obtained from the algorithm reveal the canvas's distinctive density variations and provide insights into how the canvas was prepared. Applying a two-stage correlation procedure to the density variations allowed determination of which paintings' support could have been cut from the same piece of canvas. The first stage uses a nonparametric test of the similarity of the probability distributions of two painting's thread counts. The second stage is a new correlation procedure more stringent than the usual cross-correlation function. Examples drawn from the paintings by Vincent van Gogh illustrate the algorithms.

The role of Rayleigh-Taylor instabilities in filament threads

Many solar filaments and prominences show short-lived horizontal threads lying parallel to the photosphere. In this work the possible link between Rayleigh-Taylor instabilities and thread lifetimes is investigated. This is done by calculating the eigenmodes of a thread modelled as a Cartesian slab under the presence of gravity. An analytical dispersion relation is derived using the incompressible assumption for the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) perturbations. The system allows a mode that is always stable, independently of the value of the Alfv\'en speed in the thread. The character of this mode varies from being localised at the upper interface of the slab when the magnetic field is weak, to having a global nature and resembling the transverse kink mode when the magnetic field is strong. On the contrary, the slab model permits another mode that is unstable and localised at the lower interface when the magnetic field is weak. The growth rates of this mode can be very short, of the order of minutes for typical thread conditions. This Rayleigh-Taylor unstable mode becomes stable when the magnetic field is increased, and in the limit of strong magnetic field it is essentially a sausage magnetic mode. The gravity force might have a strong effect on the modes of oscillation of threads, depending on the value of the Alfv\'en speed. In the case of threads in quiescent filaments, where the Alfv\'en speed is presumably low, very short lifetimes are expected according to the slab model. In active region prominences, the stabilising effect of the magnetic tension might be enough to suppress the Rayleigh-Taylor instability for a wide range of wavelengths.

Metodología pictórica en la obra de Antonio López García

From the begin to his personal and pictorial consolidation in the second half of the sixties, the painter Antonio Lopez (1936) undergoes a change of his measuring procedure because he considers that some perspective instruments are needed to keep the reality in a precise way. The wooden square, created by himsef, and the compass will become his daily tools in his pictorial procedure. In this sense, it is necessary to highlight other resources such as the fixed plumb lines, that work as a vertical axis or the horizontal thread that is used as a horizon line. That is to say, Antonio Lopez’s work openly shows the attempts and corrections he is experimenting with, thus exposing the nuances of the pictorial process.