Horizontal Root Research Articles

Immediate fixed temporization with a natural tooth crown pontic and fiber-reinforced composite following horizontal root fracture: A case report

Anterior tooth loss can significantly affect self-esteem, particularly in young individuals. Traditional treatments like removable prostheses often fail to meet aesthetic and functional standards. Using the patient’s natural tooth as a temporary bridge offers a perfect match in size, shape, and color, with psychological benefits. In this case, a 24-year-old male with a fractured maxillary left central incisor underwent tooth extraction. The extracted tooth was cleaned, reshaped with composite resin, and attached to adjacent teeth using fiber-reinforced composite. This technique provided immediate restoration with an aesthetically pleasing ovate pontic design that supported natural gingival health. The patient reported satisfaction with the aesthetic and functional outcome after one month. Utilizing the natural tooth as a pontic is cost-effective, minimally invasive, and preserves future treatment options, making it an ideal temporary solution for anterior tooth loss.

Conservative Management of Horizontal Root Fracture: ACase Report.

In cases where permanent teeth have closed apices and completely erupted roots, the probability of root fractures is increased due to the stable support given by the adjacent bone and periodontal tissues. Fractures have the potential to affect several dental structures, including the pulp, dentin, cementum, bone, and periodontal tissues. In cases of horizontal root fractures (HRF), the apical section typically maintains vitality; however, the present case presented an unusual apex necrosis. Given the patient's age and tooth stability, traditional apical surgery was deemed inappropriate. Instead, a conservative treatment approach was chosen to preserve the tooth. This case report details the management and a 2-year follow-up of a maxillary central incisor exhibiting a HRF and apical necrosis, successfully addressed through the application of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA) in the both apical and coronal segments. Using MTA prevented apical surgery in cases of apex necrosis accompanied by HRF.

Use of mineral trioxide aggregate in the treatment of horizontal root fracture with a 4-year follow-up: case report

Use of mineral trioxide aggregate in the treatment of horizontal root fracture with a 4-year follow-up: case report

Intraspecific variation in root system structure in a Pinus thunbergii stand grown in a gravelly spit coast.

ABSTRACT Root systems of Pinus thunbergii planted in coastal forests exhibit high phenotypic plasticity under edaphic conditions. The objectives of this study were as follows: 1) to determine intraspecific variation in root system traits, maximum root depth and length of horizontal roots of P. thunbergii in a gravelly spit within a stand by excavation of entire root systems, and root system structure modelling from photographs; and 2) to determine whether the root system traits can be inferred from aboveground traits. The P. thunbergii trees grew twisting roots through the hard soil layer of sand and gravel and exhibited variation in root systems; most individuals had inherent tap root systems, but one had a two-tiered thick horizontal root system with a thinner tap root. Although the maximum length of the horizontal root had no relationship with the aboveground traits, the maximum root depth of P. thunbergii was significantly related to tree height. This suggests that tree height can be a predictive indicator of root depth, which is valuable for the rehabilitation of disaster-resistant coastal forests. Both surface and solid models of root system were produced using structure-from-motion with a multi-view stereophotogrammetry method, which enabled continuous estimation of the sum of the root cross-sectional area at any depth in the depth direction. The new method of reconstructing root system models was effective for post-analysis of traits after excavation. We concluded that intraspecific variations in the root system traits of P. thunbergii were observed even at the stand level on a gravelly spit coast.

Fixing active sand dune by native grasses in the desert of Northwest China

BackgroundDesertification is the most severe environmental problem in arid and semi-arid regions and has caused great economic loss every year. However, artificial sand fixation barriers function on sand fixation for only 10–20 years. Searching for a native species with long-term sand fixation effect and strong environmental adaptive capacity, and low water consumption is needed. In this study, we investigated the environmental adaption and sand fixation effect of a grass from Poaceae family (Psammochloa villosa) that is indigenous to the desert of Northwest China.ResultsThe results showed that P. villosa has a streamlined leaf form, strong mechanical strength, and flexibility to adapt to wind. Leaf curling of P. villosa under drought decreased water loss rate through decreased evaporation area to adapt to drought. Significant negative relationship between adventitious root length and horizontal root burial depth indicates that adventitious roots help P. villosa absorb water and nutrients from soil under shallow sand burial condition, which enables P. villosa to adapt to different sand burial conditions. P. villosa fixed sand dunes through the distribution of the population at the top of the dune and the vertical relationship between the direction of windblown sand and the direction of growth of P. villosa, which stopped the expansion of the dune.ConclusionsGrowth characteristics of wind and drought tolerant leaf traits and adventitious roots under sand burial indicate that P. villosa is well adapted to dry sandy desert conditions and burial by sand. The distribution of the P. villosa population on the sand dune is a “brake” on its expansion. These findings provide new insight for active sand dune fixation and desertification control using native grass in the desertified regions.

Immediate and late treatment of horizontal root fractures

Immediate and late treatment of horizontal root fractures

Immature Central Incisors With Horizontal Root Fracture:36 Months Follow-up

Immature Central Incisors With Horizontal Root Fracture:36 Months Follow-up

CT-Assisted Management with Biodentine Obturation and Aesthetic Rehabilitation of a Geminated Maxillary Central Incisor with Mid-Root Fracture: A Rare Case Report

Gemination, a rare aberration in tooth development, results from the incomplete division of one tooth germ into two. In this case report, a true geminated permanent maxillary central incisor tooth with a horizontal mid-root fracture is successfully treated by non-surgical endodontic treatment. To elucidate the intricate root canal anatomy of this rare geminated incisor, we employed computed tomography imaging technology, enhancing our understanding of this complex case. Utilizing biodentine for obturation proved pivotal, as its capacity to accelerate reparative dentin formation facilitated prompt healing, particularly beneficial in fracture cases. This was followed by aesthetic rehabilitation to achieve a pleasing mesio-distal dimension for both the central incisors using a zirconia-reinforced porcelain crowns. Keywords: Computed Tomography (CT), Gemination, Horizontal root fracture, Biodentine Obturation

Management of horizontal root fracture with root resorption at apical third using calcium silicate-based cement -A case report

Management of horizontal root fracture with root resorption at apical third using calcium silicate-based cement -A case report

Application of '10 Keys' Checklist and Partial Extraction Techniques to Optimize Esthetic Outcome for Adjacent Implants in the Esthetic Zone.

Placing immediate implants in the esthetic zone area poses significant challenges. Implants should be placed with consideration to hard and soft tissue management to optimize long term implant and cosmetic success. In this case report, two maxillary central incisors were extracted in two different time points, separated by 5 years because of horizontal root fractures. Implants were placed according to immediate single-tooth guidelines, using two different surgical and loading approaches, as risk assessment factors changed in the time between first immediate placement (#8) and second immediate placement (#9). These techniques included Partial Extraction Therapy (PET), the use of allograft and growth factors, connective tissue graft (CTG), platelet rich fibrin (PRF) and immediate and conventional loading. These were grouped as the '10 keys', a checklist used to pursue long term success. After 6-year and 1-year follow-up, radiographic and clinical results were satisfactory.

Incidental finding of a horizontal root fracture when considering a tooth for root canal treatment

A 44-year-old female patient was referred to the restorative department at Manchester University Dental Hospital for root canal treatment of the maxillary right lateral incisor, which appeared to have a sclerosed root canal. The tooth had a history of trauma when the patient was 6 years old. A cone beam computed tomography scan of the tooth revealed an incidental finding of a transverse root fracture that was otherwise not visible on the peri-apical radiograph. This highlights the diagnostic challenge of peri-apical radiographs and emphasizes the value of three-dimensional imaging in endodontics. It also highlights the importance of timely referral and management of traumatic dental injuries to reduce the risk of complications in the future. CPD/Clinical Relevance: This case report emphasizes the value of three-dimensional imaging in diagnosis.

Long-Term Outcome of Horizontal Root Fractures in Permanent Teeth: A Retrospective Cohort Study

IntroductionHorizontal root fracture (HRF) is a complex traumatic dental injury that affects the pulp, dentin, cementum, and periodontal ligament. This retrospective cohort study evaluated treatment outcomes in permanent teeth with HRF. MethodsWe analyzed clinical and radiographic data from a dental trauma center (2006–2022). Permanent teeth with HRF with a follow up of ≥12 weeks were considered for outcome assessment (defined as clinical normalcy and radiographic healing at the fracture line). Prognostic factors were identified through multivariable logistic regression analyses (P value ≤ .05). Results125 teeth from 103 patients were included. After a median follow-up of 79 weeks, the overall favorable outcome was 92%. This includes teeth that received emergency splinting/repositioning at baseline (62.2%) and those that received subsequent endodontic intervention for the coronal fragment (baseline: 85%; subsequent follow-ups: 91.8%). Being male and incomplete root development were both significantly associated with a better outcome of splinting/repositioning (OR = 2.58; 95% CI, 1.06-6.24 and OR = 4.37; 95% CI, 1.16-16.41, respectively) and a reduced likelihood of requiring endodontic treatment (OR = 0.44; 95% CI, 0.20-0.96 and OR = 0.24; 95% CI, 0.08-0.76, respectively). Treatment delays surpassing one week were significantly associated with an increased likelihood of requiring endodontic treatment compared to timely presentations within 24 hours (OR = 3.06; 95% CI, 1.07-8.77; P value < .05). ConclusionWith timely diagnosis and treatment, and close monitoring, HRF cases can achieve a 92% favorable outcome. Male sex and incomplete root development correlate with improved baseline outcomes and a reduced need for endodontic treatment. Conversely, delayed presentation increases the likelihood of requiring endodontic intervention.

Dissimilarity in root traits and spatial distribution promotes the productivity of Piper nigrum L. and tree species in mixture systems

Background and aimsClarifying why species mixtures produce greater biomass compared to monocultures is important for understanding the effect of biodiversity in natural and agricultural systems. At present, it remains unclear whether differential root traits and spatial distribution between the liana and tree species can promote productivity of mixtures. MethodsA 4-month glasshouse experiment and a 3-year field trial were conducted to examine the influence of root traits and the vertical and horizontal root distribution on productivity of independently supported liana Piper nigrum (Pn) and five other species. In the glasshouse experiment, Pn was grown in monoculture or mixed with one of five species: Coffea arabica, Areca catechu, Artocarpus heterophyllus, Camellia oleifera, and Coffea canephora. In the field trial, the Pn/Ac system and each monoculture were tested. ResultsCompared with monoculture, all Pn and mixture systems showed a positive net effect and a high complementarity effect on shoot biomass. The variation in complementarity effect was mainly associated with dissimilarity in the multidimensional root space trait and a few specific individual traits (root phosphatase activity and mycorrhizal colonization) between Pn and the neighbors. In the field, Pn in the mixture increased proportion of root length in the 20–40 cm soil layer and allocated less root length in the space shared between Pn and Ac, thus achieving spatial separation of roots and promoting the final yield. ConclusionThese findings suggest that the dissimilarity in root traits and spatial distribution may be an important mechanism for promoting the productivity of mixtures of liana and tree species.

Combination of metal artifact reduction and sharpening filter application for horizontal root fracture diagnosis in teeth adjacent to a zirconia implant.

This study examined the influence of metal artifact reduction (MAR), the application of sharpening filters, and their combination on the diagnosis of horizontal root fracture (HRF) in teeth adjacent to a zirconia implant on cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) examinations. Nineteen single-rooted teeth (9 with HRF and 10 without) were individually positioned in the right central incisor socket of a dry human maxilla. A zirconia implant was placed adjacent to each tooth. Imaging was performed using an OP300 Maxio CBCT (Instrumentarium, Tuusula, Finland) unit with the following settings: a current of 8 mA, both MAR modes (enabled and disabled), a 5×5 cm field of view, a voxel size of 0.085 mm, and a peak kilovoltage of 90 kVp. Four oral and maxillofacial radiologists independently evaluated the CBCT scans under both MAR conditions and across 3 levels of sharpening filter application (none, Sharpen 1×, and Sharpen 2×). Diagnostic metrics were calculated and compared using 2-way analysis of variance (α=5%). The weighted kappa test was used to assess intra- and inter-examiner reliability in the diagnosis of HRF. MAR tool activation, sharpening filter use, and their combination did not significantly impact the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, sensitivity, or specificity of HRF diagnosis (P>0.05). Intra- and inter-examiner agreement ranged from fair to substantial. The diagnosis of HRF in a tooth adjacent to a zirconia implant is not affected by the activation of MAR, the application of a sharpening filter, or the combination of these tools.

Effect of diode laser and ultrasonic activation on post-obturation push-out bond strength of non-eugenol based sealers: An in vitro study

Aim: The study aimed to assess the postobturation push-out bond strength of noneugenol-based sealers among different activation groups. Methods: One hundred sixteen single-rooted extracted mandibular premolar teeth were obtained. They were split into six groups-Group I: conventional cleaning and shaping (CCS) and sealing with AH Plus; Group II: CCS with MTA Fillapex; Group III: diode laser group with AH Plus; Group IV: diode laser group with MTA Fillapex; Group V: ultrasonic activation group with AH Plus; and Group VI: ultrasonic activation group with MTA Fillapex. Coronal and apical horizontal root sections were obtained from each sample and subjected to push-out bond strength. An independent t-test was done to compare the two groups of sealers. Results: A comparison of the irrigation activation in each sealer group was made using one-way analysis of variance and post hoc Tukey test. A comparison of the coronal and apical groups was made by paired t-test. Both the sealers exhibited higher push-out bond strength values after ultrasonic irrigation in the apical section. Higher values were obtained when AH Plus sealer was used. Push-out bond strength tests between MTA Fillapex and AH Plus with various irrigation activation regimes revealed that AH Plus had a stronger bond to the root dentin when combined with ultrasonic activation in the apical third of the root dentin. Conclusion: The study concluded that the higher values of push-out bond strength were noted in the AH Plus sealer group in the ultrasonic activation group in the apical root dentin section.

Interdisciplinary management of horizontal root fracture in middle third with osseous bone defect – A clinical report

Dental trauma are the main cause of emergencies in dental practice. Amongst these, root fractures are relatively uncommon but comprises about 0.5 to 7% of all injuries affecting permanent dentition. Most commonly, root fracture occurs from a horizontal impact mostly in oblique direction. The incidence is more common at the mid-third of the root rather at the apical and cervical thirds. Such hideous injury must be restored to normal as early as possible to retain the dental health and appearance. This report records the case of horizontal root fracture of upper anterior tooth, treated with Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA) and fractured root fragments were unified with the aid of a stainless steel reamer after an endodontic treatment. Alloplastic bone graft and GTR membrane were used for osseous bone defect. Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) has several impending &amp; forthcomin clinical applications owing to its grander sealing property and biocompatibility. A 12 months follow-up revealed a well stabilized assembly of the root fragments and periodontal healing.

Influence of an adjacent zirconium implant, tube current, and metal artifact reduction algorithm on horizontal root fracture diagnosis in cone beam computed tomography

We evaluated the influence of an adjacent zirconium implant, tube current (mA), and a metal artifact reduction algorithm (MARA) on horizontal root fracture (HRF) diagnosis in cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Nineteen teeth (9 with HRF, 10 without) were individually placed in a human maxilla. Scan volumes were acquired without and with a zirconium implant adjacent to the tooth at settings of 4, 8, and 10 mA, with MARA disabled and enabled, using a 5×5 cm field of view, 0.085-mm voxel size, and 90 kV. Four maxillofacial radiologists individually assessed the scans. Diagnostic metrics were compared by multiway analysis of variance (α=5%). Inter- and intraexaminer agreements for HRF diagnosis were evaluated with the weighted kappa test. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), sensitivity, and specificity were significantly lower in the presence of the implant (P≤.005). AUC values were higher in scans obtained with 8 and 10 mA compared with 4 mA (P=0.010), but 10 mA without MARA was better with the implant present. MARA did not significantly influence outcomes (P≥0.240). Inter- and intraexaminer agreements ranged from moderate to almost perfect. The presence of the zirconium implant impairs HRF detection. Settings of 8 or 10 mA improve HRF detection regardless MARA condition without the implant. With an adjacent implant, 10 mA without MARA is recommended to improve diagnostic performance.

Aplikasi Asam Giberelin dan Peletakan Akar Terhadap Produksi Benih Padi (Oryza sativa L.) Varietas Situ Bagendit

Rice is one of the main food sources for the people of Indonesia, therefore it is necessary to increase rice production to meet these needs. The purpose of this study was to determine the interaction of Gibberellin application and horizontal root placement on rice seed production. This research was conducted in Triwungan Village, Kota Anyar Subdistrict, Probolinggo Regency from August to November 2022. The implementation of the research used a Randomized Group Design (RGD) which was repeated 4 times. The first factor is GA3 concentration which consists of 4 levels, namely G0 (0 ppm), G1 (200 ppm), G2 (250 ppm), G3 (300 ppm). The second factor is the placement of root position consisting of A1 (vertical placement), A2 (horizontal placement). Observational data were analyzed using ANOVA, if there was a significant difference between treatments, it was continued with LSD further test at 1% level. The results showed that horizontal root laying showed a result of 2.35 in the number of tillers 4 weeks after planting. Gibberellin concentration of 250 ppm with the results of 20.625 cm on the parameters of panicle length, 70.04 grains on the number of grains per panicle, 57.21 grains on the number of grains per panicle, 25.99 grams on the weight of 1000

First-in-Human Multicenter Experience of the Newest Generation Supra-Annular Self-Expanding Evolut FX TAVR System

BackgroundThe latest-generation Evolut FX TAVR system (Medtronic) offers several potential design improvements over its predecessors, but early reported experience has been limited. ObjectivesThis study sought to report our multicenter, limited market release, first-in-human experience of transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) with the Evolut FX system and compare it with a single-center PRO+ (Medtronic) experience. MethodsFrom June 27 to September 16, 2022, 226 consecutive patients from 9 US centers underwent transfemoral TAVR with the Evolut FX system for native aortic stenosis (89.4%) or prosthetic valve degeneration (10.6%). Commissural alignment was defined as 0° to 30° between native and FX commissures. Patient, anatomical, and procedural characteristics were retrospectively reviewed, and 30-day clinical and echocardiographic outcomes per Valve Academic Research Consortium-3 definitions were reported. ResultsOf 226 patients, 34.1% were low risk, 4% had a bicuspid valve, and 11.5% had a horizontal root (≥60°). Direct Inline sheath (Medtronic) was used in 67.6% and Lunderquist stiff wire (Cook Medical) in 35.4% of cases. Optimal hat marker orientation during deployment was achieved in 98.4%, with commissural alignment in 96.5%. At 30 days, 14.3% mild, 0.9% moderate, and no severe paravalvular leak were observed. Compared with the Evolut PRO+ experience from 1 center, FX had a more symmetrical implantation with shallower depth at the left coronary cusp (P < 0.001), fewer device recaptures (26.1% vs 39.5%; P = 0.004), and improved commissural alignment (96.5% vs 80.2%; P < 0.001). ConclusionsThe Evolut FX system demonstrated favorable 30-day outcomes with a significant improvement over PRO+ in achieving commissural alignment, fewer device recaptures, and more symmetrical implantation. These features may benefit younger patients undergoing TAVR with the supra-annular, self-expanding valve, where lifetime management would be important.

Field traffic-induced soil compaction under moderate machine-field conditions affects soil properties and maize yield on sandy loam soil.

Soil compaction due to field trafficking involves a complex interplay of machine-soil properties. In contrast to previous studies simulating worst field scenarios, this two-year field experiment investigated the effects of traffic-induced compaction involving moderate machine operational specifications (axle load, 3.16 Mg; mean ground contact pressure, 77.5 kPa) and lower field moisture contents (< field capacity) at the time of trafficking on soil physical properties, spatial root distribution, and corresponding maize growth and grain yield in sandy loam soil. Two compaction levels, i.e. two (C2) and six (C6) vehicle passes, were compared with a control (C0). Two maize (Zea mays L.) cultivars, i.e. ZD-958 and XY-335, were used. Results showed topsoil (< 30cm) compaction with increases in bulk density (BD) and penetration resistance (PR) up to 16.42% and 127.76%, respectively, in the 10-20cm soil layer in 2017. Field trafficking resulted in a shallower and stronger hardpan. An increased number of traffic passes (C6) aggravated the effects, and the carryover effect was found. Higher BD and PR impaired root proliferation in deeper layers of topsoil (10-30cm) and promoted shallow horizontal root distribution. However, XY-335, compared with ZD-958, showed deeper root distribution under compaction. Compaction-induced reductions in root biomass and length densities were respectively up to 41% and 36% in 10-20cm and 58% and 42% in the 20-30cm soil layer. Consequent yield penalties (7.6%-15.5%) underscore the detriments of compaction, even only in topsoil. In crux, despite their low magnitude, the negative impacts of field trafficking under moderate machine-field conditions after just two years of annual trafficking foreground the challenge of soil compaction.