Horizontal Lift Research Articles

Facial emotion classification based on the modified VGG and MobileNet

Emotion classification is an essential area of face recognition, which is widely applied recently, especially in information security. This study focus on model performance to explore a more efficient one that can produce a more precise prediction. In this paper, this study implement two distinct models, which are modified to classify emotions. The adaption models are added by one convolutional layer, one flatten layer, followed by activation layer and loss function layer. In order to estimate and compare them more straightforwardly, the metrics such as precision, loss, accuracy, recall and auc are introduced. Also, data augmentation to enlarge data sample size is achieved by rotation, width and length shift as well as horizontal lift. In the end, VGG16 shows a better performance with 0.9238 accuracy and 0.7780 loss in training, whereas MobileNet is slightly less outstanding with 0.9009 accuracy and 1.0280 loss in training. This study deal with choices of specific emotion classification models and attain a conclusion that VGG16 performs better in the given dataset.

The Spiral Lift: A Novel Twist on Body Contouring

Abstract Goals/Purpose Thigh lifts historically have been performed using a vertical excision to correct the horizontal laxity.1However, this leaves an unsightly scar when wearing shorts or a bikini bottom. More recently the horizontal scar saving thighplasty has been described, but this only addresses a limited medial portion of the thigh laxity.2While plastic surgeons perform abdominoplasty concurrently with medial thigh lifts,3 there is no described technique of this type of spiral lift in the literature. The spiral lift does not use liposuction of the medial thighplasty portion of the procedure as is used in many of the published techniques.4 Moreover, compared to other described horizontal thigh lift techniques, which use a much smaller horizontal incision,5 the spiral lift extends this incision in the groin crease and into the inferior gluteal crease, resulting in a longer but very well hidden incision. This provides maximal lift of the entire thigh while avoiding a vertical scar. Our goal was to develop a technique to lift the medial and lateral aspect of the leg and the buttock skin while also minimizing visible scarring. Methods/Technique The lower abdominoplasty/belt lipectomy incision is designed in the pre-operative area such that the post-operative incision will be hidden in a pair of underwear of choice. The thighplasty incisions are designed in the groin crease, continuing into the lower abdominoplasty incision, and extend posteromedially around into the inferior gluteal crease. A pinch test is used to determine the appropriate amount of tissue that can be excised. The patient is intubated on the stretcher, then flipped into the prone position on an OR bed. Excision is performed to the level of the thoracolumbar fascia on the back and Scarpa’s fascia for the thighs to avoid the posterior cutaneous nerve. Two drains are left in the back. Following closure, the patient is flipped supine onto a second OR bed. A standard abdominoplasty is then performed in continuation with the back incision to complete the belt lipectomy. The anterior medial thigh excision is again performed at the level of Scarpa’s fascia, staying superficial in the region of the femoral vessels and lymphatics. Two drains are placed anterior in the abdomen. Results/Complications A total of 12 pts have undergone a full belt lipectomy with the spiral lift thighplasty since it first was performed in July 2019. This technique has shown good cosmetic results (Figures 1&2), providing a circumferential vertical lift of the buttock and entire thigh while also addressing the abdomen and back. We have had good success in both men and women. This procedure is especially beneficial for massive weight loss patients, but we have also done the spiral thigh lift with abdominoplasties not requiring circumferential body lift. Five patients also underwent additional concurrent procedures involving the breast (mastopexy, augmentation, etc). Some patients had same day surgery (7), while five were observed overnight. The patients do tend to get some mild swelling of the mons. Scrotal swelling can be minimized with scrotal elevation and compression. Three patients had dehiscence of the thigh wounds, two of which were minor and were managed with dressing changes. One was caused by a fall at home and required return to the operating room for repair, but also had subsequent dehiscence requiring dressing changes. This was one of two patients that were re-admitted following the procedure, the other being a patient admitted for UTI sepsis 10 days after surgery. Forty-two percent of patients have had minor revisions following the procedure, 80% of which are performed concurrently with another primary surgery (eg. brachioplasty, cervicoplasty). One patient experienced transient lymphedema of the bilateral thighs. We have experienced no major infections. Some patients have experienced descent of the anterior medial thigh incision, visible in bikini bottoms. Conclusion The spiral lift is a technique that can successfully achieve a full body lift and address the thigh laxity circumferentially while completely hiding the scars in the underwear lines or natural skin creases.

A Short Note on a Mus-Cheeger-Gromoll Type Metric

In this paper, we first show that the complete lift $U^{c}$ to $TM$ of a vector field $U$ on $M$ is an infinitesimal fiber-preserving conformal transformation if and only if $U$ is an infinitesimal homothetic transformation of $(M,g)$. Here, $(M, g)$ is a Riemannian manifold and $TM$ is its tangent bundle with a Mus-Cheeger-Gromoll type metric $\tilde{g}$. Secondly, we search for some conditions under which $\left(\overset{h}{\nabla},\tilde{g}\right)$ is a Codazzi pair on $TM$ when $(\nabla, g)$ is a Codazzi pair on $M$ where $\overset{h}{\nabla}$ is the horizontal lift of a linear connection $\nabla$ on $M$. We finally discuss the need for further research.

Moduli Space of Factorized Ramified Connections and Generalized Isomonodromic Deformation

We introduce the notion of factorized ramified structure on a generic ramified irregular singular connection on a smooth projective curve. By using the deformation theory of connections with factorized ramified structure, we construct a canonical 2-form on the moduli space of ramified connections. Since the factorized ramified structure provides a duality on the tangent space of the moduli space, the 2-form becomes nondegenerate. We prove that the 2-form on the moduli space of ramified connections is d -closed via constructing an unfolding of the moduli space. Based on the Stokes data, we introduce the notion of local generalized isomonodromic deformation for generic unramified irregular singular connections on a unit disk. Applying the Jimbo-Miwa-Ueno theory to generic unramified connections, the local generalized isomonodromic deformationis equivalent to the extendability of the family of connections to an integrable connection. We give the same statement for ramified connections. Based on this principle of Jimbo-Miwa-Ueno theory, we construct a global generalized isomonodromic deformation on the moduli space of generic ramified connections by constructing a horizontal lift of a universal family of connections. As a consequence of the global generalized isomonodromic deformation, we can lift the relative symplectic form on the moduli space to a total closed form, which is called a generalized isomonodromic 2-form.

Validation of Non-surgical Facial Lifting with PDO Thread using a 3D system

Aim and objectivesFacial suspension threads have been used in the last decades for the reposition of facial soft tissue. Nonetheless, it remains unclear which technique and/or material has the greatest lifting effect for the middle and lower face. To evaluate non-surgical thread lifts we used a novel “1 Point, 2 Targets, 12 Threads” Vectors technique, verified by 3D imaging of horizontal skin displacement, volume changes at the nasolabial sulcus, jawline, and repositioning of fat compartments in the middle third and lower face. Material and methodsThirty-six Caucasian patients (35 females and 1 male), with a mean age of 42 ± 4 years and a mean body mass index of 22.72 ± 0.72 kg/m2, were analyzed. Polydioxanone bidirectional cog-barbed facial threads were introduced using a 21-gauge, 90-mm cannula, and the “1 Point, 2 Targets, 12 Threads” Vectors technique aimed towards the nasolabial fold and the jawline. Vectra H2 software was used to calculate horizontal lift skin displacement changes, volume reduction in the nasolabial fold and jawline and volume reposition of the middle third. ResultsMean horizontal skin displacement (left side, 2.75 ± 1.17 mm vs right side, 2.84 ± 1.40 mm) was 2.80 ± 1.06 mm, with no statistical significance (p = 0.8349). The mean volume change of the nasolabial fold was −0.09 ± 0.47 cc (left, −0.02 ± 0.45 cc vs right, −0.16 ± 0.58 cc), with no statistically significant difference (p = 0.1991). The mean volume change of jawline was −0.36 ± 0.43 cc (left, −0.36 ± 0.43 cc vs right, −0.37 ± 0.54 cc) with no statistically significant difference (p = 0.4561). Mean volume repositioning of the middle superficial fat compartments was 1.34 ± 0.79 cc (left 1.24 ± 0.84 vs right 1.43 ± 1.01 cc), with no statistically significant difference (p = 0.1897). ConclusionThis is the first study to generate evidence of an objective measurement of non-surgical anatomical lifting with threads. More clinical studies utilising digital soft tissue facial anthropometry will be essential in clinical practice to verify this non-surgical lifting treatment.

Multiplicative vector fields on bundle gerbes

Infinitesimal symmetries of S1-bundle gerbes are modelled by multiplicative vector fields on Lie groupoids. It is shown that a connective structure on a bundle gerbe gives rise to a natural horizontal lift of multiplicative vector fields to the bundle gerbe, and that the 3-curvature presents the obstruction to the horizontal lift being a morphism of Lie 2-algebras. Connection-preserving multiplicative vector fields on a bundle gerbe with connective structure are shown to inherit a natural Lie 2-algebra structure; moreover, this Lie 2-algebra is canonically quasi-isomorphic to the Poisson-Lie 2-algebra of the 2-plectic base manifold (M,χ), where χ is the 3-curvature of the connective structure. As an application of this result, we give analogues of a formula of Kostant in the 2-plectic and quasi-Hamiltonian contexts.

Geometry and control of thermodynamic systems described by generalized exponential families

In this paper we investigate the geometric structure and control of exponential families depending on additional parameters, called external parameters. These generalized exponential families emerge naturally when one applies the maximum entropy formalism to derive the equilibrium statistical mechanics framework. We study the associated statistical model, compute the Fisher metric and introduce a natural fibration of the parameter space over the external parameter space. The Fisher Riemannian metric allows to endow this fibration with an Ehresmann connection and to study the geometry and control of these statistical models. As an example, we show that horizontal lift of paths in the external parameter space corresponds to an isentropic evolution of the system. We apply the theory to the example of an ideal gas and an ideal gas in a rotating rigid container.

Alternative Equations for Horizontal Lifts of the Metallic Structures from Manifold onto Tangent Bundle

We explore “the horizontal lift” of the structure J satisfying J2 − αJ − βI = 0 and establish that it as a kind of metallic structure. An analysis of Nijenhuis tensor of metallic structure JH is presented, and a new tensor field of (1,1)‐type is introduced and demonstrated to be metallic structure. Some results on the Nijenhuis tensor and the Lie derivative of in TM are proved and explicit examples are given. Moreover, the metallic structure endowed with projection operators and in TM is studied.

Horizontal lifts of projectable linear connection to semi-tangent bundle

The main aim of this article is to study the horizontal lifts of projectable linear connection in the semi-tangent bundle tM. The properties of complete and horizontal lifts of projectable linear connection for semi-tangent bundle tM are also investigated. Finally, we examine the infinitesimal linear transformation in the semi-tangent bundle with respect to the horizontal lift of a projectable linear connection.

Study Investigates Highly Deviated Shroud-Type Downhole Separators

This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper SPE 201127, “An Experimental Investigation of Highly Deviated Shroud-Type Downhole Separators,” by Jorge Lopez, Eduardo Pereyra, SPE, and Cem Sarica, SPE, The University of Tulsa, prepared for the 2020 SPE Virtual Artificial Lift Conference and Exhibition—Americas, 10–12 November. The paper has not been peer reviewed. An experimental study of a shroud-type downhole separator for a pumped horizontal or deviated well is presented in this study. The separator is located at high deviation angles (i.e., 45° to 80° from vertical). The effects of the upstream gas and liquid flow rates are evaluated in the performance of the downhole separator. The findings complement previous studies on shroud-type downhole separators and demonstrate the operational capability of downhole separators under a range of conditions. Introduction Even though free gas and gas interference at the pump intake is a well-known problem, a limited understanding exists of the mechanisms that result in free gas in the pump. The lack of knowledge may lead to installation of ineffective downhole separator pump assemblies that, in some cases, may be detrimental to pumping-system performance. Among downhole-separator types, gravity-driven separators take advantage of the density difference between the gas and liquid to achieve separation. The shroud-type separator is an uncomplicated yet robust design and the most well-known and applied in the field. Current horizontal wells present challenging operational problems to down-hole separators and artificial-lift systems. The correct design of the downhole separator must consider proper handling of new challenges. A limited number of studies exist on the current challenges of downhole separators. A few of these studies considered the flow upstream of the separator as a variable, a limited amount studied deviated cases, and none focused on high deviation angles. Experimental Setup The complete paper details the experimental facility and instrumentation. The Tulsa University Horizontal Wells Artificial Lift Projects’ low-pressure outdoor downhole separator facility was used in this study. Four gas and eight liquid flow rates were used in the experimental matrix. The deviations tested were from 45° to 80°. Some of the tests at higher liquid flow rates were not completed because, as the deviation increases, the higher liquid flow rate causes the casing to overflow, making completion of these experiments impossible. The considered gas and liquid flow rates allow the analysis of gas/liquid ratios varying from 5 to 1,800 scf/bbl. Experimental Results The authors found that separation efficiency depends strongly on the liquid flow rate and deviation angle. At 45° and 60°, the separator seemed to perform efficiently for all tested conditions. At higher liquid flow rates, the separation efficiency showed a slight decrease, but, because of facility limitations, not enough evidence existed to confirm the tendency. Therefore, an additional two tests at 45° were performed to validate this trend. The tested conditions were 1,360 B/D with 7 Mscf/D and 11.28 Mscf/D. The two additional tests at 45° confirmed that efficiency decreases as liquid production increases. The authors observed two regions of operations of the separator for vertical cases and different deviation angles (the highest deviation tested was 45°). For their conditions, the separator performed in a high-efficiency region (efficiency between 80 and 100%) for low liquid flow rates. As the liquid production increased, the separator efficiency decreased. The authors denote this area of operation as a disrupted-efficiency region. The authors did not observe the separator to fail at 45° despite testing the separator at higher liquid flow rates.

HORIZONTAL LIFT METRIC ON THE TANGENT BUNDLE OF A WEYL MANIFOLD

Let (M; [g]) be a Weyl manifold and TM its tangent bundle equipped with the horizontal lift of the base metric. The purpose of this paper is to study the tangent bundle TM endowed with a Weyl structure, and obtain the ide under which conditions such bundle is an Einstein-Weyl or a gradient Weyl-Ricci soliton.

Horizontal lift problems in a pull-back bundle of tensor bundles defined by projection of the cotangent bundles

Using projection (submersion) of the cotangent bundle T*M over a manifold M, we define a semi-tensor (pull-back) bundle tM of type (p,q). The purpose of this paper is to investigate horizontal lifts of vector fields in a special class of semi-tensor (pull-back) bundle tM of type (p,q).

Metallic structures on the tangent bundle of P-Sasakian manifolds

In this article, we introduce some metallic structures on the tangent bundle of a P-Sasakian manifold by complete lift, horizontal lift and vertical lift of a P-Sasakian structure $ ( phi, eta, xi ) $ on tangent bundle. Then we investigate the integrability and parallelity of these metallic structures.

Study on Track Frame Model of a Thai-Made Rice Combine Harvester

A rice combine harvester has an important role in Thai rice production and has been popular in Thai farmer. AlmostThai-made rice combine harvester is too heavy and large in size. Because the track frame of Thai-made rice combine harvesteris a main component that affects the harvester’s size and weight, the objectives of this research, therefore, were to investigateand improve the track frame strength using the finite element method (FEM). Similitude analysis was employed for determiningthe proper scale of experimental frame. The strength analysis using the loading test with experimental frame was used to verifythe accuracy of the FEM. Two field-work conditions of the harvester’s header were selected namely horizontal position andmaximum lift position. The FEM results showed that the maximum stresses of those conditions were 91.13 MPa and 91.69 MPa,respectively, while the maximum deflection 2.31 mm and 2.36 mm, respectively. The experimental results from the loading testsconfirmed that the strength analysis of track frame using FEM had a high accuracy and could be applied in practical use. Theimprovement of the track frame model could increase the strength about 40% and reduce mass about 18%.

Lévy processes on smooth manifolds with a connection

We define a Lévy process on a smooth manifold M with a connection as a projection of a solution of a Marcus stochastic differential equation on a holonomy bundle of M, driven by a holonomy-invariant Lévy process on a Euclidean space. On a Riemannian manifold, our definition (with Levi-Civita connection) generalizes the Eells-Elworthy-Malliavin construction of the Brownian motion and extends the class of isotropic Lévy process introduced in Applebaum and Estrade [3]. On a Lie group with a surjective exponential map, our definition (with left-invariant connection) coincides with the classical definition of a (left) Lévy process given in terms of its increments. Our main theorem characterizes the class of Lévy processes via their generators on M, generalizing the fact that the Laplace-Beltrami operator generates Brownian motion on a Riemannian manifold. Its proof requires a path-wise construction of the stochastic horizontal lift and anti-development of a discontinuous semimartingale, leading to a generalization of Pontier and Estrade [32] to smooth manifolds with non-unique geodesics between distinct points.

Metrics and Connections on the Bundle of Affinor Frames

In this paper the authors consider the bundle of affinor frames over a smooth manifold, define the Sasaki metric on this bundle, and investigate the Levi-Civita connection of Sasaki metric. Also the authors determine the horizontal lifts of symmetric linear connection from a manifold to the bundle of affinor frames and study the geodesic curves corresponding to the horizontal lift of the linear connection.

Toledo invariant of lattices in SU(2,1) via symmetric square

In this paper, we address the issue of the quaternionic Toledo invariant to study the character variety of two-dimensional complex hyperbolic uniform lattices into SU(n, 2), n ≥ 4. We construct four distinct representations to prove that the character variety contains at least seven distinct components. We also show the existence of holomorphic horizontal lift to various period domains of SU(n, 2).

Generalized quasi-statistical structures

Given a non-degenerate $(0,2)$-tensor field $h$ on a smooth manifold $M$, we consider a natural generalized complex and a generalized product structure on the generalized tangent bundle $TM\oplus T^*M$ of $M$ and we show that they are $\nabla$-integrable, for $\nabla$ an affine connection on $M$, if and only if $(M,h,\nabla)$ is a quasi-statistical manifold. We introduce the notion of generalized quasi-statistical structure and we prove that any quasi-statistical structure on $M$ induces generalized quasi-statistical structures on $TM\oplus T^*M$. In this context, dual connections are considered and some of their properties are established. The results are described in terms of Patterson-Walker and Sasaki metrics on $T^*M$, horizontal lift and Sasaki metrics on $TM$ and, when the connection $\nabla$ is flat, we define the prolongations of the quasi-statistical structures on the manifolds to their cotangent and tangent bundles via Generalized Geometry. Moreover, Norden and Para-Norden structures are defined on $T^*M$ and $TM$.

Experimental Study of Bond Strength between Existing Roof Slab and Concrete Support of Flat Roof Mounted Solar Arrays

Rooftop mounted solar array systems are connected to the existing concrete roof using casting concrete blocks over the existing concrete roof surface or by using precast concrete blocks. Since fixing the mounting system directly on the roof surface using a bolted connection is not advisable since it can affect roof strength, concrete blocks, either precast or cast in situ, are desirable to support the mounting system. To better understand the bonding mechanism at the interface between old and new concrete surfaces, overlaid specimens were fabricated to measure the various bond strengths. Three different bonding methods, which include cement slurry, casting over existing concrete, and epoxy, were used. The tests performed found that epoxy bonding provides better bond strength for new and existing concrete. To withstand wind loads, the foundation of the solar system should resist horizontal drag and vertical lift forces safely. Self-weight of supporting concrete blocks significantly reduces drag and lift forces coming over the solar system due to wind loads. The bonding strength between the existing concrete roof surface and array supporting concrete blocks also plays a vital role in resisting drag and lift forces. Since the weight of concrete blocks cannot exceed the design load for the roof, drag and lift forces can be resisted by increasing bond strength either by increasing the surface area of blocks (which would increase weight thus may defy purpose) or by using a superior bonding agent.

Task-Contingent Persistence is Related to Better Performance-Based Measures in Patients with Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain.

Purpose Pacing, avoidance, and overdoing are considered the three main behavioral strategies, also labeled activity patterns. Their relationship with functioning of patients with chronic pain is debated. The purpose of this study was to measure the influence of activity patterns on lifting tasks commonly used in daily life. Method We performed a monocentric observational study and included patients performing Functional Capacity Evaluation (FCE). Avoidance, pacing, and persistence were assessed with using the Patterns of Activity Measures–Pain (POAM-P). Maximal safe performance was measured for floor-to-waist, waist-to-overhead, horizontal lift, and carrying with dominant-hand tests according to the FCE guidelines. Descriptive statistics, associations of POAM-P subscales with various sociodemographic variables, and correlations are presented. Standard multiple linear regression models were applied to measure the associations between FCE tests and POAM-P subscales, adjusting for the following potential confounders: age, gender, body mass index (BMI), pain severity, trauma severity, localization of injury, and education. Results Persistence was significantly positively associated with performance on the 4 FCE tests: floor-to-waist (coefficient = 0.20; p=0.001), waist-to-overhead (coefficient = 0.13; p=0.004), horizontal lift (coefficient = 0.31; p ≤ 0.001), and dominant-handed lifting (coefficient = 0.19; p=0.001). Pacing was found to have a negative influence on the carrying dominant-hand test (coefficient = –0.14; p=0.034), and avoidance was not found to have an influence on the 4 FCE tests. Conclusion This study shows that task-persistence pattern is positively associated with physical performance in FCE, whereas pacing can have a negative influence on some tests.