Horizontal Complementarity Research Articles

Vertical and horizontal complementarities in platform ecosystems

ABSTRACT We develop a framework of vertical and horizontal complementarities in platform ecosystems. Complementarity is a key theoretical construct for scholars investigating digital platforms and ecosystems, often mentioned in the context of complements, components, modularity, interdependence, and synergies. We shortly review the literature on complementarities in general strategy literature and then conceptualise complementarities in platform ecosystems. We distinguish between ‘vertical complementarity’ which signifies how complements (e.g., apps) increase the value of a platform (e.g., Android) and ‘horizontal complementarity’ which relates to the value creating complementarities between complements on a platform (e.g., an email and a calendar app). This distinction helps to clarify the notion of complementarities in platform ecosystems and has implications for our understanding of network effects, interdependence, generativity, platform governance, and platform strategy.

Collaborative and effective scheduling of integrated energy systems with consideration of carbon restrictions

AbstractTo address the balancing challenge of real‐time power demand and supply in power systems caused by unpredictable output fluctuations of renewable energies, collaborative and effective scheduling of integrated energy systems is proposed with consideration for carbon restrictions. The model incorporates various energy resources, including cold, heat, electricity, and gas, and overcomes the barriers among different levels of heterogeneous energy grid systems. This makes it possible to coordinate the vertical complementarity of source‐grid‐load‐storage and the horizontal complementarity of multi‐energy while taking into account investment costs and carbon trading to achieve the economic operation of the system. This analysis shows that the proposed model can dissipate the excess of new energy generation from the grid. and achieve a balance between supply and demand, while effectively reducing the economic operation cost of the whole system.

Fast convergence of an inexact interior point method for horizontal complementarity problems

In Andreani et al. (Numer. Algorithms 57:457–485, 2011), an interior point method for the horizontal nonlinear complementarity problem was introduced. This method was based on inexact Newton directions and safeguarding projected gradient iterations. Global convergence, in the sense that every cluster point is stationary, was proved in Andreani et al. (Numer. Algorithms 57:457–485, 2011). In Andreani et al. (Eur. J. Oper. Res. 249:41–54, 2016), local fast convergence was proved for the underdetermined problem in the case that the Newtonian directions are computed exactly. In the present paper, it will be proved that the method introduced in Andreani et al. (Numer. Algorithms 57:457–485, 2011) enjoys fast (linear, superlinear, or quadratic) convergence in the case of truly inexact Newton computations. Some numerical experiments will illustrate the accuracy of the convergence theory.

Organizational aspects of the improvement of the effectiveness of the research and practical activities in otorhinolaryngology

The authors discuss the problems pertaining to the methods for the improvement of the effectiveness of the research and practical activities in otorhinolaryngology and public health care at large. Special attention is given to the elaboration and implementation of the flexible approaches to the management of on-going research activities and initiatives, the development of horizontal complementarity, and the capability of the scientific groups for self-organization with a view to efficacious achievement of the assigned goals. The model of the research work based on the cluster strategy is presented as exemplified by organization of these activities at the L.I. Sverzhevskiy Research Institute of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology, Moscow. The model makes possible the effective interaction of the institute with other research institutions and industrial enterprises, it promotes the large-scale implementation of the newly developed innovative products.

Universal Jurisdiction Meets Complementarity: An Approach towards a Desirable Future Codification of Horizontal Complementarity between the Member States of the International Criminal Court

This paper will propose a first draft provision concerning horizontal complementarity between the member states of the ICC. Firstly, the idea of subsidiary universal jurisdiction will be introduced. At its heart, the work will bring the concepts of vertical complementarity and subsidiary universal jurisdiction into relation to define a desirable future codification of horizontal complementarity. The author will focus on the following seven issues that have to be addressed during the drafting of such codification: The relationship between the actors; the legal qualification of horizontal complementarity; the underlying idea and ratio behind the concept; a positive or negative determination of complementarity; the definition of horizontal complementarity; the question who the final arbiter of a determination should be; the matter of compliance with decisions. It will be seen that Art 17 ICC Statute can serve as a useful basis of this codification but that the special relationships on the inter-state level will inevitably lead to some deviating requirements of this principle.