Hope Of Salvation Research Articles

A Deconstructionist Reading of The Waste Land

The Waste Land offers no hope for redemption or salvation. The poem's ending is ambiguous and inconclusive, and it is unclear whether the Fisher King, who is a symbol of fertility and renewal, is able to heal the wasteland. The meaning of the Waste Land is up to the individual reader to decide. The poem's deconstructionist elements allow it to be interpreted in many different ways, and each reader will come away with their own unique understanding of the poem.

The Transparent Eyes from Limbo in Hisaye Yamamoto’s Stories

ABSTRACT In her short-story collection Seventeen Syllables and Other Stories (1988), Japanese-American writer Hisaye Yamamoto (1921–2011) depicts the spiritual predicament of the Nisei, the children of Japanese immigrants, after World War II when they were incarcerated in camps. Because they were born in America, the Nisei are not Japanese like their parents, nor are they familiar with Japanese culture and tradition; however, they are not American either. Japanese Americans were not considered “proper” Americans because Japan attacked Pearl Harbor in December 1941. Yamamoto depicts the Nisei’s vulnerability through various motifs, the most overt of which is the imagery of perception. As the Nisei straddle the line between Japan and America and therefore lack a sense of cultural belonging, their seeing is free of national ideologies yet also unrooted. This analysis connects the Nisei’s vulnerability to Limbo in Dante’s Inferno, whose inhabitants are not condemned to eternal torture but remain trapped in indeterminacy without hope of salvation. The souls in Limbo signify the hazy status of the Nisei, who exist in the purgatory of identity.

MOTIVES OF NATURE AS A MEANS OF NOMINATION AND CHARACTERISTICS OF THE MOTHER OF GOD IN THE WORKS OF POLISH LITERATURE

In many works of fiction, the connection of the Mother of God with the natural world is pointed out, which is due to the influence of the mythological worldview on traditional religious ideas about the Virgin Mary. The article demonstrates how the indicated peculiarity reveals itself in the choice of the names of the Blessed Virgin, and studies the role of the nature motifs in creating Her image in Polish literature. Folk legends (The Queen of Heaven. Folk legends about the Mother of God edited by M. Gawalewicz and P. Stachiewicz), works of medieval religious literature (apocrypha of the 15th century The Przemyśl Meditation and the Marian hymns) and fiction created in different periods (poetry books Songs Sung to Oneself by K. Benisławska, Song of My Christ and Marian Hymns by R. Brandstaetter, poetry by M. Sęp Szarzyński, T. Lenartowicz, W. Gomulicki, C.K. Norwid, K.K. Baczyński) are analyzed in detail. The names related to the natural world are classified according to the standard of comparison: Saint Mary is compared with flowers and trees, celestial bodies, precious stones, and birds. The article explores how the choice of names reveals the author’s intention. Thus, flowers are designed to illustrate Her beauty, nobility, and purity, trees - majesty and power, birds - chastity and simplicity, the sun and the moon - uniqueness and inaccessibility, and the morning star - hope for salvation. It shows how the ancient and biblical symbolism is actualized in the names and how the original names give the image a national flavor. Based on the material, a conclusion is made about the continuity of the tradition of perceiving the Mother of God as part of the natural world.

The COVID-19 Crisis as a Practice of Patience and an Opportunity for Post-Traumatic Growth: A Narrative Review

Context: This study was carried out in order to provide a narrative review of the practice of patience and an opportunity for post traumatic growth in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19 crisis). COVID-19 is a type of disease-causing acute respiratory syndromes. The mental health of people has been negatively affected by COVID-19 due to increased complications and mortality, special living conditions, and mandatory quarantine. Reactions to this crisis depend on the person's emotional processing style; therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to cultural and social factors. Trauma is defined as an individual’s exposure to an event, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, resulting in serious injury or threat to the integrity of the self and others. Commonly, the person’s first response to a traumatic event involves fear and helplessness. A traumatic event cannot be merely viewed as a threat or loss, as it also creates opportunities for positive changes, known as post traumatic growth (PTG). In the present study, we aimed to discuss the concept of patience to facilitate PTG in the context of a viral disease. Evidence Acquisition: The type of study is a narrative literature review. The content under study was the content and opinions with the keywords Post-traumatic growth and patience. The sources used were the Holy Quran books in the field of Islamic sources. Scopus and Google Scholar databases were also used to search for articles with the keywords patience and PTG. In this regard, the views of Islamic philosophers, sages, and scientists were considered. Results: It was found that patience involves acceptance, positivity, responsibility and commitment, faith, hope, reliance, and trust. The development of patience involves emotional restraint (avoidance of complaining, expressing anger or inappropriate instinctual desires, and revenge), tolerance (having peace of mind, self-care, self-regulation, and openness), endurance (showing tenacity, perseverance, and firmness), and positive expectations (anticipating relief, hope of salvation, and reward or perfection). Conclusions: According to the findings of this study, it can be stated that in times of crisis, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, people need to practice patience at a higher level than before. The development of this model and its training by counselors and therapists can help people who have severe anxiety disorders and depression caused by bereavement crises and other crises.

Indulgence in Hollowness and Pursuit of Redemption: An In-depth Study of T. S. Eliot’s The Waste Land

T. S. Eliot’s iconic poem, ‘The Waste Land,’ must have its enduring relevance after a century of its publication. It has stood the test of time as a profound exploration of the desolate human condition and the relentless pursuit of redemption. In the context of contemporary society’s search for redemption amidst modern desolation, we hear the echo of T. S. Eliot. Eliot’s pivotal work continues to captivate the attention of its wide range of readers with its haunting depiction of a fragmented and disillusioned world that is in severe need of peace and salvation. This paper tries to shed light on the persistent relevance of ‘The Waste Land’ in a contemporary world marked by social fragmentation, ecological crises, spiritual drought, mental fatigue, and existential anxieties by exploring the themes of disillusionment, decay, and the desperate quest for redemption. This paper also seeks to venture into Eliot’s vast masterpiece to know how it remains an inducing mirror to reflect our own social and personal struggles, disillusionment, identity crisis, and desolation. Moreover, this study delves into the potential avenues of deliverance offered by Eliot’s ‘The Waste Land,’ such as the exploration of spirituality, the power of collective memory, and the necessity of cultural renewal. At the end of the poem, T. S. Eliot comes to the conclusion that he must start the process of self-purification from himself. He decides to follow the three principles of spiritual rebirth; Datta, Dayatvam, and Damyata in his own life with the hope of salvation in an ever-changing world.

Beyond Martyrdom: Rereading Invisible Man

For political and literary theorists working on race, Ralph Ellison’s Invisible Man is a canonical text. Most political theorists approach the novel through what this essay calls a “martyr reading,” though martyrdom is just one of several political strategies explored in the work. This essay highlights an alternative in Ellison’s repertoire. The “trickster reading” developed here better accounts for several key scenes in the novel and also shows the limits of martyrdom as a technique of democratic politics. While other democratic theorists have identified Ellison with redemptive or deliberative aims, the novel’s references to Homer’s Odyssey, with its own trickster-hero, license a trickster reading of Invisible Man. Tricksters do not take on suffering, loss, or sacrifice in the hope of redemption nor are they necessarily committed to the virtues of deliberation. Instead, they evade sacrifice by resorting routinely to irony, cunning, and refusal. This reading demonstrates the importance of these techniques to Ellison’s vision and to our politics today.

Comparison Analysis of Baptist and Lutheran Christian Teachings on Salvation Based on the Study of the Text of Mark 16:16

Baptist and Lutheran are Christian teachings that have developed to date. Mark 16:16 is one of the Bible verses that is often used to understand the fandango of salvation in Christianity. In this research, a comparison and analysis of Baptist and Lutheran Christian interpretations of this chapter are carried out, and how this influences their view of salvation. This research will discuss how Baptist and Lutheran Christian teachings integrate Mark 16:16 into their teachings about salvation by discussing Baptist Christian teachings of understanding salvation through sanctification and Lutheran teachings of understanding salvation through faith. This study also discusses how these teachings influence the views of each teaching about sin, repentance, and the hope of salvation. By using qualitative methods with objective analysis and legitimate sources, the implications of the differences between Baptist and Lutheran Christian teachings are identified for society. This study discusses the differences in these teachings that affect relations between religions and tolerance for differences. The purpose of this research is to help readers understand the differences between Baptist and Lutheran Christian teachings and how this affects their views of salvation. It is hoped that this research can help readers understand differences in teachings and promote understanding and tolerance among Christian theologies. Therefore, this research contributes to the development of Christian theology and inter-religious discussion

Americanizing the Scandinavian Super Underdog in Eighteen Film Remakes

Americanizing the Scandinavian Super Underdog in Eighteen Film Remakes

The Evocation of P. Eluard’s Poetry in F. Poulenc’s Little Cantata “Snowy Evening”

The relevance of the research topic. The topicality of the issues of the cantata “Snowy evening” is due to the terrible events of the full-scale war that is currently going on in Ukraine. Society painfully reacts to the cruel realities of today, and art helps humanity to overcome these problems.
 The purpose of the study. To reveal the peculiarities of the composer’s reading of Paul Eluard’s poetry in the cantata “Snowy evening” by Francis Poulenc, using a complex analysis of the musical work.
 The methodology. Methodological principles are based on historicism, genre-style, intonation-dramaturgical and interpretive types of analysis; in the article we have used the hermeneutic method, which makes it possible to understand the content features of the figurative interpretation of the work.
 The scientific novelty. Cantata “Snowy evening” by F. Poulenc is analyzed for the first time in Ukrainian musicology, as well as features of the evocation of P. Eluard’s poetry in it.
 The practical significance of this study lies in the expansion and deepening of theoretical knowledge about the choral work of Francis Poulenc.
 The results. The small cantata “Snowy evening” is a psychological portrait of a man whose life was cut short by a terrible war. The first part of the work talks about the hero’s disappointment in a cruel life; in the second part, the author condemns the moral beliefs of society to destruction and war; the third part is shown as the final destruction of the inner and surrounding world; and at the end, in the fourth part, death is presented to the listeners as the only hope for salvation. The allegorical nature inherent in Eluard’s poetry provided ample opportunities for subtle interpretation of the images and symbols depicted in the work. With the methods of musical expressiveness, harmony and rhythm, Poulenc vividly depicted the psychological state of man during the war.
 The compositional unity of the literary and musical layers of the cantata is determined by the logic of the evolution of the feelings and emotions of the lyrical hero. Poulenc uses a detailed approach to the verbal text, based on the music-text principle of formography. Music expands the content of poetry, brings it to a new figurative and meaningful level. The composer subordinates the music to the free metric of the poem. The original cantata style combines the stylistic principles of different eras. The composer uses the expressive means of ancient genres and the principles of modern choral writing.
 The search for new harmonic structures and combinations allowed Poulenc to expand the timbral colors of the choir. The author uses different types of texture in the cantata. This tool helps to reveal the author’s message about the inseparability of personal and civic sense of self, the inseparability of the fate of every citizen from the fate of the nation. Despite the numerical structure, the cantata has many common intonation connections that pass through all parts of the cycle and create a unity of plot and space.

The Rise and Fall of the Emerald Tigers: Ten Years of Research in Panna National Park

This is a very unusual book. It is a nature book that is actually about nature. Most nature books are about the author's soul, turbulent childhood, and tortured relationships—about his or her hope of redemption by leaving the ad agency for a hut in the woods, by looking at ponds, and by noting, more or less inaccurately, that eagles are free. But Chundawat has written instead about tigers.Scientifically, his book is a triumph. It is far and away the most complete account of tiger ecology and conservation to be found between two covers. But it deserves to be read much more widely than that unappetizing description suggests. For, better than anything else I know, it demonstrates the poetry of its many graphs, charts, and statistical analyses. This is not science for science's sake, or academic preferment's sake, but for the tigers’ sake, and for love's sake. It is an inquiry into the accessibility of otherness, framed as an inquiry into the accessibility of a particular striped, slinking, snarling, beleaguered otherness in a sweltering, malarious forest on the northern edge of the Vindhyan mountains, where the hills drop down to the Gangetic plain.Chundawat worked there from 1996, when there were no more than fifteen tigers in the reserve. He pioneered radio-collar and elephant-back tracking of tigers and a suite of conservation measures that took the needs of the human inhabitants sensitively into account. The results were spectacular: the tiger population rose to thirty-five in five years. And then it all went wrong. Politics, accountants, and human egos marched into the reserve, and the poachers were hot on their heels. By 2009 there were no tigers left. Chundawat tells us a lot about tigers: he tells us a lot about ourselves too, and it is not flattering.In 2014 it was estimated that there were around 2,200 tigers in the whole of India—close to the number shot each year when sport-hunting by pith-helmeted Englishmen was at its peak. There is not much slack in that system. If tigers are to survive—if anything, including humans, is to survive–Chundawat's uncomfortable lessons about the sort of creatures we are need to be part of a compulsory curriculum, alongside the exhilarating and intimate science so splendidly on display in this book.

Evocative Translation and Theology of the Hebrew לְרוּחַ הַיּוֹםin Genesis 3:8

This study has examined the Hebrew expression לְרוּחַ הַיּוֹם, "in the cool of the day" (NASB), to determine the correct translation, motif, and theology on the ground of the context. By the exegetical framework, the literary context and structure portray the discourse of the imminent judgment of God and the repercussion. The proposed translation because of the Spirit of the day adduces the motif of divine judgment with God appearing in theophany, the glory-Spirit presence. The particle לְ supports the causative motif (because) instead of the preposition in. The theophany, the voice of God, judicially provokes the first humans to appear sinful before God and receive divine remedy for their sin. In conclusion, the text foreshadows the eschatological hope of the coming Lord as Judge in the great day of judgment and hope for salvation.

Women's Role in Nyadran as Local Wisdom Preservation

Nyadran is an activity that is carried out in fishing communities with the themes of salvation in the sea and praying at ancestors’ tombs. Every year, the nyadran Bluru village community performs these rituals as an expression of gratitude and hope for salvation and blessings from God Almighty. The purpose of this study was to examine the significance of women’s roles in the preservation of nyadran traditions, which are recognized as a form of local wisdom in the city of Sidoarjo. Qualitative methods were used with a case study approach. 20 women participated, and the informants consisted of members of the Bluru village community, community leaders, organizers, and 20 female fisher families. Observations, interviews, focus group discussions, and document analysis were used to collect the data and triangulation was carried out. The findings revealed that women play an important role in the preservation of nyadran local wisdom by preparing objects of salvation in the sea, preparing special food for ritual nyadran practices such as grilled chicken, kupat lepet, and plantain, all of which have symbolic value, and encouraging sons and daughters, other family, and friends in carrying out the tradition.
 Keywords: women’s role, nyadran, local wisdom, preservation

The Evangelical Quadrilateral, I: Characterising the British Gospel Movement; and II: The Denominational Mosaic of the British Gospel Movement, by David Bebbington

A measure of the distinction achieved by David Bebbington in the field of modern British religious history is the article by Grayson Carter entitled ‘Evangelicalism’ in the fourth edition of the Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church, published in February 2022. It begins with Bebbington’s definition of the four essential characteristics of Evangelicalism, internationally as well as in national contexts, as set out in his deservedly influential Evangelicalism in Modern Britain (1989; rev. ante, cvii [1992], pp. 747–8), a book which is the first item listed in Carter’s bibliography. An appreciation of those characteristics, namely the fundamental authority of the Bible, the emphasis upon the cross of Christ as the hope of salvation, the pressing need for the conversion of individuals and nations, and the duty of activism (mainly in the form of preaching, teaching and organising) has inspired numerous, perhaps most, subsequent studies of the subject. Since, as Carter’s article concludes, ‘throughout the world as many as one-third of all Christians could be regarded as belonging to this important tradition’, Evangelicalism remains a factor of international significance, and, by his research into its origins and development from the eighteenth century to the present day, Bebbington has illuminated the history of a very wide range of human activity.

Comparison of Islamic and Adventist Christian Eschatology

This study aims to discuss the comparison of life after death (exchatology) in Islam and Adventist Christianity. The research method used in this research is qualitative with the process of collecting data through literature review. The results showed that the comparison of eschatology in Islam and Christianity has a very significant difference, this can be seen in the two holy books, namely the Koran and the Bible. Eschatology in Islam is also known as the end of time or the day of judgment. Therefore eschatology is a day that is feared by every Muslim, because eschatology is a day of vengeance, where all deeds in the world will be counted on that day. While eschatology in Adventist Christianity is a day full of hope that Christians always look forward to. They waited for Christ to come a second time to take His people to the place He had prepared. However, eschatology in Islam is also shrouded in hope for salvation where Muslim belief always boils down to how big the scales of good deeds are while in this world. Therefore, this article provides great wisdom for both religions, where as religious people hope for a good place after death must always be fostered by good deeds and invite rewards as provisions later in the Hereafter.

Perception of Disease in Late Middle Ages and Rhetoric of Verbal Interaction with It (Based on the Material of Middle High German Medical Incantations of the 15<sup>th</sup> Century)

This article examines methods of verbal interaction with disease in Middle High German medical incantations on the material of three charms of the 15th century aimed at healing fever, apoplexy and purulent disease. The analyzed texts are of special interest since they have never been discussed in such types of research before and have never been translated into Russian, whilst they may provide some useful material for typological studies within the German charm literature as well as within the Germanic and Indo-European traditions. In addition, they demonstrate a characteristic mixture of the old pagan and new Christian mentality, in which disease (and, therefore, the fear of death) is depicted as an element of the gloomy archaic Lower World (represented, however, by the Devil), and the hope of salvation (healing) is associated with miraculous power of Christianity (that is, monotheistic religion), represented by the names of Jesus Christ, Virgin Mary and the holy evangelical apostles. Thus, Christian authorities and relics occupy the place of the old pagan Upper World in this hybrid picture of the world, manifested in incantations. All the texts are printed in the original in the transcription by V. Holzmann (Holzmann V. “Ich beswer dich wurm und wyrmin…”: Formen und Typen altdeutscher Zaubersprüche und Segen. Bern, 2001, 322 S.) with our translation into Russian and necessary comments. In this article we speculate upon the specifics of the perception of disease in Medieval German charms as heterogeneous and hostile substance originated in the Lower World and propose our typology of Middle High German medical incantations, which is based on three main types of communicative strategies supplied with text examples. The conclusions arrived at may interest specialists in the German language history and literature as well as folkloristic, culture studies and medicine of the Middle Ages.

Imagined Histories

Imagined Histories

The Queerness of Touch: Mutual Recognition and Deep Intimacy in Moonlight

The Queerness of Touch: Mutual Recognition and Deep Intimacy in <i>Moonlight</i>

Psychological dimension of modern Ukrainian military diaries

Introduction. Invaluable from the point of view of personal military experience, comprehension of the phenomenon of war by the participants themselves is documentary literature, such as the texts of G. Kharchenko «Diary of an Artilleryman», R. Zinenko «Illovaysk Diary», V. Chernienko «Diary of a Military Doctor», etc., the last one was the most emotionally expressive. Relevance and purpose of the study. Undoubtedly, war literature, documentary, journalism are now being actively studied in scientific circles from the standpoint of chronicles of events, interest in the author’s personality, his reactions to events, in general, understanding the phenomenon of war between the «fraternal peoples». Our attention is drawn to the axiological and psychological aspects of the study of the documentary text about the war, hence the purpose: to identify the emotional component in such diaries, to classify emotions, emotional states of the author, characters and reader, to determine their correlation with the subjective psychotype of the author, as well as to describe the ways of representing emotionality in the text. Research methods. The study of emotions and emotional states, their allocation in the diaries was carried out on the basis of the content analysis of the text, the allocation of emotions and emotional states named by the author, the use of general scientific methods of analysis, synthesis, comparison, as well as the structural method to highlight the emergence of psychological states and emotions, their stages of formation, influence on the features of the narration in the diary etc. Conclusions. The genre of the diary allows illustrating self-reflection and specifically reflect personal emotions, the author to be as frank as possible with himself (in the studied test also through confession and sleep), and at the same time show an emotional slice of the social experience of war related to professional and civic duties. The analyzed diary shows that in the course of acquiring their own experience of war, the participant/witness experiences the entire emotional paradigm of both primary (anger, disgust, despair, fear, distress, guilt, interest, joy, love, surprise) and secondary emotions, and secondary emotions (emotions in the course of human socialization), named and unnamed, dominant explicated binary emotions (interest-excitement, disgust-aversion-rejection, alertness-expectation-interest), etc.Existential states reflected in the diary, firstly, reflect the emotional image of the author as fully as possible, demonstrate the highest degree of emotionality of the author’s «I»; and secondly, help reflect also the processes of auto-communication and overcoming the distance in communication with the reader, have a powerful influential potential through frankness, openness. The text highlights flashbacks and triggers, which are often a trigger or a certain stage in the experience of emotions and emotional states. In order to avoid psychological trauma, addiction to the psychological state of shock, the author sublimates in the diary, in particular, in the experiences of positive emotions of childhood, love for his father, beauty, admiration for a little girl and dreams of his own children, and therefore – hope for salvation, survival. The emotions and emotional states highlighted in the diary clearly demonstrate the motivation of the activities of servicemen and ordinary Ukrainians in the occupied territories in extreme conditions, as well as have an informational and psychological impact on mass communication in Ukrainian society.

ПРОИЗВЕДЕНИЯ БЭЙ ЦУНЯ КАК ПРОЯВЛЕНИЕ ФЕНОМЕНА КУЛЬТУРНОГО ХРИСТИАНСТВА В СОВРЕМЕННОМ КИТАЕ

The article is devoted to the phenomenon of cultural Christianity in modern China. This phenomenon suggests the desire to explain the norms and values of Christianity to the Chinese audience through the prism of the traditional foundations of Chinese culture. Examples of cultural Christianity include Chinese intelligentsia's fascination with the history and philosophy of Christianity; Chinese masters' creating Christian images and scenes of the Virgin Mary, the Nativity, etc. in the traditional Chinese guohua style; Chinese deltiology with pictures of famous temples in Harbin; the folklore heritage of Harbin residents, etc. Sharing the idea of the existence of cultural Christianity phenomenon, the authors analyze the works of the contemporary Chinese writer Bei Cun. After 1992, when he converted to Christianity, a key transformation took place in his work. Bei Cun strives to convey to the Chinese audience the Christian categories of sin, redemption, guilt, forgiveness, love, etc. The main theme of the novel I Have a Covenant with God comes down to the Christian concept that all people are born sinful and hope for redemption, and that confession of sin and repentance are the basis for forgiveness. According to the plot, the first chapters of the novel tell us that the main character, Chen Busen, has fallen into the abyss of sin. Being abandoned by his parents, he becomes a criminal and a murderer. In the final chapters, Chen Busen's soul finds redemption through comprehension, sincere repentance, and even love for the victim's relatives. Thus, by describing the contemporary realities of Chinese society in his works, Bei Cun introduces Christian ideas and values into the Chinese picture of the world and tries to bring Christianity and Chinese culture together.

Theodore Metochites mosaic at Chora and the relics of the True Cross

This article aims to analyze the ktetorial composition depicted above the west portal of the Chora church (Kariye Camii). Although many researchers provided a description of this composition, the representation of the church in the hands of Logothetes tou Genikou, Theodore Metochites, has not been specifically examined. No matter that the church is depicted with the majority of the architectural elements which correspond to the reality, it is interesting to notice that two large crosses are depicted laterally of the west portal. These crosses do not correspond to the elements of the brickwork of the west facade. Nevertheless, careful analysis of the marble portal between naos and narthex area contains quite particular detail: in the lower third of two jambs of the portal were inserted pectoral crosses (encolpia) which testified to the keeping of small particles of the True Cross relic, hope for salvation and inscribing of the ktetor in the circle of the protected by True Faith.