Hookah Smoking Research Articles

The prevalence of hookah smokers among children and adolescents aged 12 – 16 in Belarus

The prevalence of hookah smokers among children and adolescents aged 12 – 16 in Belarus

Colorectal cancer and associated genetic, lifestyle, cigarette, nargileh-hookah use and alcohol consumption risk factors: a comprehensive case-control study.

This study aimed to investigate the causes and risk factors of colorectal cancer (CRC) in a Turkish population, focusing on various modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors. A hospital-based case-control design was employed to compare individuals with CRC (cases) to individuals without CRC (controls). Male and female participants were recruited from the surgery, internal medicine, and out-patient departments. The study encompassed socio-demographic data, clinical information, radiological diagnoses, and biochemical measurements. Univariable and multivariable logistic regressions were used to determine associated risk factors of CRC. The study included 704 individuals with CRC and 704 controls. Significant socio-demographic disparities were observed between the groups, with over 30% of the cases having lower levels of education and income compared to the controls. Lifestyle factors such as obesity, higher rates of smoking (cigarettes and hookah) and alcohol consumption were more prevalent among cases than controls. Further significant associations were identified with intestinal inflammation, obesity, processed food consumption, and symptoms such as abdominal pain, cramps, diarrhea, constipation, blood in stool, bloating, irritable bowel syndrome, nausea/vomiting, anemia, stress, fatigue, weakness, and weight loss. Diet analysis revealed that individuals with CRC consumed more red meat, processed and fast foods along with less pulses and vegetables. Genetic predispositions and exposure to chemicals also correlated strongly with increased CRC risk. Multivariable regression analysis identified, nausea/vomiting, constipation, intestinal disease, genetics factor, hookah-nargileh use, history of any cancer, family history of bowel cancer, constipation, cigarette smoking, stress, milk-yogurt consumption, obesity and red meat consumption as significant determinants for CRC. CRC risk is influenced by dietary, lifestyle, and genetic factors. Awareness of hereditary risk and participation in screening are crucial. Lifestyle changes, such as avoiding smoking, hookah, and alcohol use, and adopting a healthy diet, are essential for prevention.

Effect of hookah smoking on vascular wall stiffness in young people according to volumetric sphygmography

Effect of hookah smoking on vascular wall stiffness in young people according to volumetric sphygmography

Associations Between Hookah Tobacco Smoking Knowledge and Behavior Among Southern Technical University Students in Basra, Iraq

The number of US college students using hookahs, including those who wouldn't normally use tobacco, is rising. The idea that hookah is safer than cigarettes is one factor contributing to its popularity. The study's objectives were to evaluate the degree of awareness about the negative exposures linked to hookah smoking as comparison to cigarette smoking and to identify any relationships between this knowledge and the consequences of hookah smoking. A random email sample of 400 Southern Technical University students was used to gather data on demographics, hookah smoking habits, and awareness of five exposures (such as nicotine and tar). Multivariable logistic regression models evaluated the independent relationships between knowledge and the results of hookah smoking. Out of the five questions about factual knowledge. Correct answers to any knowledge item in multivariable models did not correlate with a decreased likelihood of hookah smoking or susceptibility to smoking in the future. Despite the fact that most college students are not aware of the harmful exposures linked to hookah smoking, there is no correlation between awareness and hookah smoking behavior.

The effect of Hookah Smoking on Levels of Lipid Profiles and Some Heavy Metal Concentrations

The current study aimed to identify the effect of hookah smoking on the health of smokers of this type of smoking, as this phenomenon has spread widely in the recent period among all segments of society, especially among young men and women. Samples for the current study were collected from people who used this type of smoking from the month of December. 2023 until February 2024, with 95 samples⸲, where some physiological variables were measured, which included (blood pressure, lipid profile and heavy metals ) and it was compared with (30) blood samples collected from healthy people and non-smokers. As a control group. The results of the current study showed clear variations in the numbers, values, and concentrations of these variables studied under the current study. ⸲ Blood pressure among those who smoked this type of smoking increased by (52.63%). In terms of lipid profile, most of them showed an increase in their levels in the serum of these smokers, and also according to the type of flavor and the number of flavors. The highest increase in the level of total cholesterol and triglycerides in the serum of these smokers was (209.75) and (250.50), and in the mixed flavor, as for the number of flavors, it was Their highest levels were (241) and (290), respectively, when the number of traces was (more than 7) traces in the serum of hookah smokers. While the level of low-density lipoproteins showed its highest level of (119.95) in the serum of people smoking the mixed flavor in When it reached its highest level, it was (140) and in the serum of people who had a number of ages (more than 7) ⸲ while the level of very low-density lipoproteins showed its highest level, which was (51.70), in the serum of people who smoked the flavor of the mixture, while it reached its highest level. It is (62) and in the serum of people who have a number of ages (more than 7). While concentrations of lead and cadmium showed a bioaccumulation in the blood serum of these people who smoked hookah compared to the control group.provide insights into how effective each model is in identifying vulnerabilities.

Impact of smoking hookah and bidi on global DNA methylation: a community-based study from Haryana, North India

Smoking is a major contributor to the increased burden of chronic diseases worldwide. Smoking has been reported to be associated with several adverse epigenetic modifications like altered DNA methylation patterns. Despite adverse effects, smoking hookah and bidi is accepted as a cultural practice in several communities, viz., the Jats of Haryana. This study aims to explore the smoking-induced alterations in global DNA methylation in the Jat community, where smoking is a cultural practice. A total of 1075 participants, aged 30–75 years (69.8%, females), belonging to the Jat community from Palwal, Haryana, were recruited. Data on socio-demographic and lifestyle variables were collected through pre-tested interview schedules. The ELISA-based colorimetric technique was used for performing peripheral blood leucocyte global DNA methylation. The difference between median global DNA methylation (5mC%) levels of non-smokers (median 5mC% = 0.66) and smokers (median 5mC% = 0.62) was not found to be statistically significant (p value = 0.309). However, the median 5mC level among former smokers (median 5mC% = 0.41) was found to be significantly lower than smokers and non-smokers (p value < 0.01). The adjusted regression model revealed former smoker status to be significantly associated with global DNA hypomethylation. Further, no significant difference in global DNA methylation levels was found between heavy and light smokers. The study suggests that continuous exposure to tobacco smoke during the prenatal and later stages of life may be contributing to the new environmental adaptations resulting in no significant effect of smoking on epigenetic alterations. A unique DNA hypomethylation signature of former smokers may be due to smoking-related comorbidities.

Effect of Smoking Dry Cigarettes, Electronic Cigarettes, and Hookah on Vitamin D3 Levels and Blood Parameter in Samples of Youth from AL-Hawija City, Kirkuk governorate

The study aimed to demonstrate the role of smoking on vitamin D3 levels and blood parameters represented by a group of young men who smoke cigarettes, electronic cigarettes and hookah in the city of Hawija, Kirkuk Governorate. The experiment was distributed into four groups, aged between 25 and 30 years, with 25 samples for each group. The first group was non-smokers, the second group was cigarette smokers, the third group was electronic cigarette smokers and the fourth group was hookah smokers. Blood samples were taken in the Hawija laboratories, where the results of the study showedThe results of the study showed a significant decrease (P≤0.05) in vitamin D3 levels in the dry cigarettes, electronic cigarettes and hookah groups compared to the control group, while the packed cell volume (PCV), red blood cells (RBC) and hemoglobin (Hb) tests showed a significant increase (P≤0.05) in the dry cigarettes, electronic cigarettes and hookah groups compared to the control group, while the platelets and white blood cells (WBC) tests showed a significant increase (P≤0.05) in the dry cigarettes and electronic cigarettes groups compared to the non- smoking control group, while the values of platelets and white blood cells (WBC) did not show any statistically significant differences in the hookah smokers group.

Differences in Presenting Health Warning Labels on Hookah Venue Menus Between Immersive Virtual Reality and Online Surveys

Background Virtual reality (VR) platforms can simulate the real world, whereas online surveys are efficient settings for assessing and testing information. In this study, the effects of presenting health warning labels (HWLs) on hookah venue menus were compared between these two message-testing settings. Methods Separate studies were conducted in VR (n = 96) and online survey (n = 213) settings. Participants in both studies were randomly assigned to view menus with or without HWLs. This secondary data analysis compared outcomes between settings after propensity score weighting to account for differences in age, race, marital status, and education between studies. Results Significant between-study differences were noted for the effects of HWLs on people’s perceptions of the absolute harm of hookah smoking (p = 0.0363), the relative harm of hookah compared to cigarettes (p < 0.001), the absolute addictiveness of hookah (p < 0.001), and the relative addictiveness of hookah compared to cigarettes (p = 0.0352). When outcome variables differed significantly between the HWL and control conditions in only one of the two studies, smaller p-values were identified for the online survey setting than for the VR setting. Conclusions This study represents the first direct comparison of the effects of hookah HWLs between two message-testing settings. HWLs tested in the online survey setting were associated with larger shifts in attitudes and beliefs than those tested in the VR setting, suggesting that the effectiveness of hookah HWLs on attitudes and beliefs may be moderated by the message-testing platform. Additional real-world experiments remain necessary to determine whether either setting can accurately assess the effectiveness of HWLs.

Knowledge, attitude, and frequency of hookah smoking among medical students

Background Hookah or waterpipe smoking use is a developing trend in the many populations, especially among the young age group. Hookah users are exposed to many of the same toxic compounds or by-products as cigarette users with a higher level of harmful effects. Aim of the study To assess frequency, knowledge, attitude health behavior toward the risks and complication of cigarettes smoking and hookah in particular of Al-Kindy medical students. Materials and methods A cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2022 to April 2023 to assess frequency of Hookah smoking among 507 medical students at Al-Kindy Medical College. An online questionnaire by Google forms was used to collect the data. Results The total participants students were 507 who studied at Al-kindy College of Medicine in different stages. Males were constituted 63.1% and the rest were females (36.9%). Regarding smoking habit, 31.95% (162) of them were smoker and the rest 68.05% (345) were not smoker(p = 0.000). Most of them had mixed type of smoking (cigar, hookah, and vape) (14.19%). (0.000) that it had an effect on general health (46.1%), lung (68.8%), larynx (67.1%), heart, blood pressure, diabetes but not bladder, stomach, COVID-19 transmission. There is a significant increase (63.5%) (p = 0.000) regarding their attitude that hookah had a significant amount of tobacco, no benefit of fruity flavors (62.3%), and no relaxation effect (90.53%). Conclusions There is a significant decrease in smoking habits among medical students due to their knowledge of its negative effects on health.

Effect of dual tobacco smoking of hookah and cigarettes on semen parameters of infertile men.

The research regarding the effect of hookah smoking on health is still deficient, even though it has been proven to jeopardize human health by raising the hazard of different types of cancers, infections, and cardiovascular disease. We aimed to study the effect of dual tobacco smoking (hookah and cigarettes) on semen parameters of infertile men. In this cross-sectional study, we studied the effect of different types of smoking patterns on human semen parameters among men who visited IVF laboratories to do a seminal fluid analysis (SFA). A total number of 761 participants were included, divided into the following: 108 dual smokers, 219 hookah smokers, 222 cigarette smokers, and 212 non-smokers. To analyze the effect of dual smoking on normal morphology, an interaction term between the cigarette index and hookah index was used. Multivariable regression analysis after adjustment for age, BMI, education level, children, chronic diseases, varicocele, testicular surgery history, infertility duration, and cause revealed no significant difference in the sperm concentration and the percentage of progressive motility between non-smokers, cigarette smokers, or hookah smokers. However, there was a significant difference in the log of normal morphology percentage between the three groups. Cigarette and hookah smoking were significantly associated with having lower percentages of normal morphology. There was a significant difference in the log-normal morphology %, where light and heavy dual smokers had the least exponential beta of log-normal morphology %, 0.43 (95% CI: 0.33-0.55) and 0.36 (95% CI: 0.24-0.53), respectively. Dual tobacco smoking can adversely affect sperm morphology.

Spotlight on nurses' smoking prevalence and addiction in Istanbul, Türkiye, the leading country in the implementation of WHO MPOWER policies

ObjectiveTürkiye is the leading country that has been applying the MPOWER criteria of the World Health Organization for years. However, the prevalence of smoking among nurses appears to be high, according to the literature. Therefore, we aimed to determine the prevalence, addiction levels, and dynamics of tobacco smoking among nurses in Türkiye.MethodIn this descriptive cross-sectional study, a questionnaire (prepared in cooperation with the “World Health Organization”) and the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence were administered to 529 nurses working at a tertiary-care university hospital in 2020. Logistic regression was performed to determine factors predicting smoking.ResultsThe prevalence of smoking among nurses was 32.7% (n = 173). The mean Fagerström test score indicated a "low dependence" level (score: 3 ± 2.6). Both results were higher for males. A relationship was found between trying smoking cigarette and hookah. Of the “current smokers” group, 102 (60.4%) stated that they wanted to quit smoking. Only 21 (27.6%) of the nurses who have tried to quit smoking thus far have received professional help.ConclusionThe prevalence of smoking among nurses working at a tertiary-care university hospital was relatively low compared to that among nurses in Türkiye. While females are normally expected to smoke less, the high prevalence of smoking among nurses (most of them female) raises the question of the professional basis of this situation. However, the low rate of receiving professional help reveals the lack of promotion and accessibility of smoking cessation outpatient clinics in the faculty environment. Finally, the perception that hookah is an alternative tobacco product leads to cigarette smoking. The good news was that nurses had a low dependency rate.

The perceptions of harmfulness. Addictiveness and social acceptance of hookah smoking among adolescents in Turkey

ABSTRACT Background Hookah smoking among adolescents is a growing public health concern, potentially fueled by a lack of awareness regarding its health risks. This study aimed to determine the risk factors associated with hookah smoking and explore adolescents’ perceptions of its harmfulness, addictiveness and social acceptability. Methods Between October 2019 and April 2020, 400 adolescents aged 12 to 18 years participated in an interviewer-administered survey including socio-demographic characteristics, past medical history, lifestyle behaviors, tobacco use of adolescents and their immediate circle, knowledge on hookah’s health risks, perceptions of hookah’s addictiveness and social acceptability. Results Among adolescents 6.8% were regular hookah smokers, while 14.5% had tried hookah at least once. Adolescents who believed hookah was not addictive were more likely to perceive it as socially acceptable (p < 0.001). The perception of social acceptance increased by 1.68 times with each year of age, 2.05 times in the presence of a smoking teacher, and 10.14 times with having tried hookah once. Conclusions This study highlights that adolescents’ limited knowledge of hookah’s negative health effects and addictive nature contributes to its social acceptance. Moreover, in addition to family members and friends, teachers significantly impact adolescents’ hookah use and their perceptions of its harmfulness, social acceptability and addictiveness.

Identifying the Determinants of Hookah Smoking Among the Youth; A Mixed-Methods Study.

Hookahs have been rising in popularity in the United States (U.S.) especially among the youth yet not much research has been carried out to understand the various predictors of hookah use among youth. We have thus conducted a cross-sectional study with a mixed-methods triangulation design to identify the hookah use determinants at different levels of the Social Ecological Model among youth. Participants between the ages of 18-24 years were sampled purposively, between April to November 2023, following a snowballing technique from various communities in Virginia and California, United States. Data were collected via a survey, one-on-one interviews, and focus groups. The study had a total sample size of 20. We found that participants smoked for a median of 5 times in the past 30 days. The main determinants of hookah smoking included the limited knowledge of health effects and addiction, positive attitude, family and peer influence, use as a means to socially connect with others, culture, social acceptability, lack of education at school and work place, access to hookah bars and smoke shops, and lack of strict enforcement of laws to ban smoking of youth. Educational interventions should be implemented by public health authorities to target the youth, their social and communities to provide education on hookah harm and addictiveness and to restrict access to- and the production, distribution, marketing and sales of hookahs.

Prevalence and determinants of hookah smoking among emerging adults in South-South Nigeria

Prevalence and determinants of hookah smoking among emerging adults in South-South Nigeria

Assessing the Impact of Hookah Smoking on Oxidative Stress Markers in Young Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study

Assessing the Impact of Hookah Smoking on Oxidative Stress Markers in Young Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study

The Effect of Random Biopsy and Endo-Cervical Curettage in Diagnosis of Precancerous Cervical Lesions in Women With Normal Colposcopy.

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of random biopsy and endo-cervical curettage (ECC), alone and together, in the diagnosis of high-grade cervical lesions in women with normal colposcopy. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 356 women who underwent colposcopy examination in the gynecology-oncology clinic of Roointan-Arash Women's Hospital, affiliated with Tehran University of Medical Sciences. All eligible women underwent colposcopy. In colposcopy examination, up to four biopsy samples were randomly taken for each quartile of the cervix and ECC was performed. Finally, the rate of intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and the relation between random biopsy and ECC and CIN diagnosis was determined. In total, 27 (7.6%) low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL) and 19 (5.3%) high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) were detected in cases that underwent random biopsy. There was a significant association between the abnormal random biopsy results and having multiple sexual partners (p=0.001), cigarette (p=0.041), and hookah (p=0.033) smoking. Furthermore, 31 (8.7%) LSIL and 42 (11.8%) HSIL were reported in women who underwent ECC. There was a significant relation between the abnormal results of ECC and hookah consumption (p=0.008) and human papillomavirus (HPV) infection (p=0.011). The concordance (p=0.001) between random biopsy and ECC result was 71.2% and only in 28.8% of the cases one of the methods was normal and the other was abnormal. The present study showed that the simultaneous use of ECC and random biopsy in women with normal colposcopy increases the detection rate of precancerous lesions by up to 28.8%.

A qualitative exploration of experts’ views about multi-dimensional aspects of hookah smoking control in Iran

BackgroundThe related literature has primarily addressed cigarette smoking control. It seems that researchers have failed to explore the determinants of hookah smoking (HS) control. In an attempt to fill this gap, the present study explores experts’ views about aspects of HS control in Bandar Abbas, a city in the south of Iran.MethodsThe present qualitative study, conducted in 2022 and 2023, used a content analysis. To this aim, 30 experts in tobacco prevention and control were invited to participate in the research. Twenty seven accepted the invitation. In-depth, semi-structured, and face-to-face interviews were held with the experts. A purposive sampling was used and the data collection continued until data saturation. The interviews lasted between 18 and 65 min. MAXQDA 10.0 was used for data management and analysis.ResultsThe expert interviewees had a mean age of 44.77 ± 6.57 years and a mean work experience of 18.6 ± 6.8 years. A total number of six main categories were extracted from the data, including usin influential figures to control HS, controlling HS by alternative activities, changing beliefs and attitudes toward HS, taking administrative and regulatory measures, and facilitating HS cessation.ConclusionThis qualitative study explored the multifaceted ways people adopt to quit HS. Using influential figures to control hookah smoking, promoting alternative activities as a means of control, changing beliefs and attitudes, enforcing administrative regulations, and facilitating quit attempts all play an important role in tackling the prevalence of hookah smoking. These findings emphasize the importance of a comprehensive and multifaceted approach to integrate various interventions to effectively address hookah smoking behavior.

N-acetyltransferase metabolism and DNA damage following exposure to 4,4’-oxydianiline in human bronchial epithelial cells

Waterpipe smoking is increasingly popular and understanding how chemicals found in hookah smoke may be harmful to human bronchial epithelial cells is of great importance. 4,4’-Oxydianiline (ODA), is an aromatic amine which is present at comparatively high levels in hookah smoke. The metabolism and the subsequent toxicity of ODA in human bronchial epithelial cells remains unknown. Given that ODA is an aromatic amine, we hypothesized that ODA is N-acetylated and induces DNA damage following exposure to immortalized human bronchial epithelial cells (BEP2D cells). We measured the N-acetylation of ODA to mono-acetyl-ODA and the N-acetylation of mono-acetyl-ODA to diacetyl-ODA by BEP2D cells following separation and quantitation by high performance liquid chromatography. For ODA, the apparent KM in cells was 12.4 ± 3.7 µM with a Vmax of 0.69 ± 0.03 nmol/min/106 cells, while for mono-acetyl-ODA, the apparent KM was 111.2 ± 48.3 µM with a Vmax of 17.8 ± 5.7 nmol/min/106 cells ODA exposure for 24 h resulted in DNA damage to BEP2D cells following concentrations as low as 0.1 µM as measured by yH2Ax protein expression These results demonstrate that ODA, the most prevalent aromatic amine identified in hookah smoke, is N-acetylated and induces DNA damage in human bronchial epithelial cells.

Study the Effect of Tobacco Smoking (Cigarette and Hookah) on Some Blood Parameters in the Samples of Iraqi People in Al-Najaf Governorate

Abstract Background: The study of effective smoking is considered one of the challenges in sustainable development, where tobacco smoking (cigarettes and hookah) is one of the main etiology of cardiovascular and cancer diseases causing millions of deaths annually. Objectives: The current study aims to identify the effect of cigarettes and hookah on blood parameters in the population of Al-Najaf Governorate. Materials and Methods: The present study included 120 males and they were divided into cigarette smokers (n = 30), hookah smokers (n = 30), cigarettes and hookah smokers (n = 30), and nonsmokers (n = 30). They were distributed according to their age categories ranging from 15 to 74 years. Specimens of blood from all groups were collected to identify the hemoglobin (Hb), white blood cells (WBCs) count, red blood cells (RBCs), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular Hb (MCH), and mean corpuscular Hb concentration (MCHC) in the blood. Results: The results revealed that the current study proved tobacco smoking has a significant effect on most blood parameters, as it had a significant effect on the level of Hb, WBCs, RBCs, MCH, and MCV (P &lt; 0.05) in tobacco smokers (15.2458 ± 1.5 g/dL, 12.35 × 103µL, 5.326 ± 0.775 × 106 µL, 29.721 ± 0.432 pg, 87.7312 ± 0.692 fL), respectively, compared with nonsmokers as a control group (13.5 ± 1 g/dL, 7.450 ± 0.398 × 103 µL, 4.847 ± 0.081 × 106 µL, 27.416 ± 0.915 pg, 79.6343 ± 3.623 fL). However, the effect was not significant on the level of MCHC (34.336 ± 0.599 g/dL) compared with a control group (33.99 ± 0.307 g/dL). Conclusion: The current study concludes that cigarettes and hookah smoking or both change the blood parameters, which are harmful to health. Therefore, smokers must be aware to measure their blood parameters continuously to keep their health healthy.

Abstract 3139: Evidence Of Vascular Endothelial Dysfunction In Habitual Hookah (i.e., Waterpipe) Users: Insights For Cardiovascular Disease Risk

Introduction: Flavored hookah tobacco smoking among young adults continues to be a public health concern. While short-term exposure to flavored hookah tobacco smoking impairs vascular function, data on the long-term impact of habitual use are not clearly delineated. Research Question: Is habitual flavored hookah tobacco smoking associated with vascular endothelial dysfunction in young healthy adults? Goals: Investigate the impact of regular flavored hookah tobacco smoking on vascular endothelial function, as compared to regular cigarette smoking and never tobacco use, in young healthy adults. Methods: We assessed brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD)—a well-established index of vascular endothelial function—in 22 exclusive chronic hookah smokers (25±1 years of age, 23% women; mean±SE), who reported smoking flavored hookah tobacco on average two times per week for 9±1 years, 22 exclusive cigarette smokers who reported 4±1 pack years, and 23 non-smokers. FMD and vascular endothelium-independent nitroglycerin-mediated vasodilation was assessed using high resolution ultrasound. Results: Whereas baseline brachial artery diameter was comparable between groups ( P =ns), brachial artery FMD was significantly lower in habitual hookah users and cigarette users as compared to never smokers (cigarette smokers: 5.22±0.42; hookah smokers: 6.43±0.50; non-smokers: 9.80±0.83; P &lt;0.05). Endothelium-independent dilation of the brachial artery in response to sublingual nitroglycerin did not significantly differ between groups. Conclusions: Despite claims of safety advertised by the growing hookah tobacco industry, our findings provide evidence that, as compared to non-tobacco users, young and apparently healthy adults who regularly smoke flavored hookah tobacco exhibit reduced vascular endothelial function. These results suggest that flavored hookah tobacco smoking is not without harm and has potential harmful vascular effects, associated with increased cardiovascular disease risk.