Honorary Title Research Articles

Design of Exemplary Storybook 5 Apostles Ulul Azmi by Cikal Aksara for Children Aged 10-12 Years Old

Five Apostles are stand out among 25 Prophets of Islam for their extraordinary forbearance and perseverance in carrying out their responsibilities, and they are recognized with the honorific title of Ulul Azmi. Among these holy people are Noah, Moses, Abraham, Isa, and Muhammad. Children are usually introduced to these Prophets and Apostles through storytelling, storybooks are a popular medium for this purpose. Using a qualitative approach, this project highlights the significance of preserving a pleasing harmony between text, pictures, and colors. The goal of the design project is to produce an appropriate children's storybook called "Cerita Teladan 5 Rasul Ulul Azmi," while adhering to recognized criteria for an engaging illustration storybook. The project takes influence from Cikal Aksara's previous storybook.

Viable Cooperation or Unscrupulous Service? Motivations for Albert Bereczky’s Activity in Church Governance

Albert Bereczky is one of the controversial figures in the 20th-century history of the Hungarian Reformed Church. Bereczky was a genuine and authentic leader of those who fought for the inner spiritual renewal of the church between the two world wars, a church organizer, a well-known and respected preacher, who saved many by risking his life during the deportation of Hungarian Jews to extermination camps, for which he was posthumously awarded the honorary title “Righteous Among the Nations” from the Yad Vashem. However, the communist state apparatus established after World War II found in him the person who, by placing him at the head of the Reformed Church, could bring about a radical reduction of the public and social role of the Church almost without any resistance. So, the question arises: how and why could Bereczky, whose Christian commitment was hard to question, become the servant of the dictatorial state apparatus with its atheistic ideology? Our study attempts to record the possible intrinsic and extrinsic motivations that might explain this dilemma, while also providing a general insight into Albert Bereczky’s life. Keywords: Bishop Albert Bereczky, Zoltán Tildy, Church–state relationship, communist persecution of Christians, collaboration

A Study of Lu Xun's "Blessing" Appellatives and the Implications for Chinese Language Teaching

Lu Xun, as the founder of modern Chinese literature, is known for his profound and sharp language style. Although there are different views on whether and how to teach Lu Xun's works in Chinese as a Foreign Language (CFL) teaching circles, the fact that Lu Xun's works are most frequently included in Chinese language textbooks is enough to emphasize his central position. From the perspective of sociolinguistics, this paper takes the epithets in Lu Xun's Blessing as the object of study, and employs exhaustive statistics and other research methods to systematically analyze the epithets in Blessing. It is found that Blessing contains 54 predicates, which are categorized into two major categories of locution and expressive function and seven subcategories of occupational title and honorific title on the basis of Li Mingjie's classification of predicates. From the study of the predicates in Blessing, we can see that they are characterized by the wide distribution and different colors of predicative elements, and the phenomenon of heteronymity and homonymity, and so on. Finally, from the perspective of the "Three Teachings" (teachers, teaching materials, and teaching methods), the study provides insights for Chinese language teaching and promotes Chinese language learners to better understand the development of Chinese society through the study of Lu Xun's epithets.

Does “National Civilized City” policy mitigate air pollution in China? A spatial Durbin difference-in-differences analysis

“National Civilized City” (NCC) is regarded as China’s highest honorary title and most valuable city brand. To win and maintain the “golden city” title, municipal governments must pay close attention to various key appraisal indicators, mainly environmental ones. In this study we verify whether cities with the title are more likely to mitigate SO2 pollution. We adopt the spatial Durbin difference-in-differences (DID) model and use panel data of 283 Chinese cities from 2003 to 2018 to analyze the local (direct) and spillover effects (indirect) of the NCC policy on SO2 pollution. We find that SO2 pollution in Chinese cities is not randomly distributed in geography, suggesting the existence of spatial spillovers and possible biased estimates. Our study treats the NCC policy as a quasi-experiment and incorporates spatial spillovers of NCC policy into a classical DID model to verify this assumption. Our findings show: (1) The spatial distribution of SO2 pollution represents strong spatial spillovers, with the most highly polluted regions mainly situated in the North China Plain. (2) The Moran’s I test results confirms significant spatial autocorrelation. (3) Results of the spatial Durbin DID models reveal that the civilized cities have indeed significantly mitigated SO2 pollution, indicating that cities with the honorary title are acutely aware of the environment in their bid to maintain the golden city brand. As importantly, we notice that the spatial DID term is also significant and negative, implying that neighboring civilized cities have also mitigated their own SO2 pollution. Due to demonstration and competition effects, neighboring cities that won the title ostensibly motivates local officials to adopt stringent policies and measures for lowering SO2 pollution and protecting the environment in competition for the golden title. The spatial autoregressive coefficient was significant and positive, indicating that SO2 pollution of local cities has been deeply affected by neighbors. A series of robustness check tests also confirms our conclusions. Policy recommendations based on the findings for protecting the environment and promoting sustainable development are proposed.

Proxenia as a Model for Early Christian Host-Leaders

To mitigate the costs and risks of travel, Greek communities utilized the formal social institution of proxenia. The honorific title of proxenos (“public host”) was bestowed upon someone in another community who provided travelers with hospitality services, such as physical accommodation, social access, and legal protections. This social institution of proxenia, similar to but more specific than ancient patronage or benefaction, offers a fruitful heuristic model for interpreting travel among early Christians and the role of host-leaders within the emerging movement. Itinerant Christians would have utilized the proxenos-paradigm and cultivated proxenos-like relationships with prominent Christian hosts. This paper examines how Philemon and Phoebe functioned as proxenos-like hosts for Christians traveling through their respective cities. We conclude with discussions regarding the prominence and authority of proxenia-like host-leaders within early Christian social networks. Such people with the capacity to facilitate travel and grant social inclusion amassed significant power, as they became the centralized nodes enabling social connectivity..

Jejak Gelar Doctor Honoris Causa Soekarno dan Pembelajaran Sejarah

Soekarno is one of Indonesia's great figures who is paradoxical, on the one hand he is widely revered but on the other hand he is also widely criticized. The traces of his life are complete, apart from receiving a lot of criticism, he also received a lot of awards. This research aims to trace the path of Soekarno's award of the doctorate honoris causa, the background factors, and how it relates to history learning. This research uses a historical method which includes five stages, namely topic determination, heuristics, criticism, interpretation and historiography. Data collection techniques use document and literature studies such as speech manuscript archives, ministerial decrees, books, journals, articles and online newspaper media. The results of the research show that Sukarno was the Indonesian president who received the most doctor honoris causa degrees, namely 26 degrees (7 awards from within the country and 19 from abroad). Awards cover the fields of law, politics, philosophy, history, social, engineering and religion. The awarding of this honorary title cannot be separated from Soekarno's great role and his political relations in the national and international arena. Historiography regarding the track record of Soekarno's doctor honoris causa degree could be a new alternative to enrich history learning material at high school and college levels.

What motivates international tourists’ positive word-of-mouth? The effect of individualist and collectivist cultural orientations

Purpose The purpose of this research paper was to determine which needs for incentives influence positive word-of-mouth (PWOM) among international tourists and how these needs differ based on the cultural orientation toward individualism and collectivism. Design/methodology/approach This research used online surveys to gather data from 959 Australian, US, UK, Japanese and Korean respondents who had visited Beijing. A random sampling method was used, and data were analyzed using SmartPLS 4.0. By adopting the existence relatedness growth theory, the findings explain how cultural orientation affects the impact of needs for incentives in generating PWOM. Findings Three hypothesized relationships were significant for Australia/UK/USA and Japan/Korea – the effect of needs for incentives on motivation, the effect of motivation on PWOM and the effects of needs for incentives on PWOM were significant and positive for Australia/UK/USA and Japan/Korea. The effect of needs for incentive type on motivation varied across national populations, and the intensity of the effects of needs for incentive type on PWOM was also different. For Australian, UK and the US tourists, the honorary title was the most influential need to stimulate word-of-mouth motivation. The need for cultural learning was the most influential for Japanese and Korean tourists. Originality/value This research contributes to the literature by exploring and comparing the needs for incentives that influence PWOM among tourists from the perspective of individualism and collectivism. The results also increase the understanding of the relationships among needs for incentives, motivation and PWOM.

Шейх ал-ислам Закариййа ал-Ансари в книге «Вафиййат ал-аслаф» Ш. Марджани

The article is a study of a fragment from the Arabic manuscript source “Wafiyyat al-aslaf wa tahiy-yat al-akhlaf” from the heritage of a Tatar theologian and 19th-century historian Shihab al-Din al-Marjani (Shigabutdin Marjani). The fragment is dedicated to the biography of a Shafi’i faqih Zakar-iyya al-Ansari (d. 926/1520), the supreme judge of Egypt of the Mamluk era, awarded the honorary title “Shaykh al-Islam”. Based on the manuscript from the collection of the academic library of Ka-zan Federal University, the Arabic text of al-Ansari’s biography was restored in modern orthography and then translated into Russian with comments and a brief analysis in the historical and theological context. Tatar theologian Shihab al-Din al-Marjani provides the basic information about the life and contribution of Sheikh al-Islam Zakariyya al-Ansari to Islamic sciences and emphasizes that he was one of the renovators of the Islamic faith (mujaddid) of his era. The authors of the article, on the one hand, tried to fill a gap in domestic Islamic studies regarding information about the outstanding Shafi’i jurist Zakariyya al-Ansari; on the other hand, they pointed out the importance of studying and translating a unique domestic manuscript source on the history of Islam – the biographical dic-tionary “Wafiyyat al-aslaf wa tahiyyat al-akhlaf” by Shihab al-Din al-Marjani, which has not yet been published or translated in full. For the first time, a fragment from this source with translation is introduced into scholarly discourse.

The 50th anniversary of corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences Pavel N. Romashchenko

February 22, 2024, marks the 50th anniversary of Pavel N. Romashchenko, a famous scientist, specialist in the field of endocrine, abdominal surgery, and oncology, corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Doctor of Medical Sciences, professor, and colonel of the medical service. For more than 30 years, his life has been inextricably linked with the S.P. Fedorov Faculty of Surgery of the Military Medical Academy names after S.M. Kirov, where he worked his way up from a cadet to the head of the department. In the walls of his alma mater, he evolved into a brilliant clinician, scientist, and leader, defended his doctoral dissertation, and received the title of professor. His fundamental work, as well as scientific research conducted in the clinic under his leadership, substantiated diagnostic and treatment algorithms and expanded the possibilities of using innovative and minimally invasive technologies in endocrine and abdominal surgery. Over the years of P.N. Romashchenko’s leadership of the department and clinic, much has been done to improve it with modern equipment, allowing it to perform various surgical and diagnostic interventions as part of the provision of specialized and high-tech surgical care. P.N. Romashchenko was awarded the honorary title “Honorary Doctor of the Russian Federation”. Under his leadership, 2 doctoral and 10 candidate dissertations were defended. P.N. Romashchenko is the author of more than 460 scientific works, including 14 monographs on various areas of endocrine and abdominal surgery. Currently, Pavel Nikolaevich successfully manages various scientific research as well as training scientific, pedagogical, and medical personnel.

“Was Sappho für ein Weib gewesen …”

Abstract In this article the author analyses the characterization of Sibylla Schwarz as “pommersche Sappho”. The aim is to carve out basic motivic structures as well as peculiarities of a Sapphic persona in poetry, on which Sibylla Schwarz was able to draw on in her writing and to which she is determined by her contemporaries and recipients when she is established in the literary world via the honorary title “Sappho”. In doing so, it is shown that sapphic writing is bound to certain expectations, such as musicality and high quality of the poems, reflection on strong emotions, a – partly concealed – inclusion of female homoerotic undertones, and the thematisation of the possibility of being driven to death by the power of passion as well as the unbearable bittersweetness of love. In her poems Schwarz shows her knowledge of Sappho as a female role model for women writers, but does not define her poet persona primarily or emphatically in the succession of the Greek lyric poetess Sappho.

Надмогильный камень Хусейн-бека из Чишминского мавзолея: описание 1910 года по материалам Российского государственного исторического архива

Research objectives: The publication and analysis of the epigraphic description of the 1910 tombstone of Husein-bek from the Chishminsky mausoleum in the territory of the modern Republic of Bashkortostan. Research materials: Archival documents and the epigraphic monument of Husein-bek (tombstone). The work also involves extensive data from the historiography of the study of the tombstone of Husein-bek from the Chishmin mausoleum. Results and novelty of the research: The analysis of the discovered archival file containing epigraphic descriptions of Turkic-Muslim monuments has been carried out. The history of the formation of archival documents of various confessions and the role of Grand Duke Nikolai Mikhailovich Romanov in the study and popularization of the epigraphic heritage of Russia is revealed in detail. A historiographical and textual analysis of the discovered epigraphic description of the 1910 tombstone of Husein-bek from the Chishmin mausoleum, this paper discloses the data on the epigraphist who completed the description of the monument in 1910. Attention is drawn to the unique interpretation by contemporaries of the place where Husein-bek was born, namely “from the Tirsanovoy area of Turkestan”. The author of the study puts forward his own original interpretation of the term « ترساني » and suggests that scientists look at this word as “Lakab” – part of an Arabic name, an honorary title. The issue of dating the monument is also being updated.

A Review of: Nikolay A. Kanev. Titles of Honour and Rank Hierarchy in Byzantium in the 9th – 11th Centuries. Veliko Tarnovo: St. Cyril and St. Methodius University Press, 2023, 650 pp., ISBN: 978-619-208-347-2

A Review of: Nikolay A. Kanev. Titles of Honour and Rank Hierarchy in Byzantium in the 9th – 11th Centuries. Veliko Tarnovo: St. Cyril and St. Methodius University Press, 2023, 650 pp., ISBN: 978-619-208-347-2

Development of Competences of the Primate of Poland and the President of the Polish Bishops’ Conference

The rights and privileges of the primates of Poland were considerable. Polish primates crowned Polish kings, blessed royal marriages, and presided over the funeral rites of Polish kings. They were the first senators of the Kingdom, and in the king’s absence they acted as his governor and interrex. They had the right to convene the Sejm, Senate councils and order general mobilisation; they were members of governmental bodies, had precedence before princes and dukes, sat before cardinals, had a princely title and a coat of arms, and wore purple robes. A turning point for the hierarchy came with the new legislation of the universal Church. Canon 438 of the 1983 Code of Canon Law expressly regulates that, apart from the prerogative of honour, the primate no longer has any power of governance, unless otherwise stated for some of them by apostolic privilege or approved custom. Canon 452 prescribes the election of the president of the bishops’ conference. Currently, Primate of Poland is an honorary title for the metropolitan archbishops of Gniezno. The privileges inherent in the functions of the primate are precedence during liturgical celebrations, a permanent place in the Permanent Council of the Polish Bishops’ Conference, the right to wear purple and to have 30 tassels in his coat of arms.

Termessos’taki Pamphyliarkhlar ve Pamphylia’daki Roma Valileri İçin Epigramlar. Öncelik ve Onurlar

The use of epigrams on stone during the Late Empire to honour important individuals, whether Roman officials or local benefactors, is a well-known phenomenon, although little explored to elucidate questions of political and institutional history, especially tricky due to the poetic nature of the material. In this field of study, the present work is focused on two epigrams from the Pisidian city of Termessos honouring Pamphyliarchs with the expressions ψῆφος Παμφύλων and γῆς κάρα Παμφύλων. After briefly reviewing the historical links of Termessos with Pamphylia, the main objective is to analyse these expressions as poetic allusions to the honorific title πρῶτος, used in the epigraphy of Asia Minor during the Roman period to designate individual primacy. The last section highlights similarities with two other epigrams from the cities of Perge and Attaleia in Pamphylia in honour of Roman governors, while discussing their identity and the title πιστή of the city of Side.

Exploring Politeness: Analyzing the Arabic Translation In Jane Austen's Sense And Sensibility

Research shows that the concept of politeness is inherently intricate. The current paper examines the role of politeness in translation and highlights its significance as a chief aspect for translators. It focuses on the relationship between pragmatics and translation. The study analyzes the Arabic translation of selected chapters from Jane Austen's Sense and Sensibility, which takes place during the Victorian era and employs various linguistic elements that depict many aspects of politeness. The analysis discusses honorific titles and politeness expressions in both the source English text and its Arabic translation. Following a qualitative approach, Roger T. Bell's discourse parameters are implemented as the analytical framework. Through this examination, the paper highlights the relationship between translation and pragmatics while enhancing our understanding of cross-cultural linguistic differences. The results show that neglecting pragmatic features in translation (i.e., politeness) often due to specific factors can result in incomplete or poor translations, potentially altering the formality of the text unintentionally.

DirKorp

In this paper, we present recent developments on a new version (v3.0) of DirKorp (Korpus direktivnih govornih činova hrvatskoga jezika), the first Croatian corpus of directive speech acts developed for the purposes of pragmatic research. The corpus contains 800 elicited speech acts collected via an online questionnaire with role-playing tasks, a method of simulated communication that is implemented under pre-set conditions. This method is suitable for researching speech acts due to the ability to collect a great number of examples of such acts of equal propositional content and illocutionary purpose used in the same controlled situations. The presented situations are classified into two categories with regard to the relationship between the participants of the communication act: (1) situations involving interlocutors who are not in a familiar relationship; (2) situations involving interlocutors in a familiar relationship. Assignments of the two categories are organized into four pairs, asking respondents to share a speech act of similar propositional content. The respondents were 100 Croatian speakers, all undergraduate (63%) or graduate students (37%) of the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences (University of Zagreb). The corpus has been manually annotated on the speech act level, each speech act containing up to 14 features: (1) respondent ID, (2) familiarity/unfamiliarity, (3) utterance type, (4) directive performative verb in 1st person, (5) illocutionary force, (6) propositional content, (7) T/V form, (8) exhortative, (9) lexical marker of request, (10) lexical marker of apology, (11) lexical marker of gratitude, (12) honorific title, (13) grammatical mood, and (14) modal verb in 2nd person. It contains 12,676 tokens and 1,692 types. The corpus is encoded according to the TEI P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange, developed and maintained by the Text Encoding Initiative Consortium (TEI). DirKorp is available for download under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license from GitHub in TEI format. We describe applied pragmatic annotation as well as the structure of the corpus.

Muslim personal names in Urdu: structure, meaning, and change

Abstract Based on an analysis of a corpus, in this study we examine: (a) the linguistic structure of Muslim personal names, (b) their etymological sources, and (c) some changing patterns among the younger generation. Firstly, we present a typology of the naming patterns by showing that there are four major types – one-part, two-part, three-part, and four-part names. While one-part names are formed from the given name only, the other three types are complex as they are composed of additional names containing honorific titles, caste titles, patronym, and husband’s names in case of married women. Secondly, by examining the linguistic sources of one-part and two part names, we show that Muslim names are primarily derived from Arabic and Persian. Our study further shows that while Indian Muslim names trace their origins to Arabic, the structure of their names differs significantly from Arabs and other Muslims especially those in southern India. Finally, we demonstrate a shift in the naming pattern among the younger generation in that some names and honorific titles are declining. We conclude our paper with some possible social factors that may contribute to the shift.

СИБИРСКИЕ ГОРОДА ТРУДОВОЙ ДОБЛЕСТИ

The article examines the contribution of Siberian cities to the victory during the Great Patriotic War, which made it possible to receive the honorary title «City of Labor Valor». The self-sacrificing work of Siberians is shown to fulfill the call «Everything for the front, everything for the Victory!»

Melatonin: Its expanding universe

Dr. Russel J. Reiter was awarded his fifth honorary title by the National University of Cuyo, Argentina, for his exemplary contributions towards unraveling the mysteries of the pineal gland and, importantly, its major secretory product, melatonin. This commentary provides a glimpse of his accomplishments and a summary of his speech during the ceremony.

The influence of civilized city honorary title on the urban innovation capacity

The influence of civilized city honorary title on the urban innovation capacity