Honor Research Articles

Honours, awards, appointments

Honours, awards, appointments

Dental heroes honoured at Smile Awards

Dental heroes honoured at Smile Awards

Honours versus Money: The Economics of Awards

Honours versus Money: The Economics of Awards

Competencias y formación ética de los profesionales de la comunicación corporativa en contextos interculturales

Este trabajo propone una revisión de la necesidad de fomentar el estudio de la Ética y de la Deontología Profesional aplicada al ámbito de la Comunicación Estratégica e Institucional, sobre todo al mundo de las Relaciones Públicas y los Gabinetes de Comunicación. La revolución digital, que ha llegado para quedarse, plantea nuevos retos que el profesional de la comunicación estratégica debe afrontar: el uso de la información de los clientes, la privacidad y publicidad de las redes sociales, el nuevo derecho al olvido en la red, nuevos delitos a la intimidad y el honor a través de las redes sociales, la transparencia y acceso a la información tan de moda como herramientas para el control del poder político. A todo ello, hay que añadir el contexto de un nuevo escenario económico, social y cultural. Vivimos en una sociedad multicultural con conflictos étnicos, culturales y religiosos, permanentemente. En la actualidad, la interculturalidad se ha convertido en una realidad que no puede ser ignorada. Los futuros profesionales de la Comunicación necesitan una formación específica en valores universales que les capaciten para un mundo contemporáneo en el que cada vez tiene más sentido el término globalización. La ética adaptada a la interculturalidad es una competencia que debe desarrollarse de forma transversal en diferentes materias de las impartidas en los estudios, grados y especializaciones de las Ciencias de la Comunicación.

The massacre mentality and school rampage shootings in the United States: Separating culture from psychopathology

AbstractSchool rampage shootings in the United States are becoming a common occurrence. The purpose of this article is place school rampage shooting in a broader cultural context. Specifically, in this article, I introduce the concept of the “massacre mentality” as a cultural manifestation of western and southern U.S. values. The massacre mentality is a state of mind in which the individual feels justified in committing indiscriminate killings in defence of honour, protection of property, assurance of absolute personal safety, or the elimination of challenges to the “natural order” from the perspective of the offender. A review of the social psychological literature will contrast the massacre mentality with related concepts of “culture of honour” and “sanctioned massacre.” The relationship between street violence, another major form of violence, and the massacre mentality is also addressed. A cultural analysis suggests that interactions between individual psychology in the form of U.S. regional values and sociocultural context of schools contribute to school rampage shootings more often than mental illness. The prevention of school rampage shootings will require the identification of students predisposed to adopt the values contributing to the massacre mentality and challenging social hierarchies by restructuring the context of schools, as well as changing cultural norms in the broader society. The ultimate goal is to create a U.S. culture where the massacre mentality is obsolete.

Influence of Culture, Transparency, Trust, and Degree of Automation on Automation Use

The reported study compares groups of 120 participants each, from the United States (U.S.), Taiwan (TW), and Turkey (TK), interacting with versions of an automated path planner that vary in transparency and degree of automation. The nationalities were selected in accordance with the theory of cultural syndromes as representatives of Dignity (U.S.), Face (TW), and Honor (TK) cultures, and were predicted to differ in readiness to trust automation, degree of transparency required to use automation, and willingness to use systems with high degrees of automation. Three experimental conditions were tested. In the first, highlight , path conflicts were highlighted leaving rerouting to the participant. In the second, replanner made requests for permission to reroute when a path conflict was detected. The third combined condition increased transparency of the replanner by combining highlighting with rerouting to make the conflict on which decision was based visible to the user. A novel framework relating transparency, stages of automation, and trust in automation is proposed in which transparency plays a primary role in decisions to use automation but is supplemented by trust where there is insufficient information otherwise. Hypothesized cultural effects and framework predictions were confirmed.

Honours, awards, appointments

Honours, awards, appointments

Crossing Borders: Essays on Literature, Culture, and Society in Honor of Amritjit Singh by ed. Tapan Basu and Tasneem Shahnaaz

Crossing Borders: Essays on Literature, Culture, and Society in Honor of Amritjit Singh by ed. Tapan Basu and Tasneem Shahnaaz

Two of a kind: Are norms of honor a species of morality?

Should the norms of honor cultures be classified as a variety of morality? In this paper, we address this question by considering various empirical bases on which norms can be taxonomically organised. This question is of interest both as an exercise in philosophy of social science, and for its potential implications in meta-ethical debates. Using recent data from anthropology and evolutionary game theory, we argue that the most productive classification emphasizes the strategic role that moral norms play in generating assurance and stabilizing cooperation. Because honor norms have a similar functional role, this account entails honor norms are indeed a variety of moral norm. We also propose an explanation of why honor norms occur in a relatively unified, phenotypically distinctive cluster, thereby explaining why it is tempting to regard them as taxonomically distinct.

The role of culture in appraisals, emotions and helplessness in response to threats.

In honour cultures, such as Turkey, reputation management is emphasised, whereas in dignity cultures such as northern US, self-respect and personal achievements are central. Turkey is also a collectivistic culture, where relationship harmony is as important as reputation management. When Turkish people's reputation is threatened, they may experience an internal conflict between these two motives and display helplessness. The purpose of the present study was to examine how people from Turkey (an honour culture; n = 52) and northern US (a dignity culture; n = 48) would perceive and respond to reputation threats as opposed to self-respect threats. As predicted, Turkish participants anticipated stronger anger, shame, and helplessness in response to reputation threats than self-respect threats, whereas differences were smaller or non-existent in northern US. Moreover, shame was a mediator between appraisal and helplessness for reputation threats in Turkey (shame positively predicted helplessness); anger was a mediator between appraisal and helplessness for self-respect threats in northern US (anger negatively predicted helplessness). These results are novel in their inclusion of helplessness and appraisal theory of emotions when examining responses to threats in honour and dignity cultures.

In honor of Professor Samuel J. Danishefsky.

In honor of Professor Samuel J. Danishefsky.

Prince William bestows honours to nursing staff

Prince William bestows honours to nursing staff

Building a Culture of Honor and Integrity in a Business School

We describe a unique co-curricular honor and integrity program at a large, research university’s business school. We discuss the evolution of the program as well as the array of stakeholders who were involved in its early development and sustenance. We use an ethical culture template to highlight the formal and informal systems, and we discuss ongoing efforts to assess its effectiveness. We also reveal multiple challenges associated with building and sustaining a culture of honor and integrity for students, faculty, and staff. This program overview provides members of any business school community with a theory-based, but practical, roadmap for moving beyond finding a space in the academic curriculum to promote ethical behavior to developing and implementing a co-curricular honor and integrity program.

A glorious warrior in war: Cross-cultural evidence of honor culture, social rewards for warriors, and intergroup conflict

Previous research has shown that honor culture and honor ideology enhance interpersonal and intergroup aggressiveness at the individual level. This study aimed to examine collective-level relationships among honor culture, social rewards for warriors, and intergroup conflict. To demonstrate these relationships, I used the Standard Cross-Cultural Sample, which contains data on 186 mainly preindustrial societies from all over the world. The analysis demonstrated that honor culture, which values males’ toughness and aggression, has a positive relationship with frequency of intergroup conflicts. In addition, social rewards (praise, prestige, and status) for warriors mediated the relationship between honor culture and frequency of intergroup conflict. These results imply that the collective-level processes of honor culture enhance intergroup conflicts through the social reputations of warriors who participate in war.

Forthcoming Festschrift in honour of Asit K. Biswas

Forthcoming Festschrift in honour of Asit K. Biswas

The Embroidered Bible: Studies in Biblical Apocrypha and Pseudepigrapha in Honour of Michael E. Stone, edited by Lorenzo DiTommaso, Matthias Henze, and William Adler

The Embroidered Bible: Studies in Biblical Apocrypha and Pseudepigrapha in Honour of Michael E. Stone, edited by Lorenzo DiTommaso, Matthias Henze, and William Adler

William Sessions on Honor

William Sessions on Honor

Devoted to the 60th Birthday Sc. D. (Physics and Mathematics), Professor, Honored Worker of Science of the Russian FederationAndrey Aleksandrovich BYKOV

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Anti-gay "Honor" Abuse: A Multinational Attitudinal Study of Collectivist- Versus Individualist-Orientated Populations in Asia and England.

Cultural collectivism, a core feature of honor cultures, is associated with the acceptance of aggression if it is used in the name of so-called "honor." Currently overlooked in the research literature, this study explored perceptions of antigay "honor" abuse in collectivist-orientated honor cultures, where homosexuality, in particular, is considered to be dishonorable. To conduct exploratory and comparative analysis, this study recruited 922 students in four Asian countries (India, Iran, Malaysia, and Pakistan), as well as Asian British and White British students in England. All participants read a brief vignette depicting a man whose relatives verbally abuse him and threaten him with life-threatening violence, after suspecting that he is gay and has joined an online dating website to meet men. Participants then completed a short questionnaire that assessed the extent to which they thought the man's actions had damaged his family's honor and their approval of the antigay "honor" abuse depicted in the scenario. Broadly in line with predictions, data analyses revealed attitudes more supportive of antigay "honor" abuse in all five collectivist-orientated populations than the sample of individualistic-orientated counterparts in England. Notably, however, a series of one-way analyses of variance (ANOVAs) demonstrated that these results varied depending on country of residence, gender, religious denomination, educational status, and age. The findings show that individual and demographic differences influence perceptions toward homophobic "honor" abuse in collectivist cultures. These differences are useful indices of the psychosocial factors that underpin hostile attitudes toward gay males in cultures where homosexuality is denounced.

The Sanjaya Lall prize 2018

The Board of Oxford Development Studies awards a £500 prize to honour the memory of the late Professor Sanjaya Lall. It is awarded annually for the best article published in each volume of the jour...