Honor Code Research Articles

Putting the Honor Back in Academic Honor Systems

AbstractIn higher education in the United States, the language of honor is prevalent in academic settings. For the purposes of creating a fair educational environment and aiding in students’ personal character development, many universities and colleges implement honor systems that require students to adhere to honor codes. Most of these honor systems penalize forms of academic dishonesty, with some extending to include inappropriate social behaviors such as discrimination and harassment. We argue that the focus of academic honor systems on sanctioning honor violations overemphasizes the extrinsic motivation for compliance and detracts from the intended goal to nurture personal character development and the intrinsic motivation to act honorably. Despite this divergence from their intended goal, academic honor systems should be preserved because, if modified to align with the psychological principles underlying intrinsic motivation and the internalization of and adherence to moral norms, they can serve the significant goal, especially in an educational setting, of shaping individuals and a society that value honor and integrity.

Implementasi Kegiatan Ekstrakurikuler Pramuka Dalam Meningkatkan Kepercayaan Diri Siswa di MTs Al-Muta’allimin Patokbeusi Subang

Self-confidence is one of the important aspects of one's life. High self-confidence can motivate someone to achieve and succeed. Scout extracurricular activities can be one of the means to improve students' self-confidence This study aims to determine the implementation of scout extracurricular activities in improving the self-confidence of students of Madrasah Tsanawiyah Al-Mutaallimin Patokbeusi Subang. The method used in this research is a qualitative approach with descriptive research type. The techniques used are interviews, observation and documentation. Based on the research results, it is known that the implementation of scout extracurricular activities in increasing the self-confidence of students who are members of the scout movement at Madrasah Tsanawiyah Al-Mutaallimin Patokbeusi Subang for the 2023/2024 academic year has gone as expected. This can be proven by achieving indicators of self-confidence, namely students are more courageous in expressing their opinions in public, students are more courageous to try new things and students are more confident in facing challenges. Through the process of increasing students' self-confidence which can grow through routine training, through the opening and closing ceremonies of scouting, and by implementing or practicing the Basic Principles of Scouting and the Scout Code of Honor (Trisatya and Dasa Darma pramuka).

Cheating and plagiarism in higher education institutions (HEIs): Aliterature review.

Cheating and plagiarism have become serious problems in higher education institutions (HEIs). It affects educational quality as well as the reputation of higher education. The purpose of this study is to identify the most prevalent types of cheating and plagiarism, as well as the elements that contribute to cheating and plagiarism, and to present solutions to this recurring problem. This paper systematically reviews 45 articles published from 2018, to 2022, aligned with the PRISMA guidelines in the selection, filtering, and reporting of the papers. This review shows that factors such as increased pressure on students, poor academic integrity awareness, lack of up-to-date academic honor codes, and the unethical application of AI tools are prime contributing factors to cheating and plagiarism in HEIs. In a broader sense, all these factors are classified as individual, social, cultural, institutional, and technological factors that are responsible for this problem. This problem can be reduced by establishing ethical and moral development tutorials as well as formulating up-to-date honor codes considering AI tools. Furthermore, higher education institutions must develop anti-plagiarism detection software in order to detect plagiarism and aid students in improving academic writing and paraphrasing approaches. The findings of this systematic literature review provide useful insights for educators and policymakers to solve the complicated issue of cheating and plagiarism in higher education institutions.

Academic integrity violations in higher education: a systematic literature review from 2013–2023

PurposeThis study aimed to review the different types of academic integrity violations reported in the literature between 2013 and 2023. Moreover, this study investigated the causes of these violations and recommends approaches and measures that can be implemented to minimise academic integrity violations in the era of artificial intelligence (AI).Design/methodology/approachWe reviewed 27 articles published between 2013 and 2023 from the Scopus database. We followed the reporting guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses to select, filter, and report relevant studies that met the research objectives.FindingsThe study revealed that various individual, institutional, social, cultural, and technological factors contribute to academic integrity violations. To minimise this issue, higher education institutions should offer brief academic integrity tutorial courses to all first-year students to enhance their knowledge of academic integrity. Moreover, academic honour codes should be regularly reviewed and updated, and technological tools should be implemented to detect AI-generated third-party assignments submitted by students. Furthermore, higher education institutions should frequently conduct training and workshops to educate students on the consequences of violating academic integrity.Originality/valueThis study contributes to existing literature. It highlights the wider societal implications of academic integrity violations such as their influence on workforce readiness and ethical standards in professional environments.

Cheating and plagiarism in higher education institutions (HEIs): A literature review

Cheating and plagiarism have become serious problems in higher education institutions (HEIs). It affects educational quality as well as the reputation of higher education. The purpose of this study is to identify the most prevalent types of cheating and plagiarism, as well as the elements that contribute to cheating and plagiarism, and to present solutions to this recurring problem. This paper systematically reviews 45 articles published from 2018, to 2022, aligned with the PRISMA guidelines in the selection, filtering, and reporting of the papers. This review shows that factors such as increased pressure on students, poor academic integrity awareness, lack of up-to-date academic honor codes, and the unethical application of AI tools are prime contributing factors to cheating and plagiarism in HEIs. In a broader sense, all these factors are classified as individual, social, cultural, institutional, and technological factors that are responsible for this problem. This problem can be reduced by establishing ethical and moral development tutorials as well as formulating up-to-date honor codes considering AI tools. Furthermore, higher education institutions must develop anti-plagiarism detection software in order to detect plagiarism and aid students in improving academic writing and paraphrasing approaches. The findings of this systematic literature review provide useful insights for educators and policymakers to solve the complicated issue of cheating and plagiarism in higher education institutions.

Godfather Marketing: offering favors before products

AbstractDisruptive shifts in the current environment are engendering uncertainty, radically changing market relationships and consumers’ priorities. This challenging-the-boundaries article introduces a new marketing paradigm, Godfather Marketing, according to which firms evolve into organizations reminiscent of ‘mafia families,’ yet completely devoid of criminal connotations. Their aim is to deeply fulfill customer needs and desires through favors, not just product sales. This approach requires customers to adhere to a mutual ‘code of honor,’ where merit is rewarded and wrongdoing punished, participating in the firm’s favor exchange network. Through a theoretical approach grounded in historical cultural factors, this article explores firm credibility, favor conditions, reciprocation methods, customer traits, and organizational dynamics. In an era where the quality of information will supersede its quantity, Godfather Marketing offers a distinct perspective, giving marketers a competitive edge for fostering consumer loyalty and local policymakers a potential tool for community governance, within a shared framework of careful controls ensuring the protection of individual freedoms.

Investigating Factors Leading to Develop Academic Dishonesty and Cheating Behaviors During Board Examinations in Balochistan, Pakistan

This study investigates the pervasive issue of academic dishonesty and cheating behaviors during board examinations in Balochistan, highlighting diverse contributing factors and underscoring the pivotal role of exams in shaping academic paths. The study adopted a quantitative approach, 200 student responses collected through nonprobability random sampling. Using the rational choice theory, this study fills a research gap and advances understanding of academic dishonesty by offering insightful information. Empirical data analysis was utilized to conclude. The research reveals a high incidence of cheating from students with various causes, including the fear of failure, societal expectations, and peer pressure associated with examinations. Notably, stress and anxiety emerge as key predictors of academic dishonesty. Students, facing intense academic pressures, often turn to unethical practices as a coping mechanism. The study underscores the inadvertent encouragement of cheating within the education system, driven by an excessive focus on exam results as the primary measure of success. The findings contribute valuable insights to the academic integrity discourse, advocating for comprehensive strategies to foster a healthier educational system in Balochistan. Recommendations include addressing root causes, promoting a supportive learning environment, fostering open dialogue, and promoting a broader definition of success. formative assessments, post-exam feedback, parental collaboration, and workshops on academic integrity are proposed to create a more supportive and ethical learning environment, enforcing academic honor codes, strict exam monitoring, and efforts to mitigate cheating should extend beyond punitive measures and implement initiatives to reshape perceptions of success, ultimately cultivating a culture of honesty and integrity in education.

IV. Das Einlager. Forderungsdurchsetzung in der Frühen Neuzeit zwischen Autonomie und Heteronomie

Summary In medieval and early modern Germany, the Einlager (lat. obstagium) was a widespread practice of private debt enforcement. Parties stipulated that in case the debtor defaulted, contractually agreed on persons, usually the debtor and/or sureties along with members of their retinue, would confine themselves to given premises, usually a public house, for as long as the debt was left unpaid. During that time, all costs for boarding and lodging were to be borne by the debtor. This legal institution was meant to increase the economic pressure on the debtor and keep him from pursuing his usual private and professional life. Voluntarily agreeing to the Einlager, publicly committing to a debt as well as submitting to slander should the debtor not turn himself in all hinged on contemporary codes of honour – the debtor vouched his personal honour when he took on him the possibility of the Einlager. At the same time, the Einlager itself was perceived to leave personal honour intact. This meant that it was popular in cases in which distraint for debt proved difficult; particularly noble debtors and cities found it to be acceptable. However, increasing economic pressure on an already defaulting debtor had always been viewed sceptically. During the course of the 16th century, criticism of the Einlager grew more intensive and new facets were added to it. Prolonged stays in pubs, sometimes in excess of a year, were now deemed detrimental to public as well as private morality. More importantly, the Einlager as a means of private, autonomous debt enforcement that used personal honour as a leverage point was increasingly perceived as a challenge to early modern concepts of territorial lordship, as it ignored governmental jurisdiction. Early modern German legislation addressing the issue introduced a new argument: It criticized that those employing the Einlager made themselves judges in their own causes. Assailed on all sides, the Einlager thus quickly fell into disuse around 1600. Only in a few northern German regions it was moderated by legislation and employed well into the 19th century.

“I’m not guarding the dungeon”: faculty members’ perspectives on contract cheating in the UAE

Students are increasingly relying on contract cheating (CC), a phenomenon in which a third party completes the assignment, quiz, or homework for students in exchange for a fee. Using an exploratory qualitative method and underpinned by critical theory and social responsibility theory, this study explored the perceptions of faculty members regarding CC in the United Arab Emirates’ (UAE’s) higher education institutions. In particular, this study addressed how faculty members perceive and deal with CC in contexts where policies towards the practice are absent from higher institution honour codes. Using thematic analysis, the results showed that CC arouses the indignation of faculty and staff to the violation of individual and religious rights. Also, they believe they have a sense of responsibility towards students and the community. The results also showed that faculty members’ hesitation in reporting CC incidents was due to their perceived lack of support from higher administration institutions and the lack of clear procedures in ethical manuals. This paper concludes with practical recommendations for faculty and staff, managers, department heads and decision makers to mitigate this phenomenon proactively.

A Robust Examination of Cheating on Unproctored Online Exams

The rapid growth of online education, especially since the pandemic, is presenting educators with numerous challenges. Chief among these is concern about academic dishonesty, especially on unproctored online exams. Students cheating on exams is not a new phenomenon. The topic has been discussed and debated within institutions of higher learning, and significant levels of cheating have been reported in the academic literature for over sixty years. Much of this literature, however, has focused on student behavior in a classroom utilizing proctored, in-class exams. Grades on exams usually determine most of a student’s final grade in a course, and GPAs are used by employers and graduate schools to indicate a student’s subject matter mastery. As more conventional colleges and universities expand their online course offerings it is natural to wonder if academic dishonesty is more prevalent in online classes than in face-to-face classes. In particular, are students more likely to cheat when no one is watching (i.e., on unproctored assessment assignments) than they do when someone is watching (i.e., on proctored assessment assignments)? The purpose of this study is to investigate whether students cheat more on unproctored online exams than they do on proctored in-classroom exams, and if so, is there any pattern to their cheating behavior. Our findings are derived from careful empirical analysis of 741 undergraduate students who completed three unproctored online exams, several collaboration-encouraged assignments, and a proctored in-class comprehensive final exam in the same course with the same instructor. Additionally, we collected demographic and human capital data for every student. Using bivariate and regression analysis, we find significant evidence of more cheating on unproctored online exams than on proctored in-class exams even though students were given stern honor code violation warnings. Moreover, we discover that student cheating increased with each unproctored online exam, implying that students learn how to cheat as they become more familiar with taking online assessment assignments. Finally, we find that students with certain demographic and human capital characteristics tend to cheat more than others. This research strongly supports the use of proctoring for all evaluation assignments in online classes to ensure that grades in these classes properly reflect student aptitude as opposed to merely reflecting their ability to cheat.

Honor in the Meditteranean: A Comparative Narrative Analysis of Malena (2000) and Mine (1982)

ABSTRACT While gender inequality remains to be a phenomenon that impacts women globally, the different challenges women are facing in the Mediterranean region where cultural values of honor function as barrier to women’s emancipation beyond the patriarchal structure is often overlooked in the academic literature. This article investigated the representation of two Mediterranean women in the films Mine (1982) and Malena (2000) by examining the problematic effects of patriarchal fantasy, internalized sexism, and female rivalry on the two main characters within the sociocultural framework on gender. Representation of social norms, and their relationship to codes of honor were analyzed in how they reflect the protagonists’ oppression under the patriarchal structure. Through narrative analysis of the two films, the study investigated whether the codes of honor play a role in the maintenance of gender inequality in the Mediterranean region.

Academic Fraud and Remote Evaluation of Accounting Students: An Application of the Fraud Triangle

AbstractThe pandemic has altered accounting education with the widespread adoption of remote evaluation platforms. We apply the lens of the fraud triangle to consider how the adoption of remote evaluation influences accounting students’ ethical values by measuring the incidence of cheating behavior as well as capturing their perceptions of their opportunity to cheat and their rationalization of cheating behavior. Consistent with prior research, our results show that cheating is higher in the online environment compared to remote evaluation, although the use of proctoring software in online evaluation appears to mitigate but not eliminate students’ the unethical behavior. However, cheating was not reduced when students attest to an honor code during the beginning of an exam. Nonetheless, we find that the use of both proctoring software and honor codes reduces students’ perceptions of opportunity and rationalization of cheating behavior. It follows that the remote evaluation environment may unintentionally be negatively influencing the ethicality of students and future accounting professionals by promoting cheating behavior and, by so doing, negatively influencing the development of unethical values of accounting students and future accounting professionals. Educators should consider the use of appropriate educational interventions to reduce the incidence and opportunities for unethical behavior and, by so doing, help promote the development of ethical values in future accounting professionals. Further implications for teaching and the accounting profession are discussed.

간호대학생의 Polychronicity 성향, 명예규율서약, 학업성취도가 셀프리더십에 미치는 영향

Objectives In this study, an attempt was made to identify the influencing factors of self-leadership and prepare basic data for the development of nursing education programs. Methods An online survey was conducted using a structured questionnaire to measure variables related to self-leadership among 108 nursing students located in Chungcheongnam-do. Polychronicity tendency, honor code pledge, and GPA(grade point average) were selected as relevant variables in multiple regression analysis. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics t-test, Pearson correlation coefficients, and multiple re-gression using IBM SPSS 26.0 program. Results In this study, the honor code pledge and GPA(grade point average) were found to have a significant impact on the self-leadership of nursing students, and the explanatory power R² of the self-leadership of related variables was measured at 0.14 (adjusted R²=.12). There was a positive correlation between self-leadership and the honor code pledge, and a negative correlation between polychronicity tendency and GPA(grade point average). The sub-ject's self-leadership was 3.5 points (4 points), polychronicity tendency was 2.2 points (4 points), honor code pledge was 3.7 points (4 points), and GPA(grade point average) was 3.7 points (4.5 points). Conclusions Because every nurse who deals with patients and carries out work must have self-leadership as a leader who can represent the organization, there is a need to develop self-leadership nursing education that can promote ethical and moral development and increase the level of professional knowledge for nursing students who are prospective nurses.

Study Internalization of Entrepreneurial Values in the Formation of Student Entrepreneurial Character through Scouting Activities

The purpose of this research is to understand how the Internalization of Entrepreneurial Values can shape Entrepreneurial Character through Student Scouting. The subjects of this study consisted of five members and coaches of the Universitas Negeri Makassar Scout student activity unit, consisting of one coach, two administrators, and two members. This research uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive nature. Sampling was done through non-probability sampling technique, specifically purposive sampling. Data were collected through observations, interviews, and documentation, while data analysis used qualitative analysis methods. Based on the results of the research and discussion, it can be concluded that the internalization of entrepreneurial character through scouting activities includes values such as honesty, discipline, hard work, creativity, innovation, independence, responsibility, cooperation, leadership, perseverance, resilience to risk, commitment, realism, curiosity, communicative, strong motivation to succeed, and action-oriented contained in Scout activities. Some of these activities include practicing the Scout code of honor, achieving general proficiency marks, outdoor activities, deliberations, meetings and briefings, social services, spiritual activities, competitive activities, front cluster ambassadors, seminars and training, and outdoor activities. The internalization of entrepreneurial values in the Universitas Negeri Makassar Scout activity unit in shaping entrepreneurial character has proven to be well implemented. The coach, as an adult figure who directs scouting activities, tries to choose activities and methods to increase the creativity and ability of students in developing entrepreneurial character.

Compliance with standards of academic integrity in us higher education institutions

Peculiarities of compliance with norms of academic integrity in institutions of higher education of the United States of America are considered. In US universities, special Departments of academic integrity have been created, the task of which is to monitor compliance with the norms of academic integrity of all those involved in the educational process. Codes of academic integrity have been developed in all institutions of higher education in this country. The codes contain rules and principles that justify decent educational behavior within the community, develop norms that make it possible to prevent manifestations of academic dishonesty. The work of the Department of Academic Integrity is analyzed and its direction is shown. In order to prevent, consider and fix violations of academic integrity, a legal procedure in the form of a document (Charge of Academic Dishon-Form) has been developed in the USA. Academic Integrity Centers have been established in US universities. Such Centers define academic integrity as a set of five fundamental values: honesty, trust, justice, respect, responsibility. The tools used to ensure the culture of academic integrity in the USA are highlighted. For this purpose, an analysis of the educational process of the University of Chicago, the University of California at Northridge, the University of South Carolina, the University of Stevenson in Maryland, the University of Western Kentucky, and the State University of New Jersey was carried out. In US universities, academic integrity is accepted as a norm, which has turned into a traditional, mandatory element of education. The Standards of Conduct in US Universities have been developed for the academic community. These are Codes of Honor. The main institutional means in the USA in the field of academic integrity are shown.

Дворянский кодекс чести народов Северного Кавказа: историческое наследие

The subject of this article is the history of the formation and development of the noble (knightly) code of the North Caucasian peoples. The goal is to identify general and specific trends, as well as factors in the formation of knightly virtues in the North Caucasus. The author examines the geographical, socio-cultural determinants that contribute to the emergence of the knightly code, analyzes its conceptual provisions, proves that the knightly (noble) code is a vivid confirmation of the historical development of the common Caucasian moral and ethical code of laws. Emphasizing that the concept of moral etiquette of nobles included not only moral and ethical attitudes, but also the norms of unwritten customary law that governed the life of a highlander; The code was consistent with several key moral positions, including such eternal imperatives as loyalty, politeness, courage, simplicity in everyday life, truthfulness, humanity, hospitality, eloquence. The novelty of the stated topic is seen in the fact that the author for the first time made an attempt to solve one of the problems of Caucasian studies - the history of the knighthood of the mountain peoples, formulated in the noble code of honor, which has not been specially studied by any scholar until now. The practical significance lies in the fact that the reconstruction of the spiritual heritage of the peoples of the North Caucasus, embodied in the noble (knightly) code of honor, will help overcome the prevailing stereotypes regarding the spiritual values of ethnic groups in Russia and provide modern politicians with interesting material that contributes to a thoughtful and balanced consideration of topical modern issues related to interethnic tolerance. The author's special contribution consists in disclosing the specifics and essence of the unwritten legal code of the North Caucasus and analyzing its role in the formation of the ideal highlander, as well as in identifying the positive and negative aspects of the knightly virtues of the peoples of the North Caucasus and introducing ethnological and documentary materials into scientific circulation, many of which are published for the first time. The methodological basis of the study were general philosophical theories about the role of the people in the creation of spiritual and material culture and the idea of the influence of the environment on the specifics and originality of the development of moral attitudes of the North Caucasian nobility. It is concluded that the collection of principles and rules that make up the noble etiquette imperative refers to eternal moral categories, therefore the knightly code of the mountain peoples is a cultural paradigm, a kind of prototype of a militarized life that took place in the region for a rather long period and left as a legacy and edification to posterity.

War's Rustic Code of Honor

War's Rustic Code of Honor

Pembentukan Karakter Peserta Didik Berbasis Living Values Education Melalui Ekstrakurikuler Pramuka

This study is motivated by the many phenomena that occur on the problem of social behavior deviations in the nation's children who cause a crisis of character. Character education is needed to minimize negative characters in children. LVE values that include the values of cooperation, freedom, happiness, honesty, humility, love, peace, respect, responsibility, simplicity, tolerance, and unity are the expectations of all people. One of the activities that implement character education is extracurricular scouting, which through its activities seeks to foster the character of students in order to have good character in them.This study uses a qualitative approach to the type of qualitative descriptive research with interviews, observations, and comments as data collection techniques. The subjects used were the principal, homeroom teacher, and scoutmaster.Based on the results of research that has been done, it can be concluded as follows: 1) the concept of character formation of students based on living values education through extracurricular scouting, namely, the necessary uniformity of steps in the implementation of extracurricular scouting through the Scout Movement program and standby gudep sdit Al-Kautsar Ngoro. 2) efforts in shaping the character of students through extracurricular scouting include routine exercises include the practice of the Scout movement honor code, learning by doing, team and group systems. In addition, the role model of scoutmaster in the implementation of extracurricular scouting is very influential in the formation of the value of the character of students. 3) supporting factors in the implementation of character building include scoutmaster, Guardian cooperation, adequate infrastructure. For an obstacle to the formation of character lies only in the division of time. Because there are various extracurricular activities in sdit Al-Kauthar school and the application of full day school makes all activities in learning dense. No action to overcome these barriers to character building can be implemented through learning and habit.

“You Don’t Want to Be Perceived as Wild and Unruly”: How Ethnic Minority Women Experience and Negotiate Their Autonomy within Honor-Related Contexts

Within honor-related contexts, women’s appearances, actions, and life choices are closely tied to the honor of the entire family. As a result, women who opt to deviate from prevailing feminine honor codes are subject to violence as a means of restoring the family’s good name. Based on the life stories of fourteen Dutch ethnic minority women who deviated from feminine honor codes, this study investigates how women experience their autonomy as a process within their social context. Rather than analyzing this process through a binary conception of autonomy (i.e., agency/coercion), this study highlights women’s experiences through a relational approach to autonomy. In doing so, this study uncovers three overarching themes: (1) honor codes are enforced implicitly through expectations surrounding the role of “the honorable daughter/wife”, and explicitly through a shared religious and/or ethnic identity, (2) women detach themselves from honor codes either by strategically renegotiating honor codes or after experiencing a turning point that triggers an immediate process towards detachment from honor codes, and (3) women’s decision-making processes are accompanied with health concerns caused by lingering guilt, social shame, and isolation.

The Current Situation in Switzerland Concerning the Regulation of Professions in “Conservation-Restoration” and the Protection of the Title “Conservator-Restorer”

The Swiss Association for Conservation and Restoration (SKR/SCR) was founded back in 1966. It supports all efforts to protect and professionally preserve the art as well as cultural assets and acts for the interests of its member conservators and restorers. These members are employed and self-employed professionals of all disciplines from all cultural and linguistic regions of Switzerland. They represent the vast majority of conservators-restorers working in Switzerland. In 1991, the SKR/SCR was a constituent member of the European Confederation of Conservator-Restorer’s Organisations (E.C.C.O.). It works closely with national and international associations in the Þeld of cultural property conservation. The SKR/SCR is based on its professional proÞle, its code of honour, and E.C.C.O.s internationally recognised ethical documents “Professional Guidelines”.