Honest Information Research Articles

Exploring Parents' Experiences and Needs During Disclosure of a Cerebral Palsy Diagnosis of Their Young Child: A Scoping Review.

Parents often perceive the news that their child has cerebral palsy (CP) as overwhelming and shocking. They are at increased risk of parental stress and mental health problems, which in turn can affect the interaction between the parent and the child. Parental mental health outcomes are known to be affected by the process of disclosure of a diagnosis. In this study, we aimed to synthesize the current knowledge about parents' experiences and needs regarding communication during the disclosure of the diagnosis of their child with (or at risk of) CP. A scoping review following the methodological steps outlined by the Joanna Briggs Institute was performed using PubMed, Embase, CINAHL and PsycINFO. We qualitatively explored parent-reported experiences and needs across included studies, using thematic analysis. A total of 19 studies were included. Six themes were identified, three in relation to experiences (i.e., preceding experiences and feelings, perceptions of the disclosure and emotional impact) and three in relation to needs (i.e., transparency in information, supportive attitude and having a say). Despite high variability across studies regarding parental needs, most studies reported the need for (i) honest and clear information, (ii) good communication skills amongst professionals and (iii) emotional and practical support after diagnosis. Our findings suggest that parents' experiences and needs in the period when their child's diagnosis of (high risk of) CP is communicated are highly variable, due to an interplay of personal and contextual factors. To facilitate good communication during disclosure, it is crucial that health care professionals assess and understand this complex process and consider parents' needs for open communication and autonomy in the process. Therefore, professionals need to attune to parents' needs and their individual preferences regarding conversations about their child with (or at risk of) CP.

Transforming Communication on Serious Illness and Frailty: A Comprehensive Approach to Empowering Informed Decision-Making.

Health care professionals can enhance conversations about serious illness and medical decision-making by adopting a transparent, standardized approach. This article critiques established communication strategies, which often emphasize patient values and goals without providing the necessary medical information to align these goals with a shared understanding of prognosis. We propose an alternate strategy that (1) provides detailed explanations of medical conditions at the beginning of the conversation, (2) includes support persons in discussions, (3) considers capacity, and (4) offers tailored advice by clinicians. The proposed framework aims to provide patients (or their delegates) with the information they need to integrate their values in pursuit of well-informed medical decisions. This strategy builds trust by providing honest information about medical conditions and their trajectories. It empowers decision makers to consider realistic outcomes, allowing them to accept or reject treatments in accordance with their preferences. This article presents a thorough step-by-step guide on how to conduct a serious illness conversation and facilitate medical decision-making, including a supplement that provides example phrases for use in clinical practice.

The Role of the Consumer Dispute Resolution Agency (BPSK) Regarding Developer Consumer Rights that are Not Fulfilled

The Consumer Dispute Resolution Agency (BPSK) was established as a solution to avoid resolving consumer disputes through general courts. Proceeding in the general court takes a long time and costs a lot of money, whereas resolving consumer disputes requires fast and cheap procedural law. Consumer Dispute Resolution Agency Provisions in Law Number 8 of 1999 concerning consumer protection which strictly regulates consumer rights that consumers have the right to correct, clear and honest information regarding the actual condition and guarantee of goods/services, of course the Consumer Protection Law accommodating legal certainty for consumers to obtain the rights to everything they want or buy, so that legal certainty for consumers if they do not get clear and correct information from developers or business actors for consumers who buy a house or place to live can be guaranteed if their rights their rights are not fulfilled .

Is the alarm on deception ringing too loudly? The effects of different forms of misinformation warnings on risk perceptions of misinformation exposure

Misinformation is widely regarded as an undermining force to European democracies. Yet, to date, empirical research shows that the amount of misinformation people encounter is rather low, and not in proportion to the strong alarming messages spread throughout society. In this light, current interventions that pre-bunk misinformation by using warning messages may disproportionally prime suspicion and result in inflated estimates of misinformation. To assess whether messages that pre-bunk misinformation result in disproportionate risk perceptions related to inaccurate or false information, and to explore the effectiveness of alternative interventions, this article relied on an online between-subjects experiment in the Netherlands ( N = 437). Our main findings indicate that exposure to a media literacy intervention does not result in higher first- or third-person risk perceptions related to misinformation exposure. However, a warning message that emphasizes the identification of reliable news while contextualizing the threats of misinformation significantly lowers perceived misinformation salience. As an important implication of our findings, we suggest that pre-bunking interventions should relativize the threats of misinformation by facilitating the recognition of honest and reliable information as an alternative path to help people identify reliable information.

REGULASI DAN SWA-REGULASI INDONESIA DALAM PENYELENGGARAAN MEDIA TERKAIT PERAN MNC GROUP TERHADAP PARTAI PERINDO

In political contestation, the perpetrators are plural in taking various ways so that their political goals can be practically achieved. One of them is the use of mass media as a mouthpiece in increasing self-electability and political vehicles. Media has a role as the fourth pillar of the state after the Executive, Legislative, and Judicial powers. Because of its vital role, the media and the people behind it are required to be able to convey honest and useful information to the wider community. The existence of media owners who are involved and involved in the world of practical politics makes a preliminary indication of the increasing interest of a particular group. Indonesia, which upholds the rule of law, has established regulations and self-regulation for cases like this. Meanwhile, in the regulation and self-regulation of the media, it has been stipulated that the media must be neutral and not take sides with any party and not benefit the interests of individuals or groups. The government has the right and obligation to take action against the products produced by the media if a violation is found. Because the channels used by the media, especially public frequencies, do not belong to the media, but must be used for the greatest prosperity of the people.

The Role of Communication in Nation-Building: A Theoretical Framework for South African National Unity

Communication plays a crucial role in the formation of a nation and its identity. It is apparent that the government of South Africa has previously started nation-building initiatives, but it is unclear how much the public is involved in the design and implementation of these campaigns. In this study, the contemporary literature on communication in the context of nation-building was critically engaged to clarify the role that communication plays in nation-building. The study concludes that the two-way symmetrical model is the best as it emphasises honest information exchanges between the public and the government through interactive communication. In order to effectively communicate with both internal and external target audiences and advance the agenda for nation-building, the South African government should employ communication techniques that will create and maintain enduring relationships with the public based on mutual trust by implementing participatory communication approaches to nation-building.

When Parents Request Nondisclosure: Rights of Adolescents to Access Their Health Information and Implications of the 21st Century Cures Act Final Rule.

AbstractDespite broad ethical consensus supporting developmentally appropriate disclosure of health information to older children and adolescents, cases in which parents and caregivers request nondisclosure continue to pose moral dilemmas for clinicians. State laws vary considerably regarding adolescents' rights to autonomy, privacy, and confidentiality, with many states not specifically addressing adolescents' right to their own healthcare information. The requirements of the 21st Century Cures Act have raised important ethical concerns for pediatricians and adolescent healthcare professionals regarding the protection of adolescent privacy and confidentiality, given requirements that chart notes and results be made readily available to patients via electronic portals. Less addressed have been the implications of the act for adolescents' access to their health information, since many healthcare systems' electronic portals are available to patients beginning at age 12, sometimes requiring that the patients themselves authorize their parents' access to the same information. In this article, we present a challenging case of protracted disagreement about an adolescent's right to honest information regarding his devastating prognosis. We then review the legal framework governing adolescents' rights to their own healthcare information, the limitations of ethics consultation to resolve such disputes, and the potential for the Cures Act's impact on electronic medical record systems to provide one form of resolution. We conclude that although parents in cases like the one presented here have the legal right to consent to medical treatment on their children's behalf, they do not have a corresponding right to direct the withholding of medical information from the patient.

Protection of Consumer Rights in Online Transactions from the Perspective of Positive Law on Consumer Protection and the Compilation of Sharia Economic Law

This research is motivated by a phenomenon that business actors in buying and selling online often provide unclear information. This research is a library research on consumer legal protection in online buying and selling according to Law No. 8 of 1999 and consumer protection in online buying and selling according to the Compilation of Sharia Economic Law and comparison of consumer protection in online buying and selling according to UUPK and KHES. The results showed that, Legal protection of consumers in online buying and selling according to Law No. 8 of 1999 is not fully realized, because many consumer rights are violated by online business actors. Violated consumer rights are contained in GCPL Article 4, Article 7, Article 8, Article 17, Article 19. The legal protection of consumers in online buying and selling based on the Compilation of Sharia Economic Law is the provision of protection in the form of khiyar rights (cancel or continue the sale and purchase contract). The similarity of consumer legal protection in online buying and selling according to GCPL and KHES is that they must provide correct, clear, and honest information about the conditions and guarantees of goods and / or services. While the difference in consumer protection in online buying and selling according to GCPL and KHES is that according to GCPL, administrative sanctions and criminal sanctions are imposed; in KHES, consumers are given the right to khiyar (cancel or continue the contract) in online buying and selling.

Electronic Auditing and Its Impact on Achieving Quality Financial Reports An Exploratory Study at Al-Tafif Islamic Bank, Babylon Branch

This research aims to determine the effectiveness of electronic auditing in improving the quality of financial reports. To achieve the objectives of the study, a cross-sectional survey method was used to collect data from a sample of employees working at Al-Taif Islamic Bank (Babylon Branch), and primary data was collected using structured electronic Likert-scale questionnaires. SPSS statistical software was used to analyze the collected data; The results of the analysis concluded that electronic auditing improves the quality of financial reports in Iraq. The study concluded that banks should adopt the effective and expanded use of electronic auditing because it provides independent, honest and reliable financial audit information. Banks in Iraq must adopt effective and expanded use of electronic auditing to ensure the detection of financial fraud, thus closing routine financial loopholes.

Application of the New Public Relations Paradigm in the Cyberspace Retail Industry

This research aims to analyze the application of the New Public Relations (NPR) paradigm in the retail industry, by taking a case study of a well-known retail company, Alfamart. The NPR paradigm emphasizes the importance of two-way interaction between organizations and stakeholders, as well as an emphasis on values, transparency, and community involvement. This study uses a qualitative approach with data collection techniques in the form of in-depth interviews with various related parties in Alfamart, such as senior management, PR staff, and consumers. Data analysis was conducted by detailing communication practices that reflect the NPR paradigm. The results of this study reveal that Alfamart has implemented various aspects of the NPR paradigm in its communication strategy. They understand the importance of listening to input and feedback from consumers and strive to provide honest, transparent and relevant information to stakeholders. In addition, Alfamart is also active in involving themselves in social and community activities, reflecting their commitment to corporate social responsibility. This research contributes to the understanding of how retail companies can adopt the NPR paradigm in managing relationships with consumers and society more effectively. This research contributes to the understanding of how retail companies can adopt the NPR paradigm in managing relationships with consumers and society more effectively.

Being Seen as a Unique Person is Essential in Palliative Care at Home and Nursing Homes: A Qualitative Study With Patients and Relatives.

Incorporation of a palliative care approach is increasingly needed in primary care and nursing home care because most people with a life-limiting illness or frailty live there. To explore patients' and relatives' experiences of palliative care at home and in nursing homes. Generic qualitative research in a purposive sample of patients with an estimated life expectancy of <1 year, receiving care at home or in a nursing home, and their relatives. Data is collected through semi-structured interviews and thematically analyzed by a multidisciplinary research team. Seven patients and five relatives participated. Three essential elements of palliative care and their contributing factors emerged: 1) be seen (personal attention, alignment to who the patient is as a person, and feeling connected) 2) information needs (illness trajectory and multidimensional symptoms and concerns, and 3) ensuring continuity (single point of contact, availability of HCPs, and coordination of care). Patients and relatives experienced loss of control and safety if these essentials were not met, which depended largely on the practices of the individual health care professional. In both primary care and nursing home care, patients and relatives expressed the same essential elements of palliative care. They emphasized the importance of being recognized as a unique person beyond their patient status, receiving honest and clear information aligned with their preferences, and having care organized to ensure continuity. Adequate competence and skills are needed, together with a care organization that enables continuity to provide safe and person-centered care.

Parents’ psychosocial needs during the child’s hospitalization in pediatric intensive care units (PICU): a systematic review

IntroductionThe admission and hospitalization of a child in a Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) creates stress and anxiety in the family. The family is called upon to make important decisions about the child’s treatment, while roles within the family environment are disrupted.ObjectivesThe investigation of the psychosocial needs of the relatives of hospitalized children in the NICU.MethodsWe conducted a systematic review of studies published until the end of 2022 in the Greek and English languages in the databases “Pubmed”, “Scopus” and “Iatrotec” with the following keywords: “Pediatric Intensive Care Unit”, “Socio-psychological Needs’ and ‘Parents’.Results Of the 26 studies found, 5 studies met the inclusion-exclusion criteria and were included in the review. The most frequently mentioned psychosocial needs of the parents were: (1) the need for complete, immediate and honest information regarding the health status of their hospitalized child and the changes in their condition, (2) the need to provide comfort to the parents during duration of their child’s hospitalization, (3) the parents’ need for psychological support and guidance regarding the care of their hospitalized child, (4) the feeling of security regarding the care provided, and (5) the need for frequent contact with the hospitalized child. Also, it was observed that the medical and nursing staff underestimated some needs of the parents, such as the need for closeness, while there were others that we underestimated, such as the religious needs.Conclusions Parents present increased psychosocial needs during their child’s hospitalization in the PICU. Nursing staff play an important role in supporting relatives by providing family-centered care.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

Eliciting Honest Information from Authors Using Sequential Review

In the setting of conference peer review, the conference aims to accept high-quality papers and reject low-quality papers based on noisy review scores. A recent work proposes the isotonic mechanism, which can elicit the ranking of paper qualities from an author with multiple submissions to help improve the conference's decisions. However, the isotonic mechanism relies on the assumption that the author's utility is both an increasing and a convex function with respect to the review score, which is often violated in realistic settings (e.g.~when authors aim to maximize the number of accepted papers). In this paper, we propose a sequential review mechanism that can truthfully elicit the ranking information from authors while only assuming the agent's utility is increasing with respect to the true quality of her accepted papers. The key idea is to review the papers of an author in a sequence based on the provided ranking and conditioning the review of the next paper on the review scores of the previous papers. Advantages of the sequential review mechanism include: 1) eliciting truthful ranking information in a more realistic setting than prior work; 2) reducing the reviewing workload and increasing the average quality of papers being reviewed; 3) incentivizing authors to write fewer papers of higher quality.

Facing life-threat during youth: a qualitative study on challenges, coping, and needs among adolescents and young adults with cancer

PurposeWhile the unique situation of adolescents and young adults with cancer (AYAs) has become the focus of research and clinical practice, little is known about how they deal with the threat to life at a curative stage. The aim of this study was to obtain insight into the challenges, coping strategies, and needs of AYAs regarding the life-threatening nature of their diseases.MethodsFace-to-face in-depth interviews were conducted with patients who were 18–39 years old at diagnosis. The interviews took place 2–5 years after their diagnosis. Patients who were still undergoing treatment or who were suspected of recurrence were excluded. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using qualitative content analysis.ResultsFifteen patients (mean age 27.33 years, nine females) were interviewed in a large comprehensive cancer center in Germany. Before diagnosis, AYAs had not faced their own mortality and had little experience with cancer. The sudden confrontation with a life-threatening disease and therapy, as well as experiencing the death of other AYAs, challenged them. Fear, particularly regarding recurrence and death, and the loss of trust in their own bodies were the major emotions that continued to limit them even after the end of treatment. For mothers, concern of leaving their young children alone was paramount. Coping strategies frequently mentioned were hope, avoidance, self-soothing, and valuing the experience as a chance. Health care professionals were expected to be reassuring, motivating, and open and to provide honest information based on individual and current needs.ConclusionAYAs appear to cope with life-threats similarly to older patients but have additional unique challenges, including inexperience with life-threatening diseases and responsibility for young children. More research is needed in this area, although it is already evident that AYAs need honest and reassuring communication regarding the life-threat during any curable phases of their disease.Trial registration number DRKS00030277; September 27, 2022 (German Clinical Trials Register).

Experiences of breastfeeding peer counseling among women with low incomes in the US: a qualitative evaluation

BackgroundPerson-centered breastfeeding counseling is a key but often overlooked aspect of high-quality services. We explored women’s experiences of the Breastfeeding Heritage and Pride™ program, an evidence-based breastfeeding peer counseling program serving women with low incomes in the United States.MethodsThis study was conducted through an equitable community-clinical-academic partnership and guided by the World Health Organization (WHO) quality of care framework for maternal and newborn health, which highlights three domains of positive experiences of care: effective communication; respect and dignity; and emotional support. In-depth interviews were conducted with a purposive sample of women participating in the Breastfeeding Heritage and Pride™ program. Women were asked to describe their experiences with the program including examples of when good quality counseling was or was not provided. Each interview was conducted in English or Spanish, audio-recorded, and transcribed verbatim. Data were analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis. Once themes were generated, they were organized according to the three care experience domains in the WHO quality of care framework.ResultsTwenty-eight in-depth interviews were conducted with a racially/ethnically and socio-economically diverse sample of women. Three themes described effective communication practices of peer counselors: tailoring communication to meet women’s individual needs; offering comprehensive and honest information about infant feeding; and being timely, proactive, and responsive in all communications across the maternity care continuum. Two themes captured why women felt respected. First, peer counselors were respectful in their interactions with women; they were courteous, patient, and non-judgmental and respected women’s infant feeding decisions. Second, peer counselors showed genuine interest in the well-being of women and their families, beyond breastfeeding. The key theme related to emotional support explored ways in which peer counselors offered encouragement to women, namely by affirming women’s efforts to breastfeed and by providing reassurance that alleviated their worries about breastfeeding. These positive experiences of counseling were appreciated by women.ConclusionsWomen described having and valuing positive experiences in their interactions with peer counselors. Efforts to expand access to high-quality, person-centered breastfeeding counseling should, as part of quality assurance, include women’s feedback on their experiences of these services.

Safeguarding Networks: The Role of Cryptography

Due to complex network threats, network security faces unprecedented challenges in a rapidly changing environment. These details highlight the importance of cryptography in protecting networks from today's threats. The development of technology has led to the increase in connected devices, the expansion of parking areas and the need for security measures. Honest and confidential information is protected by encryption technology using complex methods and algorithms. The brief reviews state-of-the-art cryptographic techniques and highlights the importance of quantum-resistant mechanisms against the threat of quantum computing. It explores how cryptography can be used together with technologies such as blockchain, artificial intelligence and the Internet of Things, and emphasizes its importance in ensuring the security of these areas. It envisions the development and implementation of post-quantum cryptography, covers concepts such as homomorphic encryption and zero-knowledge proofs, and addresses issues of cryptographic efficiency and creative control. It aims to protect networks from new threats and ensure secure data exchange by meeting the need for strong cryptographic protection in the evolving business environment.

Japanese physicians' perceptions of conflicts of interest with pharmaceutical companies: Estimating two different questioning approaches.

Despite being one of the world's largest pharmaceutical markets, interactions between Japanese physicians and pharmaceutical companies often remain opaque. Importantly, potential conflicts of interest associated with these interactions can compromise patient care and increase costs. We conducted an online survey of Japanese physicians to elucidate perspectives on pharmaceutical company promotional activities and how these influence physician prescribing patterns. Anticipating that physicians might downplay their reliance on, or the value of, pharmaceutical company-provided information, the survey incorporated a direct questioning method and an unmatched count technique (UCT) to identify hidden perceptions on factors likely to influence prescribing. Overall, 1080 eligible physicians participated. Of these, 105 (9.7%) self-identified as hospital directors or managers. Surprisingly, nearly twice as many participants responding to direct questioning (18.9%) versus those responding to the UCT (10.1%) asserted that information provided by pharmaceutical companies was important when prescribing medicine. Hospital directors or managers (adjusted odds ratio [adjOR] 2.56, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 1.00-6.54, reference=physician without title) and frequent interactions with pharmaceutical sales representatives (adjOR 5.96, 95% CI: 1.88-18.9, reference=rare interaction) significantly valued the information from sales representatives and sponsored lectures when considering prescribing decisions. Additionally, 77.1% of respondents believed that sales representatives provide fair, neutral, or relatively honest and unbiased information about their products. Few Japanese physicians acknowledged the influence of industry-provided information on prescribing patterns. Our study uniquely applies two distinct question formats, providing a novel approach to understanding the depth of physician-industry relationships and the effectiveness of various survey methodologies.

Investigating the Use of White Lies During COVID-19 Pandemic: A Qualitative Study

Background: While dishonesty is considered unethical, its occurrence within the healthcare system is not rare; therefore, addressing and controlling this behavior requires targeted interventions to address its root causes. This study investigates the encounters of patients with COVID-19, their families, and healthcare workers with white lies during the COVID-19 pandemic in Iran. Materials and Methods: In this qualitative study, we employed a content analysis approach. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 50 participants, including healthcare workers, individuals diagnosed with COVID-19, and their families. The research was carried out at teaching hospitals affiliated with the Tehran University of Medical Sciences in 2020. For data analysis, the methodology proposed by Graneheim and Lundman was used. In addition, the management and analysis of data were facilitated through MAXQDA software, version 12. Results: This study included 23 female and 27 male participants, with a mean age of 35±6.3 years. Through data analysis, a total of 3201 codes were identified and subsequently organized into 5 main categories as follows: social stigma, media inconsistencies, fear and uncertainty, negligence, and breaking free from quarantine. These categories further branched into 11 sub-categories. Conclusion: Employing white lies as a means to sidestep social stigma and discrimination, along with grappling with fear and xenophobia, emerged as prevalent experiences. The articulation of transparent and truthful information at the community level plays a crucial role in priming public perceptions to acknowledge factual circumstances. To achieve this, healthcare authorities and the media bear the responsibility of disseminating coherent and honest information, thereby mitigating and managing the proliferation of rumors within the community amidst the ongoing pandemic.

Tanggung Gugat Pelaku Usaha Dalam Praktik Jual Beli Myteri Box Yang Cacat Produk Melalui Vending Machine

Abstract-The purpose of this study is to determine the responsibility of business actors who sell defective Mystery Boxes sold at Vending Machines.The type of research used in this legal research is Normative Juridical Research. Statute approach and conceptual approach. Using primary and secondary legal sources. Buying and selling Mystery Boxes through Vending Machines violates Article 4 letters b and c of the PK Law, consumers have the right to choose goods and get services in accordance with the promised exchange rate and guarantee conditions, and provide correct and honest information about the condition and guarantee of the goods. Business actors are obliged to compensate for goods sold Article 7 Letters f and g of the PK Law. Sanctions for business actors for product defects of Mystery Boxes through Vending Machines in accordance with Article 11 letter c of the PK Law are prohibited from deceiving/misleading consumers and not intending to sell the goods offered but with the intention of selling other goods. The consequences of getting sanctions in accordance with Article 62 paragraph (2) of the PK Law are resolved by litigation and non-litigation submitted by consumers in dispute resolution.

Exploring Sound Emission of the Lizard Pristidactylus valeriae.

Lizards, except geckos, are generally considered voiceless organisms, although some species emit oral sounds. For most of these "vocal lizards", however, there is almost no information on the characteristics of the sounds, precluding exploration of the functionality and evolution of the sounds. Pristidactylus are known as "grunter lizards" since individuals emit oral sounds under predation risk. We explored the characteristics of the sounds emitted by P. valeriae, recording 17 adults and 1 juvenile when they were threatened and captured by a predator. Only adults emitted sounds with open mouths and displayed aggressive postures, e.g., biting attempts. These sounds correspond to hisses, which lack amplitude or frequency modulation. The lizards emitted longer hisses when threatened than when captured by the predator, which may provide honest information on individuals' ability to escape. In addition, males may experience higher distress during threats since their hisses had higher aggregate entropy than those of the females. Finally, hissing has been documented in four of the five Leiosauridae genera, the family to which Pristidactylus belongs, suggesting that sound emission is ancestral to the family.