Homotopy Analysis Transform Method Research Articles

A study of nonlinear fractional-order biochemical reaction model and numerical simulations

This article depicts an approximate solution of systems of nonlinear fractional biochemical reactions for the Michaelis–Menten enzyme kinetic model arising from the enzymatic reaction process. This present work is concerned with fundamental enzyme kinetics, utilised to assess the efficacy of powerful mathematical approaches such as the homotopy perturbation method (HPM), homotopy analysis method (HAM), and homotopy analysis transform method (HATM) to get the approximate solutions of the biochemical reaction model with time-fractional derivatives. The Caputo-type fractional derivatives are explored. The proposed method is implemented to formulate a fractional differential biochemical reaction model to obtain approximate results subject to various settings of the fractional parameters with statistical validation at different stages. The comparison results reveal the complexity of the enzyme process and obtain approximate solutions to the nonlinear fractional differential biochemical reaction model.

Application of Homotopy Analysis Transform Method for Solving a Fractional Singular One-Dimensional Thermo-Elasticity Coupled System

This article extends the application of fractional-order time derivatives to replace their integer-order counterparts within a system comprising two singular one-dimensional coupled partial differential equations. The resulting model proves invaluable in representing radially symmetric deformation and temperature distribution within a unit disk. The incorporation of fractional-order derivatives in mathematical models is shown to significantly enhance their capacity for characterizing real-life phenomena in comparison to their integer-order counterparts. To address the studied system numerically, we employ the q-homotopy analysis transform method (q-HATM). We evaluate the efficiency of this method in solving the problem through a series of illustrative examples. The convergence of the derived scheme is assessed visually, and we compare the performance of the q-HATM with that of the Laplace decomposition method (LDM). While both methods excel in resolving the majority of the presented examples, a notable divergence arises in the final example: the numerical solutions obtained using q-HATM converge, whereas those derived from LDM exhibit divergence. This discrepancy underscores the remarkable efficiency of the q-HATM in addressing this specific problem.

A novel investigation of the hepatitis B virus using a fractional operator with a non-local kernel

In order to understand and manage infectious illnesses, mathematical models are extremely important. They support decision making by researchers and public health workers in predicting the spread of diseases, evaluate the results of interventions, and gathering data. This study considers a fractionalized hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection model with cell cure. The Atangana Baleanu fractional model was initially established for the epidemic issue. This paper analyses the fractional form that makes up the HBV infection model utilizing the numerical methodology, homotopy analysis transform method (HATM). The suggested technique is created with the use of the homotopy analysis method (HAM), the homotopy polynomial, and the Laplace transformation. Additionally, the existence and uniqueness of the solution are considered, and stability analysis is given by the fixed-point theory (FPT) of the HBV model. Through MATLAB21, the obtained solutions are graphically simulated. The graphical solutions demonstrated that the peak of viral propagation is reduced when a fractional-order derivative is included to the model, and cell damage is minimized by starting treatment early on; however, the disease takes longer to be completely eradicated. The outcomes will be beneficial in the medical field. The fractional model lets us draw significant information essential for predicting disease outcomes and planning appropriate clinical management for patients.

SEMI-ANALYTICAL VIEW OF TIME-FRACTIONAL PDES WITH PROPORTIONAL DELAYS PERTAINING TO INDEX AND MITTAG-LEFFLER MEMORY INTERACTING WITH HYBRID TRANSFORMS

This paper focuses on the theoretical and computational investigation of the innovative nonlinear time-fractional PDEs incorporating the Caputo and Atangana–Baleanu fractional derivatives in the Caputo context using the [Formula: see text]-homotopy analysis transform method (HATM). The expected strategy employs a combination of [Formula: see text]-HATM and the Jafari transform with the assistance of Caputo and Atangana–Baleanu fractional derivative operators to obtain the methodology permits of PDEs with proportional delay. The fractional operators are employed in this research to demonstrate how crucial they are in generalizing frames involving singular and nonsingular kernels. The proposed series of solutions are closely in agreement with an exact solution. Several important challenges can be addressed to illustrate the validity of the proposed method. The outcomes of the proposed framework are displayed and assessed using numerical and graphical outputs. Furthermore, the results of our suggested strategy were compared to earlier outcomes. The proposed method requires less computation and has significantly better performance. Finally, the analysis shows that the enhanced technique is both reliable and meticulous when evaluating the impact of nonlinearities in science and technology.

A Comparative Study between Discrete Stochastic Arithmetic and Floating-Point Arithmetic to Validate the Results of Fractional Order Model of Malaria Infection

The researchers aimed to study the nonlinear fractional order model of malaria infection based on the Caputo-Fabrizio fractional derivative. The homotopy analysis transform method (HATM) is applied based on the floating-point arithmetic (FPA) and the discrete stochastic arithmetic (DSA). In the FPA, to show the accuracy of the method we use the absolute error which depends on the exact solution and a positive value ε. Because in real life problems we do not have the exact solution and the optimal value of ε, we need to introduce a new condition and arithmetic to show the efficiency of the method. Thus the CESTAC (Controle et Estimation Stochastique des Arrondis de Calculs) method and the CADNA (Control of Accuracy and Debugging for Numerical Applications) library are applied. The CESTAC method is based on the DSA. Also, a new termination criterion is used which is based on two successive approximations. Using the CESTAC method we can find the optimal approximation, the optimal error and the optimal iteration of the method. The main theorem of the CESTAC method is proved to show that the number of common significant digits (NCSDs) between two successive approximations are almost equal to the NCSDs of the exact and approximate solutions. Plotting several graphs, the regions of convergence are demonstrated for different number of iterations k = 5, 10. The numerical results based on the simulated data show the advantages of the DSA in comparison with the FPA.

A Novel Technique to Control the Accuracy of a Nonlinear Fractional Order Model of COVID-19: Application of the CESTAC Method and the CADNA Library

In this paper, a nonlinear fractional order model of COVID-19 is approximated. For this aim, at first we apply the Caputo–Fabrizio fractional derivative to model the usual form of the phenomenon. In order to show the existence of a solution, the Banach fixed point theorem and the Picard–Lindelof approach are used. Additionally, the stability analysis is discussed using the fixed point theorem. The model is approximated based on Indian data and using the homotopy analysis transform method (HATM), which is among the most famous, flexible and applicable semi-analytical methods. After that, the CESTAC (Controle et Estimation Stochastique des Arrondis de Calculs) method and the CADNA (Control of Accuracy and Debugging for Numerical Applications) library, which are based on discrete stochastic arithmetic (DSA), are applied to validate the numerical results of the HATM. Additionally, the stopping condition in the numerical algorithm is based on two successive approximations and the main theorem of the CESTAC method can aid us analytically to apply the new terminations criterion instead of the usual absolute error that we use in the floating-point arithmetic (FPA). Finding the optimal approximations and the optimal iteration of the HATM to solve the nonlinear fractional order model of COVID-19 are the main novelties of this study.

An analytic study on the approximate solution of a nonlinear time‐fractional Cauchy reaction–diffusion equation with the Mittag–Leffler law

The main aim of the current article is considering a nonlinear time‐fractional Cauchy reaction–diffusion equation with the Mittag–Leffler law and deriving its approximate analytical solution in a systematic way. More precisely, after reformulating the nonlinear time‐fractional Cauchy reaction–diffusion equation with the Mittag–Leffler law, its approximate analytical solution is derived formally through the use of the homotopy analysis transform method (HATM) which is based on the homotopy method and the Laplace transform. The existence and uniqueness of the solution of the nonlinear time‐fractional Cauchy reaction–diffusion equation with the Mittag–Leffler law are also studied by adopting the fixed‐point theorem. In the end, by considering some two‐ and three‐dimensional graphs, the influence of the order of time‐fractional operator on the displacement is examined in detail.

An analysis of tuberculosis model with exponential decay law operator

<p style='text-indent:20px;'>In this paper, we explore the dynamics of tuberculosis (TB) epidemic model that includes the recruitment rate in both susceptible and infected population. Stability and sensitivity analysis of the classical TB model is carried out. Caputo-Fabrizio (CF) operator is then used to explain the dynamics of the TB model. The concept of fixed point theory is employed to obtain the existence and uniqueness of the solution of the TB model in the light of CF operator. Numerical simulations based on Homotopy Analysis Transform Method (HATM) and padé approximations are performed to obtain qualitative information on the model. Numerical solutions depict that the order of the fractional derivative has great dynamics of the TB model.

An analysis for Klein–Gordon equation using fractional derivative having Mittag–Leffler‐type kernel

Within this paper, we present an analysis of the fractional model of the Klein–Gordon (K‐G) equation. K‐G equation is considered as one of the significant equations in mathematical physics that describe the interaction of soliton in a collision less plasma. In a novel aspect of this work, we have used the latest form of fractional derivative (FCs), which contains the Mittag–Leffler type of kernel. The homotopy analysis transform method (HATM) is being taken to solve the fractional model of the K‐G equation. A convergence study of HATM has been studied. The existence and uniqueness of the solution for the fractional K‐G equation are presented. For verifying the obtained numerical outcomes regarding accuracy and competency, we have given different graphical presentations. Figures are reflecting that a novel form of the technique is a good organization in respect of proficiency and accurateness to solve the mentioned fractional problem.

Solution of Newell – Whitehead – Segal Equation of Fractional Order by Using Sumudu Decomposition Method

Newell Whitehead Segal (NWS) equation has been used in describing many natural phenomena arising in fluid mechanics and hence acquired more attention. Studies in the past gave importance to obtaining numerical or analytical solutions of this kind of equations by employing methods like Modified Homotopy Analysis Transform method (MHATM), Adomian Decomposition method (ADM), Homotopy Analysis Sumudu Transform method (HASTM), Fractional Complex Transform (FCT) coupled with He's polynomials method (FCT-HPM) and Fractional Residual Power Series method (FRPSM). This research aims to demonstrate an efficient analytical method called the Sumudu Decomposition Method (SDM) for the study of analytical and numerical solutions of the NWS of fractional order. The coupling of Adomian Decomposition method with Sumudu transform method simplifies the calculation. From the numerical results obtained, it is evident that SDM is easy to execute and offers accurate results for the NWS equation than with other methods such as FCT-HPM and FRPSM. Therefore, it is easy to apply the coupling of Adomian Decomposition technique with Sumudu transform method, and when applied to nonlinear differential equations of fractional order, it yields accurate results.

A fractional differential equation model for the COVID-19 transmission by using the Caputo\u2013Fabrizio derivative

We present a fractional-order model for the COVID-19 transmission with Caputo–Fabrizio derivative. Using the homotopy analysis transform method (HATM), which combines the method of homotopy analysis and Laplace transform, we solve the problem and give approximate solution in convergent series. We prove the existence of a unique solution and the stability of the iteration approach by using fixed point theory. We also present numerical results to simulate virus transmission and compare the results with those of the Caputo derivative.

A modified analytical approach with existence and uniqueness for fractional Cauchy reaction\u2013diffusion equations

This article mainly explores and applies a modified form of the analytical method, namely the homotopy analysis transform method (HATM) for solving time-fractional Cauchy reaction–diffusion equations (TFCRDEs). Then mainly we address the error norms L_{2} and L_{infty } for a convergence study of the proposed method. We also find existence, uniqueness and convergence in the analysis for TFCRDEs. The projected method is illustrated by solving some numerical examples. The obtained numerical solutions by the HATM method show that it is simple to employ. An excellent conformity obtained between the solution got by the HATM method and the various well-known results available in the current literature. Also the existence and uniqueness of the solution have been demonstrated.

On exact solutions for time-fractional Korteweg-de Vries and Korteweg-de Vries-Burger’s equations using homotopy analysis transform method

In this paper we consider the homotopy analysis transform method (HATM) to solve the time fractional order Korteweg-de Vries (KdV) and Korteweg-de Vries-Burger’s (KdVB) equations. The HATM is a combination of the Laplace decomposition method (LDM) and the homotopy analysis method (HAM). The fractional derivatives are defined in the Caputo sense. This method gives the solution in the form of a rapidly convergent series with h-curves are used to determine the intervals of convergent. Averaged residual errors are used to find the optimal values of h. It is found that the optimal h accelerates the convergence of the HATM, with the rate of convergence depending on the parameters in the KdV and KdVB equations. The HATM solutions are compared with exact solutions and excellent agreement is found.

Numerical Approximation of Modified Non-linear SIR Model of Computer Viruses

In this paper, the non-linear modified epidemiological model of computer viruses is illustrated. For this aim, two semi-analytical methods, the differential transform method (DTM) and the Laplace-Adomian decomposition method (LADM) are applied. The numerical results are estimated for different values of iterations and compared to the results of the LADM and the homotopy analysis transform method (HATM). Also, graphs of residual errors and phase portraits of approximate solutions for n = 5, 10, 15 are demonstrated. The numerical approximations show the performance of the LADM in comparison to the DTM and the HATM.

Fractional dynamics of an erbium-doped fiber laser model

In this paper we investigate the model of the time-fractional dynamics of an erbium-doped fiber laser model (TFDEFL) with Liouville–Caputo (LC), Caputo–Fabrizio–Caputo (CFC) and Atangana–Baleanu–Caputo (ABC) time-fractional derivatives. We employ the homotopy analysis transform method (HATM) to calculate approximate solutions for the TFDEFL model. This method gives the solution in the form of a rapidly convergent series that can ensure the convergence in solving the resultant series. We study the convergence analysis of HATM by computing the interval of convergence through the h-curves, the residual error function and the average residual error, respectively. We also show the effectiveness and accuracy of this method by comparing the approximate solutions based upon the LC, CFC and ABC time-fractional derivatives.

A hybrid analytical algorithm for nonlinear fractional wave-like equations

In this work, we aim to present a hybrid numerical scheme based on the homotopy analysis transform method (HATM) to examine the fractional model of nonlinear wave-like equations having variable coefficients, which narrate the evolution of stochastic systems. The wave-like equation models the erratic motions of small particles that are dipped in fluids and fluctuations of the stochastic behavior of exchange rates. The uniqueness and existence of HATM solution have also been discussed. Some numerical examples are given to establish the accurateness and effectiveness of the suggested scheme. Furthermore, we show that the proposed computational approach can give much better approximation than perturbation and Adomain decomposition method, which are the special cases of HATM. The result exhibits that the HATM is very productive, straight out and computationally very attractive.

Solving Nonlinear Integro-Differential Equations Using the Combined Homotopy Analysis Transform Method With Adomian Polynomials

In this paper, we propose a reliable combination of the homotopy analysis method (HAM) and laplace transform-Adomian method to find the analytic approximate solution for nonlinear integro-differential equations. In this technique, the nonlinear term is replaced by its Adomian polynomials for the index \(k\), and hence the dependent variable components are replaced in the recurrence relation by their corresponding homotopy analysis transforms components of the same index. Thus, the nonlinear integro-differential equation can be easily solved with less computational work for any analytic nonlinearity due to the properties and available algorithms of the Adomian polynomials. The results show that the method is very simple and effective.

Analytical Solution of Exothermic Reactions Model with Constant Heat Source and Porous Medium

The objective of this article is to present a modified analytical scheme, namely homotopy analysis transform method (HATM), to investigate the exothermic reactions model in the presence of constant heat source and porous medium. The heat flow patterns profiles are required for the heat transfer in each type of the thermal insulation. The driving force model to analyze the temperature gradient is studied. The governing equation of the model is restricted into an energy balance equation that gives the value of temperature in conduction state in the presence of constant heat source. By employing the HATM iterative process, we study the behavior of independent variable for the convergence series solution in admissible range. The HATM technique manipulates and controls the series solution, which quickly converges to the exact solution in large admissible domain in efficient way. The solution procedure and explanation show the flexible efficiency of HATM in comparison with other existing methods for handling different kinds of nonlinear differential equations occurring in fluid mechanics.

Comparative study of a cubic autocatalytic reaction via different analysis methods

In this paper we discuss an approximate solutions of the space-time fractional cubic autocatalytic chemical system (STFCACS) equations. The main objective is to find and compare approximate solutions of these equations found using Optimal q-Homotopy Analysis Method (Oq-HAM), Homotopy Analysis Transform Method (HATM), Varitional Iteration Method (VIM) and Adomian Decomposition Method (ADM).

Coupled reaction-diffusion waves in a chemical system via fractional derivatives in Liouville-Caputo sense

In this paper, we have generalized the fractional cubic isothermal auto-catalytic chemical system (FCIACS) with Liouville-Caputo, Caputo-Fabrizio-Caputo, and Atangana-Baleanu-Caputo fractional time derivatives, respectively. We apply the Homotopy Analysis Transform Method (HATM) to compute the approximate solutions of FCIACS using these fractional derivatives. We study the convergence analysis of HATM by computing the residual error function. Also, we find the optimal values of h so we assure the convergence of the approximate solutions. Finally we show the behavior of the approximate solutions graphically. The results obtained are very effectiveness and accuracy.