Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition Technology Research Articles

Advancements in homogeneous charge compression ignition technology: Efficiency, emissions, and applications in the modern automotive industry

Homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) technology is a novel approach in internal combustion engines that combines the efficiency of gasoline engines with the spontaneous ignition characteristics of diesel engines. HCCI engines offer cleaner emissions, reduced noise, and wider fuel adaptability, overcoming many drawbacks of traditional engines. The paper explores the HCCI combustion process, highlighting its unique features and advantages over spark ignition (SI) and compression ignition (CI) engines. It also discusses innovations in HCCI technology, including its combination with other strategies like spark-controlled compression ignition (SCCI) and low-temperature combustion (LTC) to expand its load range. The challenges of HCCI technology, especially in combustion timing control, are addressed, along with suggestions for future research directions. The application of HCCI technology for energy savings and emission reduction and its impact on the automotive industry are also discussed, citing examples from manufacturers like Volvo, Nissan, and General Motors. The paper concludes by emphasizing the importance of ongoing research, integration with other technologies, and financial support to further advance HCCI technology and its market potential.

Current status and prospect of homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) technology application of transportation

HCCI engine is a new concept in recent decades. HCCI is defined as a type of engine with little application and market proportion. HCCI engines have great potential and prospects in practical engineering applications. However, there is a lack of cognition of HCCI engine development. Therefore, this paper introduces the current status of HCCI technology application and the possible development in the future. Throughout collecting information of some parameters of engines and comparison and analysis, this paper researches the current status and prospect of HCCI engine application. Research shows that, HCCI engine has considerable merits, which are more eco-friendly, higher thermal efficiency and fuel economy, also HCCI engine is not be used in production. In the future, HCCI engine will expand the advantages and occupy market, eventually be the mainstream type of internal combustion engine. In addition, the analysis and research results of this paper will provide reference and reference for the future development of HCCI engine.

A review of internal combustion engines powered by renewable energy based on ethanol fuel and HCCI technology

<abstract> <p>In general, as compared to conventional combustion engines, the homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) engine offers better fuel efficiency, NOx, and particulate matter emissions. The HCCI engine, on the other hand, is not connected to the spark plugs or the fuel injection system. This implies that the auto-ignition time and following combustion phase of the HCCI engine are not controlled directly. The HCCI engine will be confined to a short working range due to the cold start, high-pressure rate, combustion noise, and even knocking combustion. Biofuel innovation, such as ethanol-powered HCCI engines, has a lot of promise in today's car industry. As a result, efforts must be made to improve the distinctive characteristics of the engine by turning the engine settings to different ethanol mixtures. This study examines the aspects of ethanol-fueled HCCI engines utilizing homogenous charge preparation procedures. In addition, comparing HCCI engines to other advanced combustion engines revealed their increased importance and prospective consequences. Furthermore, the challenges of transitioning from conventional to HCCI engines are examined, along with potential answers for future upgrade approaches and control tactics.</p> </abstract>

A review of internal combustion engines powered by renewable energy based on ethanol fuel and HCCI technology

<abstract> <p>In general, as compared to conventional combustion engines, the homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) engine offers better fuel efficiency, NOx, and particulate matter emissions. The HCCI engine, on the other hand, is not connected to the spark plugs or the fuel injection system. This implies that the auto-ignition time and following combustion phase of the HCCI engine are not controlled directly. The HCCI engine will be confined to a short working range due to the cold start, high-pressure rate, combustion noise, and even knocking combustion. Biofuel innovation, such as ethanol-powered HCCI engines, has a lot of promise in today's car industry. As a result, efforts must be made to improve the distinctive characteristics of the engine by turning the engine settings to different ethanol mixtures. This study examines the aspects of ethanol-fueled HCCI engines utilizing homogenous charge preparation procedures. In addition, comparing HCCI engines to other advanced combustion engines revealed their increased importance and prospective consequences. Furthermore, the challenges of transitioning from conventional to HCCI engines are examined, along with potential answers for future upgrade approaches and control tactics.</p> </abstract>

NUMERICAL STUDY ON NOX EMISSION REDUCTION MECHANISM OF HCCI MARINE DIESEL ENGINE FOR IMO TIER III EMISSION LIMITS

With the advantages of ultra-low emissions of oxides of nitrogen (NOX) and high thermal efficiency, the homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) mode applied to marine diesel engine is expected to be one of the technical solutions to meet the International Maritime Organization (IMO) MARPOL73/78 Convention-Annex VI Amendment Tier III requirement. According to the NOX chemical reaction mechanism, taking a marine diesel engine as the application object, the numerical study on the NOX formation characteristics of n-heptane for HCCI combustion process is performed. The results indicate that NO is usually the main component in the generation and emissions of NOX with the n-heptane HCCI mode. The combustor temperature plays more important role in the proportion of NO generation and emission. Compared with the experimental data of conventional marine diesel engine, the emission reduction rate of NOX can achieve an average of more than 95% in using HCCI technology.

Effects of combustion timing on pressure rise rates in a residual effected HCCI engine

Realization of a low temperature combustion concept in homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) engines is a cutting-edge technology that offers clean combustion in parallel with high thermal efficiency. Low combustion temperature prevents from NOx for-mation whereas homogeneous mixture assures smokeless exhaust. However, achieving the production feasibility by HCCI technology is hampered by high pressure rise rates and the resulting combustion noise at a high load operation. This paper explores combustion tim-ing parameters that are capable of maintaining permissible levels of pressure rise rates under a high load regime. On the basis of exper-imental data collected at a high load HCCI operation, pressure rise level was correlated with combustion duration. Furthermore, com-bustion duration has been found to scale with in-cylinder volume, for which 50% of mass fraction burned appeared. The results showed quantitatively limitations of engine load, pointing out on required combustion timings to achieve acceptable combustion harshness de-pending on engine load.

Conversion of a single-cylinder internal combustion engine to dual-mode homogeneous charge compression ignition engine

Homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) technology has been a forerunner in improving efficiency and reducing emissions in conventional internal combustion engines. Despite significant research activity in the past few decades, engines operating on HCCI technology have not been commercially successful owing to practical engineering challenges. The current study attempts to convert a single-cylinder agricultural diesel engine to a gasoline HCCI mode. Dual mode of operation was employed to overcome the shortcomings of HCCI technology. The control algorithms were designed to switch between the gasoline HCCI mode and the diesel DI (direct injection) mode depending on load. A numerical simulation strategy was deduced to determine the initial experimental conditions. The HCCI mode could not be sustained above 40% load with the current control strategy which corresponds to 1.49 kW of brake power. In HCCI mode, a brake thermal efficiency of 23%, NOx emissions of 1.4 g/kW h, and CO2 emissions of 2200 g/kW h were achieved which was an improvement of approximately 15%, 80%, and 30%, respectively, at comparable loads in DI mode. Reduction in engine-out NOx is an attractive feature of HCCI engines. However, at lower loads CO and HC emissions of 1600 g/kW h and 46 g/kW h were achieved which were higher than conventional diesel DI mode and would be tackled by after-treatment systems which are economical as compared to after-treatment of other air pollutants. Overall, the technology was found to be clean and economically viable. Modifications to achieve dual-mode operation holds a potential to commercialize it, as it can be cross-deployed in any engine of similar class, which is an important feature considering the impact of these engines on air quality and economy of a country.

System based on thermal control of the HCCI technology developed for reduction of the vehicle NOX emissions in order to fulfil the future standard Euro 7

On the present the environmental protection belongs among the most important worldwide priorities. From this reason there is valid within the framework of the European Union the standard Euro, which is specifically defined in the transport area. Nowadays the actual issue of this standard is signed Euro 6. It is established in order to eliminate most of the undesirable air pollutants. However, there is already prepared a new and even stricter emission standard Euro 7. It is a well-known fact that the actual emission standards are very hard and the automobile factories, together with the engine design concepts are trying to fulfil the new emission standards, mainly the NOX emission requirements. These circumstances also caused the infamous affair “dieselgate”. The new engine concept, which is called HCCI (Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition), could be a suitable solution of the present NOX emission problems. Principle of the HCCI technology is based on self-ignition of the homogenous fuel mixture using compression in order to reduce emissions, whereas the NOX emission level is almost negligible. However, there are also several essential problems connected with the above-mentioned innovative technology, for example a high level of pressures arising during the compression process and intensive heat release. Another serious problem is a complicated control of the self-ignition process. This article presents an original technical solution, which enables to regulate the whole self-ignition process and in this way to ensure a reliable operation of the HCCI engine. We would like to emphasize also a fact that this unique solution was applied for a patent, as well. The innovated piston combustion engine was installed in the experimental vehicle designed for participation at the international competition shell eco marathon 2018 in London focused on minimisation of the fuel consumption.

Effect of Fuel Injection Strategies on Performance and Emissions in HCCI Engines: a Review

Homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) technology in internal combustion engines has improved several performance characteristics of engines. For instance, it has improved thermal efficiency and it has lowered the level of engine emissions, too. The application of this technology requires the usage of various blends of fuels, which are popularly injected into the engine using direct injection method at different timings i.e. early direct, late direct, and Single/Split (multiple) injections. This paper reviews the research that has shown that these three types of injection strategies have different impacts on the performance and on the emissions of engines with a particular interest in power output and thermal efficiency, cylinder pressure, heat release, pressure rise, combustion rate, energy consumption, combustion efficiency and brake mean effective pressure. Different researchers have applied varying methods in studying the impacts of these injection strategies, e.g. a method that involved a variation of the injection angles in investigating the rates of emissions at different injection timings. Furthermore, early direct injection timing strategy has proved to be more advantageous if compared to the other two injection timing strategies as it increases ignition delay (ID) thus resulting in the formation of a well-mixed fuel-oxidizer homogeneous mixture. Consequently, the early direct approach is recommended for usage in engines that adopt the HCCI technology.

EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON THE USE OF CHICKEN FAT OIL METHYL ESTER AS ALTERNATIVE FUEL IN A DI DIESEL ENGINE IN HCCI MODE

In the curiosity forever improving fuel efficiency and emissions reduction, a new and highly promising idea has found new life. HCCI (Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition) technology has been around for a long time, but has recently received renewed attention and enthusiasm. An HCCI engine is a mix of both conventional spark-ignition and diesel compression ignition technology. The blending of these two designs offers diesel-like high efficiency without the difficulty and expensive to deal with NOx and particulate matter emissions. For the above purpose the chicken fat oil methyl ester – gasoline blend and chicken fat oil methyl ester - diesel blends are used in HCCI engine concept. The air and fuel mixture in various proportions are prepared externally by using a fuel vaporizer mounted in the intake pipe. Fuel injection is done by port fuel injector and the quantity is controlled by the electronic control unit (ECU). It can be observed from the above experimental work that the oil extracted from chicken fat can be a suitable alternative fuel to run diesel engine. Chicken fat oil methyl ester with the blend of 10% gasoline gives higher thermal efficiency than other fuel combinations with lower NOX and HC emissions.

Autonomous vehicle with internal combustion drive based on the homogeneous charge compression ignition technology

The actual dynamical development of the information technologies is also typical for the area of automotive industry. The autonomous control technology is moving the motorcars into the mobile robot category. The autonomous mobile robotic vehicles, together with new possibilities offered thanks to the mobility services, are improving not only comfort but also safety of transport. Nowadays, application of the homogeneous charge compression ignition technology represents a great progress made in the field of internal combustion drive, taking into consideration more and more rigorous emission standards. This article deals with principles and architecture of the autonomous control, with hybrid drive systems as well as it analyses advantages of the homogeneous charge compression ignition technology, taking into consideration the obtained experimental results.

Numerical Study on NOx Emission Reduction Mechanism of HCCI Marine Diesel Engine for IMO Tier III Emission Limits

With the advantages of ultra-low emissions of oxides of nitrogen (NOX) and high thermal efficiency, the homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) mode applied to marine diesel engine is expected to be one of the technical solutions to meet the International Maritime Organization (IMO) MARPOL73/78 Convention-Annex VI Amendment Tier III requirement. According to the NOX chemical reaction mechanism, taking a marine diesel engine as the application object, the numerical study on the NOX formation characteristics of n-heptane for HCCI combustion process is performed. The results indicate that NO is usually the main component in the generation and emissions of NOX with the n-heptane HCCI mode. The combustor temperature plays more important role in the proportion of NO generation and emission. Compared with the experimental data of conventional marine diesel engine, the emission reduction rate of NOX can achieve an average of more than 95% in using HCCI technology.

Research on the Effect of ETCI Based HCCI Technology in the Best Fuel Area

Exhaust check point injection compression ignition (ETC� ), the trapped promote internal thermal residues high temperature high pressure jet fuel mixture is one of the most effective methods to achieve homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI). This paper is based on the ETCcombustion mode to study the effect of timing heating of the exhaust valve and the cooling effect of the pressure on the combustion process.. Results show that the best fuel economy can start injection of Ca BTDC at 1500r/min, the exhaust valve timing on combustion properties are strongly influenced by the 370, Shan'xi. Using the residual gas coefficient of the exhaust valve timing control, the combustion stage can be controlled indirectly by the intake temperature of the cylinder. In addition, constant pressure, inlet pressure increasing can increase the excess air coefficient decrease the mixture of average air temperature, which can also be control as the key parameters of the combustion phase in some areas. Therefore, the reasonable cooperation between the exhaust valve timing and the pressure pressure can effectively control the combustion process and emission minimization. At 1500r / min, 30 (calcium negative valve overlap (NVO) and 0.18 MPa pressure, the limit of low load and high load limit of HCCI combustion can be reached 0.27 MPa and 0.723 MPa, respectively.

Controlling combustion with negative valve overlap in a gasoline–diesel dual-fuel compression ignition engine

Premixed charge compression ignition technology for diesel engines has been attracting increasing interest in recent years because of its ability to reduce nitrogen oxide emissions. At the same time, homogeneous charge compression ignition technology for gasoline engines also has been expected for high thermal efficiency and reduction in nitrogen oxide emissions. However, both methods have common challenges, such as limited part-load operation and ignition timing control. Additionally, under very low load conditions, thermal efficiency decreases due to the difficulty of providing steady combustion. In this study, a dual-fuel method has been applied to control the ignition timing and combustion duration. As a high ignitability fuel, diesel fuel was supplied to the direct injector, and as an inhibitor, gasoline was supplied to the port injector. Under very low load conditions, negative valve overlap and multiple fuel injection were applied. Diesel fuel injected during the negative valve overlap duration oxidised partially in the high-temperature environment with oxygen-contained exhaust gas of the previous cycle. The oxidation reaction of fuel during the main compression stroke was inhibited by the products from these reactions that occurred during negative valve overlap. Thus, it was possible to control the timing of the heat release immediately after top dead centre. As a consequence, high controllability of combustion and high thermal efficiency at low loads were achieved through independent control of the ratio of diesel fuel injected at negative valve overlap and the fractions of the two fuels.

Homogeneous charge compression ignition technology implemented in a hybrid electric vehicle: System optimal design and benefit analysis for a power-split architecture

Homogeneous charge compression ignition technology can improve fuel economy by providing increased efficiency at low-load operation. This article examines the implementation of this technology in hybrid propulsion systems. To assess the benefits, a physics-based model for a spark ignition–homogeneous charge compression ignition dual-operation engine is developed, together with system and component models, and is used to optimize a crossover sport utility van with a power-split hybrid powertrain. Comparison of optimal designs for the pure spark ignition and dual homogeneous charge compression ignition cases indicates the reduction in the fuel consumption based on our modeling assumptions to be in the range 2.5–5%, depending on the test cycle. These benefits increase substantially when the acceleration performance requirements increase. An analysis method is presented to show how such engine-level changes affect the entire powertrain characteristics, and mode maps are developed to indicate when the benefits are expected.