Homeopathy Medicine Research Articles

Chemical Profiling, In Silico Pharmacokinetics Analysis and Molecular Docking Study of Phytocompounds of Homeopathy Medicine Echinacea angustifolia Q against Suppurative Bacterial Proteins

Background Computer-aided drug design is the emerging field for identification of drug action on its target organs. The pharmacokinetic study helps find out drug ADMET (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity) and drug likeness properties. PyRx software helps with molecular docking of the bioactive compounds on their target organ within a short period of time. In homeopathy, Echinacea angustifolia is one of the most commonly used drugs for microbial infective skin lesions used in internal administration as well as an external application. Objective This study was aimed at identifying the compounds present in Echinacea angustifolia Q through liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS), ADMET, and drug likeness properties, followed by molecular docking by PyRx software to recognize the interaction between drug compounds against 12 target microbial proteins of commonly infective suppurative bacteria. Materials and Methods An analysis of the phytoconstituents of Echinacea angustifolia Q was performed using the Agilent 1290 Infinity LC system coupled to the Agilent 6545 Accurate Mass Quadrupole Time-of-Flight (QTOF) with Agilent Jet Stream Thermal Gradient Technology. In silico ADMET and drug likeness properties were assessed by free online tools, followed by a detailed docking study by PyRx software. The drug compounds with the lower glide docking score are considered to have the best binding affinity. Result The five compounds of Echinacea angustifolia Q satisfy all properties of ADMET and drug likeness. The three compounds of Echinacea angustifolia Q have low glide score of >-7.0 kcal/mol against the three microbial target proteins of Salmonella enterica, Proteus mirabilis, and Staphylococcus aureus. Conclusion Echinacea angustifolia Q has fulfilled the ADMET and drug-likeness properties for internal administration as well as external application for various suppurative bacterial infective disorders, which were confirmed through molecular docking. Therefore, Echinacea angustifolia Q may function as a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of illnesses associated with antimicrobial resistance.

Association between Usage of Prophylactic AYUSH Medicines and Disease Severity in COVID-19 Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Prior vaccination is often studied for its impact on individuals' post-infection prognosis. Ayurveda, Yoga, Unani, Siddha and Homeopathy (AYUSH) medicines, advised by the Government of India as prophylaxis during the first wave of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, were consumed by the masses in 2020. A study was therefore undertaken to observe any association between the prior usage of AYUSH prophylactic medicines and post-infection severity as reported by recovered COVID-19 individuals. This was a retrospective, multi-centre, cohort study conducted in 21 cities of India from 5th August to 30th November 2020. Data from recovered COVID-19 patients, of either sex or any age, captured information about AYUSH prophylactic medicines intake prior to infection, disease severity, symptomatology, duration of complaints, etc. The study participants were grouped into AYUSH intake and non-intake. Primary composite outcome was the disease clinical course. Secondary clinical outcomes were the rate of and time to clinical recovery. Data of 5,023 persons were analysed. Ayurveda or homeopathic prophylactic medicines were consumed by more than half of the study participants: that is, 56.85% (n = 1,556) and 56.81% (n = 1,555) respectively. The overall adjusted protective effect (PE) of AYUSH prophylactic intake against moderate/severe forms of COVID-19 disease was 56.7% (95% confidence interval [CI], 48.7 to 63.50; p < 0.001). Adjusted PE for homeopathy and Siddha was 52.9% (95% CI, 42.30 to 61.50; p < 0.001) and 59.8% (95% CI, 37.80 to 74.10; p < 0.001), respectively. A statistically significant association was found between AYUSH prophylactic medicine intake and clinical recovery more frequently by the 3rd day of illness (χ2 = 9.01; p = 0.002). Time to resolution of symptoms in the AYUSH intake group was on average 0.3 days earlier than in the non-intake group (p = 0.002). AYUSH prophylactics were associated with statistically significant levels of protection against COVID-19 disease severity. Amongst these, previous intake of homeopathy or Siddha medicines was associated with some protection against moderate/severe illness and with a somewhat quicker clinical recovery. Prospective studies with experimental research design are needed to validate the findings of this study. Clinical Trials Registry-India (CTRI/2020/08/027000).

Homeopathic preparation of Allium sativum abrogates OxLDL mediated atherogenic events in macrophages: An invitro and in silico approach

BackgroundOxidized LDL (OxLDL), the key player in atherogenesis modulates endothelial dysfunction, initiates monocyte recruitment, accentuates foam cell formation, and flares up inflammatory and apoptotic events. Even though homeopathic preparation of Allium sativum has been proved to be an anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic and anti-atherogenic agent, its mechanism of action on abrogating OxLDL mediated foam cell formation is yet to be explored. ObjectiveThis study was designed to bring out the role of homeopathic preparation of Allium sativum in curbing OxLDL mediated cellular inflammation in IC-21 cells exposed with OxLDL. Materials and methodsOxLDL was used to induce oxidative damage in the IC-21 macrophage cells. Assessment of inflammatory cytokines, localization of NFκB, detection of apoptosis and the in silico analysis were performed in this study. ResultsThe current study portrays the efficacy of homeopathy medicine as an anti-inflammatory agent, in reducing the levels of inflammatory cytokines and its mRNA expression, suppressing the activity of NFκB and preventing apoptosis in OxLDL treated IC-21 cells. ConclusionTo conclude, homeopathic preparation of Allium sativum 6C and 30C potencies are capable of controlling the transcriptional activity of NFκB and apoptosis in IC-21 cells exposed to OxLDL. These results implicate that Allium sativum homeopathic drug can be used as anti-inflammatory agent in reducing atherogenic events as it is capable of preventing OxLDL-mediated injury to macrophages.

Management of Gout with Individualised Homoeopathy: A Case Report

AbstractGout is a metabolic disorder in which deposition of monosodium urate crystals leading to inflammatory joint disease. The metabolic derangement leading to supersaturation of blood and body fluids with the urate ion to the point of crystal formation is responsible for the presentation. Gout with acute arthritis or chronic arthritis is treated with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, colchicine, corticosteroids and drugs that lower levels of uric acid in the blood, but these drugs have their impact on different organs of the body. Homoeopathic system of medicine can treat gouty arthritis effectively without any other sequelae. A case of gout in a 52-year-old male patient who presented with severe pain, swelling and tenderness was successfully treated with homoeopathy medicine, Natrum sulph. The medicine prescribed in totality alleviated not only the symptoms of the patient but also lowered the serum uric acid levels to normal.

Establishment of Neural Series Transmission Keys (NSTKs) and Security in the Field of COVID-19 Telepediatric Oral Health.

In this exceptional COVID-19 crisis, telemedicine had arisen as a substitute technique for medicines. Even more unequivocally, pediatric children were at high risk to outside homes. The spread of COVID-19 has suddenly ascended. Because of lockdown conventions and isolation protocols, kids were confined to live inside their homes. Non-emergency youngsters ought to be managed remotely through the telepediatric health. An establishment of Neural Series Transmission Keys (NSTKs) has been created and security had been planned on the intraoral data. Oral cavity is a kind of dental disease occurring in children. It is for the most cases caused due to drawn out bacterial invasions. Bacterial attacks are more because of sticky chocolates, desserts, sugar, and so forth. Homeopathy medicines are the best prescribed to fix such dental diseases in this current unprecedented COVID-19. Since, it needs no dental medical procedure for the non-invasive kids, which is the reason that the homeopathy medicines are most appropriate in this COVID-19 lockdown stages. The doctor can gather symptoms of the kids from their parents through online interfaces. Some of the normal homeopathy drugs are: Kreasotum, Mercurius, Mezereum, etc. Moreover, in this pandemic situation online telepediatric homeopathy medicines were better alternatives to investigate from home disengages. Additionally it bears no voyaging consumptions and costs. Secure online transmission of clinical pediatric information has been the most challenging issue in COVID-19 telepediatric oral wellbeing. Data mystery factor is protected with tendency in this proposed cryptographic technique. Neural Series Transmission Keys (NSTKs) were established based on neural network based hamming codes. It has been diffused inside the intraoral pediatric data. The proposed key was so particularly amazing that it gives assorted blend after each bit of evolving. Beginning seeds were kept at the dentists and the patients, in order to go against external attacks inside the public channel, especially during this hyper digitized COVID-19 times. Standard graphs were drawn with accuracy using the proposed cryptographic method. The absolute cryptographic time in this strategy was 2.88 ms which was significantly important. By applying Chi Square test, we have noted = 17.012, under 5% level of significance.

Symptomatic relief in sickle cell disease patients by homeopathy medicines

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a inherited blood disorder that impacts the shape and passage of red blood cells (RBCs) in blood vessels, which leads to several medical complications. Normal red blood cells are round or oval. In people with SCD, the haemoglobin present in red blood cells becomes defective and in turn leads to the change in shape of the red blood cells. Red blood cell becomes like sickles or curved in the persons suffering from SCD. These inflexible, adhesive cells may get stuck in tiny blood vessels, which in starts reducing or prevents blood movement and oxygen to several parts of the body. There is no full proof treatment of SCD, homeopathic Medicines can help in reducing the pain and can avoid difficulties linked with the SCD. In this paper we have presented our research on symptomatic relief in sickle cell disease patients by homeopathy.

AyushMed App Using Flutter &amp; Node.js

Abstract: This paper describes about AyushMed android application. Android applications can easily be installed on users mobile phone. This app allows customers to purchase homeopathy medicines online. AyushMed app focuses on Ayurveda, Yoga and Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha and Homeopathy. Not only medicines would be available but the medicine would also have an alternative home remedy. AyushMed app focuses on holistic improvement of life and living a more sustainable lifestyle. The app will pop up banners describing the purpose behind ancient traditions. The app will motivate users to live a more meaningful life. The main purpose of the project was to allow Indians with the availability of 100 % indigenous, home-grown ayurvedic medicines at a price cheaper the allopathic medicines and having zero to absolutely no side effects.

Perception and Practices of COVID Appropriate Behavior

Introduction: Recent COVID-19 pandemic is an unprecedented public health problem worldwide. Knowledge about the disease and adoption of COVID Appropriate Behavior (CAB) are of utmost importance in combating the pandemic. The study was conducted to assess and compare the knowledge, attitude, and practice and to determine different misconceptions and wrong practices related to the disease among urban and rural populations. Materials and Methods: A community-based analytical study with cross-sectional design was conducted from January 2021 to March 2021 among 144 adult residents from urban and rural West Bengal. Multistage sampling was adopted and a predesigned, pretested, semistructured schedule was used for interviewing study subjects. Results: Urban people were significantly more knowledgeable and more appropriate in attitude and practice than rural people (P &lt; 0.05). The mean knowledge and attitude scores of urban population were significantly higher than the rural population across age groups, gender, occupation, and education (P &lt; 0.05), whereas mean practice score was significantly higher across gender and occupation in the urban population compared to the rural population (P &lt; 0.05). Many cultural and indigenous practices such as drinking warm water, using mouth wash, using home remedies were more common in urban areas and consumption of homeopathy medicines, lighting candles, making sound with utensils, blowing conch shells, and worshipping corona were observed more in rural areas. Conclusions: Wide gap exists in knowledge, attitude, and practice between urban and rural population and there were many wrong perceptions and practices surrounding COVID-19 among both urban and rural population. Appropriate policy for improving knowledge, attitude, and CAB is the need of the hour.

Dengue Fever Cured by Homeopathy– Two Case Series

Dengue is a mosquito-borne acute viral disease caused by Flavivirus (RNA virus) and transmitted through the vector Aedes aegypti. Clinical features range from mild fever to complications such as hemorrhagic manifestations and shock. This article gives details about the management of two dengue cases with decreasing platelet cured with homeopathy medicines. The patients were given homeopathic medicine based on individualized acute totality. After homeopathic treatment, there was a significant improvement which is documented.

Prevalence and determinants of using complementary and alternative medicine for the treatment of chronic illnesses: A multicenter study in Bangladesh.

While conventional medicine (CM) is commonly used to treat non-communicable diseases (NCDs), complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is gaining popularity as a healthcare option in Bangladesh. We aimed to investigate the prevalence and factors associated with using CAM solely and using CAM in conjunction with CM for chronic illness treatment among NCD patients in Bangladesh. A multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted, including 549 adults with a confirmed chronic illness diagnosis from three tertiary care hospitals in Dhaka city. Interviews were used to gather socio-demographic data, while medical records were used to get information on chronic illnesses. A multinomial logistic regression model was used to determine the associated factors of utilizing CAM primarily and CAM use in conjunction with CM to manage the chronic disease. Out of 549 NCD patients (282 women [51.4%], mean [standard deviation] age 45.4 [12.8] years), 180 (32.8%) ever used CAM for the treatment of chronic illness. Also, 15.3% of patients exclusively used CAM among the NCD patients, while 17.5% used CAM in conjunction with CM. Homeopathy medicine was the most prevalent type of treatment among CAM users (52.2%). Furthermore, 55.5% of CAM users said they used it due to its less adverse effects, and 41.6% trusted its effectiveness for chronic illness. Elderly patients (≥60 years) preferred CAM in complementary with CM, but they did not rely only on CAM. According to the multinomial regression analysis, unmarried patients, predominantly in the younger age group, adopted CAM significantly for chronic illness treatment (Relative risk ratio, RRR = 0.29, 95% CI = 0.12-0.71, reference = Unmarried). Patients in the high-income group used CAM in conjunction with CM (RRR = 6.26, 95% CI = 1.35-18.90, reference: low-income), whereas patients in the high-income group did not rely on CAM alone (RRR = 0.99, 95% CI = 0.34-2.85). Although CM remains the mainstream of health care in Bangladesh, CAM services play an essential role in people's health care, particularly in treating chronic illnesses. Physicians of Bangladesh should be aware that their patients may be using other services and be prepared to ask and answer questions regarding the risks and benefits of using CAM in addition to regular medical care. Thus, clinicians required to follow best-practice guidelines, which are currently not practiced in Bangladesh, when disseminating information regarding integrative techniques that combine CM and CAM approaches.

An Observational Study of Electro Homoeopathy Medicine in Ovarian Cyst Treatment

An Observational Study of Electro Homoeopathy Medicine in Ovarian Cyst Treatment

Computational Study on the Inhibitory Effect of Natural Compounds against the SARS-CoV-2 Proteins.

COVID-19 is more virulent and challenging to human life. In India, the Ministry of AYUSH recommended some strategies through Siddha, homeopathy, and other methods to effectively manage COVID-19 (Guidelines for AYUSH Clinical Studies in COVID-19, 2020). Kabasura Kudineer and homeopathy medicines are in use for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 infection; however, the mechanism of action is less explored. This study aims to understand the antagonist activity of natural compounds found in Kabasura Kudineer and homeopathy medicines against the SARS-CoV-2 using computational methods. Potential compounds were screened against NSP-12, NSP-13, NSP-14, NSP-15, main protease, and spike proteins. Structure-based virtual screening results shows that, out of 14,682 Kabasura Kudineer compounds, the 250395, 129677029, 44259583, 44259584, and 88583189 compounds and, out of 3,112 homeopathy compounds, the 3802778, 320361, 5315832, 14590080, and 74029795 compounds have good scoring function against the SARS-CoV-2 structural and nonstructural proteins. As a result of docking, homeopathy compounds have a docking score ranging from −5.636 to 13.631 kcal/mol, while Kabasura Kudineer compounds have a docking score varying from −8.290 to −13.759 kcal/mol. It has been found that the selected compounds bind well to the active site of SARS-CoV-2 proteins and form hydrogen bonds. The molecular dynamics simulation study shows that the selected compounds have maintained stable conformation in the simulation period and interact with the target. This study supports the antagonist activity of natural compounds from Kabasura Kudineer and homeopathy against SARS-CoV-2's structural and nonstructural proteins.

Importance of Pharmacovigilance in Ayurveda

Introduction: Ayurveda has been introduced in India around 1500 BC. Ayurvedic medicines are more accepted these days as people are looking out for the natural medications. The major function of this system is to preserve the normal wellness of people and to cure the patient. These medicines, which are generally considered as safer, are now in the aura of doubt, due to some of the recent incidences of Adverse Drug Reaction (ADR), during their usage. Objective: Pharmacovigilance is an important step in Ayurveda to overcome and continuously monitor the ADR. Pharmacovigilance is the law and regulations for pharma industries, which deal with the detection, assessment, monitoring, understanding, prevention and reporting of adverse effects of medicines. Thus, this is the recurrent theme of ayurvedic pharmacology (dravyagunavigyan) and healing (chikitsa). The most important aim of pharmacovigilance, that is to enhance patient care and safety of the drug use, and as a result elevate rational drug use are recurring premise of ayurvedic pharmacology cology (dravyagunavigyan) and therapeutics (chikitsa). Methods: The data was collected from different websites and databases such as PubMed, Biomedical Sciences, Science Direct, Wiley Online Library, Google Scholar, WHO, Bentham science etc. A total of 80 articles were downloaded, studied, categorized and 52 were selected to write the manuscript. Results and Conclusion: There is requirement of an appropriate post-clinical surveillance program for ayurvedic drugs based on its quality, safety, and efficacy, for public health and disease management, which is now accessible in National Pharmacovigilance Programme for ASU (Ayurveda, Siddha, Unani) drugs, Ayurveda has explained a broad hypothesis on homeopathy medicines, in relation with its usage, causal ADR, treatment and its prevention. Spontaneous reporting of ADR related to Ayurveda plays an essential role in the identification and detection of new signals and communicating novel research questions.

Comparative Efficacy of Nonnicotine Replacement Therapy (Homeopathy Medicine) and Placebo With Behavioral Counseling on Tobacco Abstinence Among Adult Tobacco Users in Pune

Background: In India, tobacco is used in various forms, leading to an addictive behavioral disorder. Usually the homeopathy medicines are considered to be free from any side effects. The employees of a bus depot were addicted to tobacco and were contemplating on giving up the habit. Aim and Objective: To compare the effectiveness of non nicotine replacement therapy with behavioural councelling and placebo with behavioural councelling in tobacco abstinence at 6th and 12th month. Material and Methods: A triple blind, parallel group, placebo controlled, randomized clinical trial was conducted amongst 51 workers of bus workshop. Demographic data was recorded. Tobacco dependency was assessed using Fagerstrom questionnaire; Oral mucosa condition, CPI and LOA was recorded using WHO oral health assessment form 1997 and stains on teeth surfaces was recorded by Lobene stain index (1968). The intervention group received homeopathy medicine, control group received placebo and both groups received behavioural counseling and were followed up to 12 months. Results: Tobacco abstinence was seen in both the groups, but there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups at the end of six and twelfth month (p&gt;0.05). The mean reduction in the frequency of tobacco consumption and the dependency score within both the groups was statistically significant (p=0.00). The intervention and the control group helped 6 Vs 5 participants to abstain from the habit. Conclusion: Homeopathy medication ie. Tabaccum, Avena Sativa, Nux Vomica, Staphysagria, Caladium have shown to be beneficial in tobacco cessation.

Migraine a modern problem and its homoeopathic approach

In this modern era, conventional and bio-chemical intervention are not having good result in cases of migraine. Homoeopathy and other complementary medicine are having a good result in cases of Migraine and different kind of headaches. As Homoeopathy treats the person as a whole and depends upon the individualization, we get better result in homoeopathy other than other system of medicine. The main aim of the study to assess the effect of Homoeopathy medicine in cases of Migraine by using the Materia medica and repertory.

Epidemiological Profile and Clinical Experience of Abdominal Wall Hernia in Tertiary Care Hospital, Pakistan

Background and Aim: Abdominal wall hernia is a communal surgical intervention complication with groin hernia being the most commonly presented hernia around the world. Delay in addressing these complications may cause morbidity and mortality. Hernias can be repaired using a variety of surgical techniques. The purpose of the current study was to assess the epidemiological profile and clinical experience of abdominal wall hernia in tertiary care hospital, Pakistan. Materials and Methods: This epidemiological prospective study was conducted on 226 patients with abdominal wall hernia at HBS General Hospital, Islamabad for period of one year i.e from July 2020 June 2021. All the hernia patients admitted to the surgery department for abdominal wall hernias during the study period were examined. The relevant details of each individual were gathered from hospital medical and clinical records and noted in pre-designed proforma. Epidemiological and clinical profiles were tabulated and analyzed. Results: The overall mean age of patients was 44.6± 5.6 with age ranges from 16 years to 72 years. Out of all the operated hernia patients, about 174 (77%) were male and 52 (23%) were female. The male to female ratio was 3.34:1. Of the total 226 abdominal wall hernia patients, 202 (89.4%) patients were operated on. The prevalence of emergency-based operated hernia patients was 40 (19.8%). The most common operated abdominal wall hernia was groin hernia in 162 (80.4%) followed by umbilical, epigastric, paraumbilical, and rarer hernia with respective prevalence 20 (9.9%), 8 (3.9%), 10 (4.9%), and 2 (0.9%). Ascites, prostatic problems, chronic cough, previous surgeries, chronic constipation, and obesity were the different predisposing factors. The prevalence of predisposing factors were ascites in 3 (1.3%), prostatic problems 46 (20.4%), chronic cough 113 (50%), previous surgeries 20 (8.8%), chronic constipation 41 (18.4%), and obesity 3 (1.3%). Conclusion: Our study found that the male population is more susceptible to abdominal wall hernia compared to the female population. Low socioeconomic status with major risk factors such as constipation, old age, lifting heavy objects, smoking, surgery phobia, homeopathy medicine treatment were the main factors for increased rate of morbidity and mortality. Keywords: Abdominal wall hernia; epidemiology; risk factors

A Process of Electrohomeopathic remedy “SLASS” Preparation, Compared with Krauss Method By phytochemical Analysis, TLC and FTIR Studies

Electrohomeopathy medicines have been practicing since the 1850s in European countries and from the 1870s in India. There are various methods of preparation of Electrohomeopathic medicines that have been developed and practice by the different manufacturers. For the safety, efficacy, and stability of the medicines, there is a need for scientific research to standardize the procedure of medical preparations. SLASS is one of the commonly using remedy by the electro homeopathy practitioners for various disorders concern to the digestive system, excretory system and nervous system etc... In the present studies we attempted a comparative study of a Process of Electrohomeopathic remedy “SLASS” Preparation, Compared with the Krauss method by phytochemical analysis, TLC, and FTIR Studies. Our process and Krauss method showed significant differences in phytochemical profile TLC and FTIR spectral peaks. The yield of the extracts of Aloe capensis and Gentiana lutea are more in our method compared to Krauss method. Glycoside is present in Krauss method. These research outcomes with reproducibility will become standard markers or signatures to assess the quality, safety, and efficacy of the electro homeopathy medicine as well as reduce the risk of adulterations helps to develop specifications of the Electrohomeopathy remedies. Future work is essential to explore its therapeutic applications

Medical Students’ Attitudes, Experiences and Future Perspectives on Complementary Medicine - an Exploratory Study

To conclude, universities should react to the medical students‘ needs by extending their CM curriculum allowing for positive, personal experiences. Nutrition therapy, manual medicine and relaxation techniques should be included in medical education since most students imagined to use these CM therapies as physicians. Critical appraisal of and training in homeopathy and manual medicine might positively influence students‘ attitudes towards CM.

Pivotal "New Normal" Telemedicine: secured psychiatric homeopathy medicine transmission in Post-COVID.

In this Post-COVID-19 “New Normal” era, the importance of Telemedicine is immense. In telemedicine, the patients’ sensitive medical data security is the matter of highest demands. There exists data transmission between the psychiatric patients and psychiatrists through web-based portal. Cryptography is the essential component where medical data is transmitted securely. Insomnia, Depression, Mood swings, Fear of death, etc are the common mental conditions observed in this COVID-19 pandemic. A symmetric key based on randomization of numbers were generated by a reliable and third party Key Distribution Centre. A set of robust binary sequences of 128 bits long were generated, known as secret session keys, and will be transported to both the parties. The web-portal will capture all the patients’ symptoms. Then homeopathy E-Prescriptions would be generated by the psychiatrists. This transmission of E-Prescription would be done using the proposed secret session key using Advanced Encryption Standards. Ignatia, Natrum Sulphuricum, Aconite, Arsenicum Album, Belladonna, etc are the important homeopathy medicines as prescribed by the homeopathy psychiatrists in COVID-19. Mathematical calculations were done on this proposed technique with positive efficacy. Hence, homeopathy telemedicine is the pivotal way to cure psychiatric patients remotely in this Post-COVID-19 “New Normal” context.

Clinical Repurposing of Medicines is Intrinsic to Homeopathy: Research Initiatives on COVID-19 in India.

As at mid-October 2020, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has been continuing on the rise across the globe, including in India. Historically, homeopathy has been used in a number of epidemics/pandemics. The development of homeopathic medicines is approached uniquely through "drug provings" and clinical verification; these two intrinsic processes establish the background for the application of homeopathic medicines, regardless of nosological diagnosis. This article reflects research initiatives on COVID-19 in India and identifies studies listed in the Clinical Trial Registry-India database. We identified 29 studies being undertaken in different settings, including those in conventional medicine: 20 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and 9 observational studies. Fifteen studies are aimed at prophylaxis and 14 are aimed at treatment. Amongst the treatment studies, 11 are focused on efficacy or comparative effectiveness. The findings might provide evidence for clinically repurposing some of homeopathy's medicines, an approach that is intrinsic to the therapy, enabling their use in COVID-19 as an adjuvant or stand-alone to help reduce costs and improve patient recovery.