Networked Home Appliances Research Articles

A Comparative Study of Plastic and Glass Optical Fibers for Reliable Home Networking

Home networking using fiber optics is essential for uninterrupted data transmission in modern communication networks. In this study, we evaluated and compared the reliability of plastic optical fibers (POFs) and glass optical fibers (GOFs) for home networking applications. Furthermore, assess the advantages and disadvantages of POF and GOF over short distances and find that POF is more suitable for home network applications due to its higher reliability. In addition, it has the advantage of being cost-effective and flexible for short-distance applications. The results show that POF indicates higher reliability and better performance at 8.25517 × 101of the Q factors, 2.21355 × 10−3 of the eye height, and 2.8307 × 10−3 of the threshold values at 30 meters, while GOF shows 6.30 × 101 of the Q factor, 3.78087 × 10−3 of the eye heights and 4.34736 × 10−3 of the threshold values. Moreover, this research highlights the importance of reliability in designing and applying optical fiber networks and can help network designers and engineers make informed decisions when selecting the appropriate type of optical fiber for specific applications.

Machine learning-based jamming attack classification and effective defense technique

The fourth industrial revolution has resulted in the intelligent Internet of Things being widely used for home networking applications and smart infrastructure. Consequently, wireless connectivity has become essential in industrial and daily-life applications. Wireless communication is a continuously evolving technology that satisfies high-speed and ultra-low latency requirements. However, as multiple users utilize a single channel by sharing frequency and time, the service quality cannot be ensured owing to the interference from a congested network. Additionally, malicious attackers can compromise communication availability or destroy data integrity through jamming attacks, threatening human life and safety. Conventional jamming attack detection and response technology respond to attacks without detecting the type of jammer, exhibiting certain limitations in detecting and defending against an intelligent attack. This study proposes a novel jammer classification and effective defense (JCED) algorithm that can classify jamming attack types using machine learning (ML) and provide differential responses based on the jamming types. Depending on the jammer type, the JCED algorithm can adaptively select various response methods, ranging from simple retransmission to active battery-draining attacks. The experimental results verify that JCED exhibits 24.9% higher effective throughput and 23.4% lower energy consumption than the countermeasure detection and consistency algorithm (CDCA). Moreover, JCED improves the effective throughput by an average of approximately three times compared to CDCA in an environment with integrity violation attacks. Thus, the JCED is an effective defense mechanism against jamming attacks, ensuring digital information safety and high throughput.

Cooperative Recording to Increase Storage Efficiency in Networked Home Appliances

Cooperative Recording to Increase Storage Efficiency in Networked Home Appliances

Cybersecurity: A Deep Dive Into the Abyss

AbstractCyberspace reaches all corners of human access and includes cyber-physical systems such as power grids, communication networks, industrial plants, transportation networks, ports and shipping, and a myriad of networked home appliances through the Internet of Things. One goal of this article is to engage and inform personnel in the maritime domain to help secure cyberspace from adversaries. Another goal is to provide an introductory systems view to help manage cyberspace security. We show that cyberspace is a reflection of human networks and share the advantages and flaws inherent in these human networks. Trust in this network is the missing link that prevents us from securing this network. Although this viewpoint is not an exact model, we believe it helps simplify the complexity of cyberspace and the wide variety of attacks that are possible. These goals help the average person see the big picture, and the entire system can become more robust by allowing everyone to participate intelligently in this endeavor. This article explains in a more simplistic but useful manner the domain of cyberspace, enabling better security of the ecosystem.

Design and Development of Finical Frame on Reaction performance Expert Routing Protocol in Sloppy WSN

Wireless Sensor Networks accept abundant abeyant to abutment several important wireless applications, together with concurrent disc statement, remedial application, inspection purpose sensor networks, automated applications, aggressive surveillance and home networking applications. But there are two arduous issues (i) advice bandwidth and (ii) activity are actual important to architecture wireless and adaptable systems because these are actual abundant bound in arrangement environment. Therefore it requires able advice and architecture techniques to access bandwidth as able-bodied as activity able protocol. The lot of able acquisition agreement Lower Activity Adaptive Absorption Hierarchy in wireless sensor networks. Lower Activity Adaptive Absorption Hierarchy uses the abstraction of activating absorption if sensor nodes are deploying about area amount of array ampules on the network. This cardboard describes the arrangement superior that depends on altered characteristics of abstracts manual as a Modification on LEACH protocol. In this paper, we discussed and explain the allegory of magnitude, phase, appearance delay, accumulation delay, amplitude of broadcasting and activity burning respectively.

Designing and Implementing a Lightweight WSN MAC Protocol for Smart Home Networking Applications

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) represent a promising solution in the fields of the Internet of Things (IoT) and machine-to-machine networks for smart home applications. However, to feasibly deploy wireless sensor devices in a smart home environment, four key requirements must be satisfied: stability, compatibility, reliability routing, and performance and power balance. In this study, we focus on the unreliability problem of the IEEE 802.15.4 WSN medium access control (MAC), which is caused by the contention-based MAC protocol used for channel access. This problem results in a low packet delivery ratio, particularly in a smart home network with only a few sensor nodes. In this paper, we first propose a lightweight WSN protocol for a smart home or an intelligent building, thus replacing the IEEE 802.15.4 protocol, which is highly complex and has a low packet delivery ratio. Subsequently, we describe the development of a discrete event system model for the WSN by using a GRAFCET and propose a development platform based on a reconfigurable FPGA for reducing fabrication cost and time. Finally, a prototype WSN controller ASIC chip without an extra CPU and with our proposed lightweight MAC was developed and tested. It enhanced the packet delivery ratio by up to 100%.

SDN@home: A method for controlling future wireless home networks

Recent advances in wireless networking technologies are leading toward the proliferation of novel home network applications. However, the landscape of emerging scenarios is fragmented due to their varying technological requirements and the heterogeneity of current wireless technologies. We argue that the development of flexible software-defined wireless architectures, including such efforts as the wireless MAC processor, coupled with SDN concepts, will enable the support of both emerging and future home applications. In this article, we first identify problems with managing current home networks composed of separate network segments governed by different technologies. Second, we point out the flaws of current approaches to provide interoperability of these technologies. Third, we present a vision of a software-defined multi-technology network architecture (SDN@home) and demonstrate how a future home gateway (SDN controller) can directly and dynamically program network devices. Finally, we define a new type of flexibility enabled by SDN@home. Wireless protocols and features are no longer tied to specific technologies but can be used by general-purpose wireless SDN devices. This permits satisfaction of the requirements demanded by home owners and service providers under heterogeneous network conditions.

A Smart Gateway Architecture for Improving Efficiency of Home Network Applications

A smart home gateway plays an important role in the Internet of Things (IoT) system that takes responsibility for the connection between the network layer and the ubiquitous sensor network (USN) layer. Even though the home network application is developing rapidly, researches on the home gateway based open development architecture are less. This makes it difficult to extend the home network to support new applications, share service, and interoperate with other home network systems. An integrated access gateway (IAGW) is proposed in this paper which upward connects with the operator machine-to-machine platform (M2M P/F). In this home network scheme, the gateway provides standard interfaces for supporting various applications in home environments, ranging from on-site configuration to node and service access. In addition, communication management ability is also provided by M2M P/F. A testbed of a simple home network application system that includes the IAGW prototype is created to test its user interaction capabilities. Experimental results show that the proposed gateway provides significant flexibility for users to configure and deploy a home automation network; it can be applied to other monitoring areas and simultaneously supports a multi-ubiquitous sensor network.

The Improvement and Evaluation of the Implementation Ability for Deriving Timing Constraints Context in Service-Oriented Home Network

Home Network System (HNS) is comprised of networked home appliances and sensors to provide value-added and more powerful services. In order to build high-level HNS service by integrating multiple appliances and sensors, our earlier study proposes a method to derive timing constraints context based on Sensor Service Framework (SSF, which deploys sensor devices as web services to achieve easy development of context- aware application). That method divides timing constraints into two types: the sequential timing constraint and the continuous timing constraint. A high-level context can be defined as conditions expression based on the above two types. Moreover, we present a timer service to implement timing constraints context within SSF, and demonstrate how a high-level context with timing constraint is registered and detected in a real home network system. However, to create high-level context with timing constraints, the developer needs to know the details about pre-existing context of HNS, and also needs the ability to analyze and implement complex logic to detect a high-level timing constraints context. This limitation impedes the efficient creation of high-level context in HNS. Therefore, we propose a method to collectively manage the information of a pre- existing context of HNS in this paper, by which the developer can create high-level timing constraints context more easily than before. As a case study, we implement Enter-Leave context and TV Left On context, and execute an evaluation to prove the effectiveness of this proposal.

Improvement on LEACH Protocol in Wireless Sensor Networks

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have great potential to support several important wireless applications, including real-time multimedia communication, medical applications, surveillance using sensor networks, industrial applications, military surveillance and home networking applications. But there are two challenging issues (i) communication bandwidth and (ii) energy are very important to design wireless and mobile systems because these are very much limited in network environment. Therefore it requires intelligent communication and design techniques to increase bandwidth as well as energy efficient protocol. The most efficient routing protocol LEACH (Lower Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy) in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) has been incorporated by Heinzelman et.al. LEACH uses the concept of dynamic clustering when sensor nodes are deploying randomly where number of cluster impact on the network. This paper describes the network quality that depends on different characteristics of data transmission as a Modification on LEACH protocol. In this paper, we discussed and explain the comparison of magnitude, phase, phase delay, group delay, amplitude of broadcasting and energy consumption respectively.

Performance improvement in ZigBee-based home networks with coexisting WLANs

In recent years, a large diversity of network-enabled devices have been widely prevalent in home environment. With the prevalence of such devices, wireless home networks enable monitoring and control applications for home user comfort and efficient home management. In the home network, alarm signals must be delivered in real-time to the residents or to the emergency services and some home control applications require the response time to be on the order of a few hundred milliseconds for optimal user experience. Most recently, ZigBee has emerged as one of the most promising technologies for wireless home networking because it is targeted at applications that require a low data rate and long battery life, which are also the features of home network applications. However, its usage in close proximity to Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs) introduces coexistence problems, resulting in failing to fulfil the response time required by the home control applications. To overcome this problem, we propose to control the WLAN traffic when there exist ongoing ZigBee transmissions and the maximum tolerable delay is not met due to the WLAN interference. We aim to guarantee that the delay experienced by ZigBee sensors (especially, for alarm signals) does not exceed the maximum tolerable delay, while maintaining as high throughput as possible in the WLANs. The simulation results demonstrate that our proposed algorithm can enhance the delay performance of ZigBee networks by mitigating the effect of WLAN interference and improve the throughput in the WLANs.

Location service and session mobility for streaming media applications in home networks

In the near future, home networks are expected to become an important part of the user's ubiquitous environment. However, how to provide service discovery and multimedia services in such networks becomes a great challenge. In the paper, we propose an extension header, referred to as the “MediaService” header, into the Session Initiation Protocol to provide video streaming service. The streaming control and session mobility functions are also considered in the MediaService header. We also propose a peer to peer Service Location Protocol architecture for users to search for location of services across domains. We added a Substitute Request Message and cache policy into the Service Location Protocol to search for location of services across domains. A prototype implementation shows the performance of our prototype.

Introducing energy efficiency in the VDE 0885-763 standard for high speed communication over plastic optical fibers

In September 2013, the VDE 0885-763 standard for high-speed communication over plastic optical fiber (POF) will be published. The new standard enables 1 Gb/s communication over 50 meters of POF and is intended for use in automotive, industrial, and home networking applications. One of the goals of the standard is to achieve good energy efficiency, and to that end it incorporates a low power mode. This is similar to the case of Ethernet where a low-power mode was introduced by the Energy Efficient Ethernet (IEEE 802.3az) standard in 2010. In this article, the energy efficiency mechanisms incorporated in the VDE 0885-763 standard are described and evaluated. The evaluation is done by simulation, and the results are also compared to those of Energy Efficient Ethernet. The conclusion is that VDE 0885-763 will provide good energy efficiency even at low/medium loads.

Considering impacts and requirements for better understanding of environment interactions in home network services

A home network system (HNS) coordinates various networked home appliances to achieve value-added services. If multiple services are executed at the same time, functional conflicts between the home appliances may occur. These are known as feature interactions (FIs) in the HNS. We have previously defined two kinds of FIs: appliance interactions and environment interactions. Environment interaction refers to an indirect conflict of different appliances in the home environment, which is generally more difficult to capture than appliance interaction. Due to a lack of an amount of environmental impacts and requirements to be satisfied, the previous definition missed some obvious environment interactions, or mis-detected many acceptable cases.In this paper we try to extend the previous formalization by introducing two new concepts. First we propose an environment impact model, which strictly defines how each appliance operation contributes to the environment properties. Second, we introduce an environment requirement to define the expected environment state achieved by each service. We then re-formalize the environment interaction by a condition such that the accumulated impacts violate the requirement of either of the services. A case study with five practical services successfully detects the interactions that could not be characterized by the previous definition.

Priority-Oriented Architecture Service Management on OSGi Home-service Platform

Open Service Gateway initiative (OSGi) platforms integrate a variety of reusable applications and resources, packing them into bundles. These deployed services, which are offered by service providers, can expediently manage home appliances. However, in the user's daily life, various services or bundles access to other services directly or indirectly, creating a situation that is likely to generate problems involving non-supportable applications or insufficient hardware resources. OSGi platforms are no way to deal with these situations. Although much research has proposed methods to resolve specific issues, almost all of these methods are incomplete or are unsuitable for the limited resources in households. This paper addresses the wide range of such common home-network applications as those involving health care, home automation, and home security; and both our proposed priority-based principles of a management decision-making mechanism and our framework architecture help ensure the quality of service and or emergency responses.

Impact of New Highly Secure Scheme on Wireless Network 802. 11 Performance

local area networks (WLAN) are beginning to play a much larger role in corporate network environments and are already very popular for home networking applications. This increase in accessibility has created large security holes for hackers and thieves to abuse, that is finally being addressed by stronger security protocols and these security protocols include Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP), Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA) and 802.11i (WPA2). In this paper, we investigate the performance of wireless local area networks (WLANs) and security protocols available for WLANs. These existing security protocols have certain vulnerabilities and often hamper network performance as maintain poor trade-off between security and overhead on network performance. Here we propose our security protocol Slot Based Security Scheme (SBSS) in wireless local area network. Our proposed security protocol SBSS drastically increases the security and incurs almost same overhead on network performance as other existing security protocols in WLANs. We also develop our simulator in c++ to examine the impacts of these existing security protocols and our proposed protocol SBSS in WLANs on network performance that proves that our proposed scheme SBSS is much more efficient than existing security protocols in WLANs as SBSS maintains good trade-off between security and its associated overhead incurred on network performance.

OSGi-based smart home architecture for heterogeneous network

With the development of home network and service applications, different protocols and transmission modes are proposed. There are more digital devices and home appliances which compliance to the protocols. The proposed protocols are different and they are usually unable to communicate with each other; we design and implement a Service-Oriented Smart-Home Architecture to integrate protocols which are popular such as UPnP, Jini, DPWS on OSGi framework and collaborating Tmote, Zigbee and Bluetooth to converge various service oriented applications. Furthermore, with the well-developed Tmote, Zigbee and Bluetooth technology, majority of devices has been developed to support these technologies, we propose three new base drivers to integrate different devices communication protocol on our platform. Additionally, we propose a Service Resolving Bundle to complement the drawbacks of OSGi mechanisms. However, OSGi services with constructs of additional description are stored in our proposed Service Resolving XML (SRXML). Also, the service user may invoke the service of this bundle to get additional information of the aimed services. The architecture utilized with service-oriented mechanisms to accommodate applications which are implemented across different domains and allows the system components to interact with one another.

RETRACTED: Challenges of information and communication technology in energy efficient smart homes

Energy saving is an important issue in the times of increasing energy prices. Products and services provided by the information and communication technology (ICT) can support energy efficiency and emissions reductions. The synergy of ICT and a residential area gives rise to the smart home environment. Ecological and smart home network applications should not only improve the peoples life satisfaction in the domain of health care, security protection, and efficient management of energy and resource consumption, but they should also enable personal happy life through easy communication with community people, high level entertainment, continuous education and so on. A smart home in the smart grid is the latest addition to a family of ideas emerging in relation to the ICT usage in the home. This paper presents an overview of the smart home concept and some challenges that ICT faces in that environment.

Performance analysis of OFDM modulation on indoor broadband PLC channels

Indoor broadband power-line communications is a suitable technology for home networking applications. In this context, orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) is the most widespread modulation technique. It has recently been adopted by the ITU-T Recommendation G.9960 and is also used by most of the commercial systems, whose number of carriers has gone from about 100 to a few thousands in less than a decade. However, indoor power-line channels are frequency-selective and exhibit periodic time variations. Hence, increasing the number of carriers does not always improves the performance, since it reduces the distortion because of the frequency selectivity, but increases the one caused by the channel time variation. In addition, the long impulse response of power-line channels obliges to use an insufficient cyclic prefix. Increasing its value reduces the distortion, but also the symbol rate. Therefore, there are optimum values for both modulation parameters. This article evaluates the performance of an OFDM system as a function of the number of carriers and the cyclic prefix length, determining their most appropriate values for the indoor power-line scenario. This task must be accomplished by means of time-consuming simulations employing a linear time-varying filtering, since no consensus on a tractable statistical channel model has been reached yet. However, this study presents a simpler procedure in which the distortion because of the frequency selectivity is computed using a time-invariant channel response, and an analytical expression is derived for the one caused by the channel time variation.

Mixed-mode QPSK demodulator for home networking applications

A mixed-mode QPSK demodulator for home networking application is demonstrated. The target application is high-bandwidth data transmission through the CATV line at home. A prototype chip realised by a 0.18 µm CMOS process can demodulate 1 Gbit/s QPSK data with 1.7 GHz carrier frequency in a 20 m CATV line link. It consumes 20.8 mW from an 1.8 V power supply while the area is 170×200 µm2.